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1.
实验以高等水生沉水植物菹草为材料，研究在不同浓度Cd^2 毒害条件下外施乙酰水杨酸(ASA)对菹草叶中叶绿素含量、可容性蛋白含量、O2^v产生速率、保护酶——超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响结果表明，施用ASA可以显著提高叶绿素和可溶性蛋白的含量，增强保护酶的活性，降低O2^v产生速率、从而减轻了重金属Cd^2 胁迫对植物体造成的伤害． 相似文献
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富营养化河流中水生植物丰富的浅水区通常是氮素转化的热区，沉水植物菹草暴发性生长可能会加速河流生态系统的反硝化进程，但菹草附着生物膜的反硝化作用变化特征及其脱氮贡献尚不清楚。为探究菹草暴发生长期间附着生物膜的反硝化作用潜力及环境效应，以沂河临沂市城区段菹草为研究对象，在菹草暴发生长期间定期采样分析菹草生物量、菹草附着生物膜养分含量及反硝化细菌，同时采用15N同位素添加流动培养结合薄膜进样质谱技术测定菹草附着生物膜的反硝化速率。结果表明：暴发生长期菹草生物量和盖度迅速增加，监测点最大生物量为1817～3334 g/m2；菹草附着生物膜干重、总有机碳、总氮、反硝化功能菌等均明显增加，为附着生物膜反硝化作用提供了丰富的物质和微环境条件；菹草暴发生长期附着生物膜反硝化速率显著升高，监测点最大反硝化作用速率达到424.18～1728.39μmol/(m2·h)，是表层沉积物的17.29～29.09倍；附着生物膜反硝化产氮气(N2)贡献相对较高，对生物膜产N2(反硝化+厌氧氨氧化)的贡献为77%～96%，对河流反... 相似文献
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以宁波城区内河为研究对象，调研沉水植物在154条河中的分布情况，实测63个代表样点的水环境指标，分析秋、冬季沉水植物群落变化及生理变化.研究发现：宁波城区内仅有8条河流单一地生长有沉水植物轮叶黑藻（Hydrilla verticillata）、苦草（Vallisneria natans）和金鱼藻（Ceratophyllum demersum）中的1种；3种沉水植物分布与溶解氧、氧化还原电位和pH均呈显著正相关，与水深、氨氮（NH3-N）和总磷（TP）浓度均呈显著负相关；有沉水植物分布的河道水深较浅（约0.9 m）、水质更优（普遍优于V类）；与秋季相比，冬季3种植物的群落盖度均下降，轮叶黑藻和苦草体内丙二醛、过氧化氢含量升高，暗示植物细胞受损；而3种沉水植物均具有一定耐低温胁迫能力，主要表现为体内抗氧化酶活性、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量升高.结果表明，水深、NH3-N、TP、溶解氧以及低温可能会影响城区内河沉水植物的生长与分布. 相似文献
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南京花神湖3种沉水植物表面附着微生物群落特征 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
沉水植物表面附着微生物系统是水生态的重要组成部分,然而当前对其了解仍不清楚.南京市花神湖是一个城市湖泊,沉水植物生长区域面积占湖面面积的40%左右.尽管花神湖的氮、磷营养盐水平很高,但最近未发生过藻类水华现象.本文以南京市花神湖中自然生长的优势种菹草(Potamogeton crispus)、伊乐藻(Elodea nuttallii)和金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)为研究对象,利用扫描电镜和荧光显微镜观测了叶表面附着微生物群落的分布特征,测定了植物表面附着微生物的密度及附生藻类的种类、密度和优势种群,并比较分析了不同水生植物之间附生藻类的差异性.结果表明,沉水植物表面微生物群落的分布与物种和叶龄有关.3种沉水植物中,菹草表面微生物群落结构最为复杂,微生境最为丰富.底部老叶片上面附着较多的微生物且表现出较高的生物多样性.植物表面附着微生物密度大小顺序为:菹草金鱼藻伊乐藻;植物表面附生藻类密度大小顺序为:菹草金鱼藻伊乐藻.总体来讲,沉水植物表面微生物总量大概比藻类数量高1~2个数量级.这为深入研究沉水植物及其表面微生物的生态功能奠定了基础. 相似文献
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菹草(Potamogeton crispus)附着物对水体氮、磷负荷的响应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过实验模拟了10组氮、磷负荷对菹草(Potamogeton crispus)生长期和衰亡期茎叶附着物的影响.结果显示:随着水体氮、磷浓度的升高,菹草附着物的叶绿素a(Chl.a)含量、附着有机物量、附着无机物量和附着物总量均增加,在氮、磷浓度最高的T10组(总氮12.0 mg/L,总磷1.0 mg/L),附着物的总量达到高峰,附着物的Chl.a含量为2.005~4.765mg/g(DW),附着有机物的量为29.027~94.886 mg/g(DW),附着无机物的量为176.881~397.750 mg/g(DW),附着物总量为205.909~492.636 mg/g(DW).在菹草的快速生长期、稳定期和衰亡期,附着物的Chl.a含量、附着有机物量、附着无机物量和附着物总量均存在显著差异,均表现为衰亡期 >稳定期 >快速生长期,且在各营养盐浓度下均存在这一趋势.菹草衰亡期附着物的Chl.a含量、附着有机物量、附着无机物量和附着物总量分别为稳定期的1.046~1.826、1.046~1.638、1.029~1.858和1.106~1.717倍,为快速生长期的2.324~4.059、2.323~3.640、2.101~3.792和2.280~3.584倍.结果表明水体氮、磷负荷的增加促进了菹草茎叶附着物的生长和积累,加速了沉水植物衰亡. 相似文献
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重建沉水植物群落是修复浅水富营养化湖泊的关键.河蚌可改善水下光照条件、促进沉水植物生长，因此放养河蚌常被用于沉水植物群落恢复的并行手段.河蚌是鳑鲏产卵的重要基质，因此河蚌可能促进鳑鲏种群发展，而鳑鲏对水生态系统的影响还尚不清楚.本研究以密刺苦草、大鳍鱊和背角无齿蚌为研究对象，通过中宇宙试验研究河蚌和鳑鲏对附着藻的影响，以及鳑鲏对水质和沉水植物生长的影响及机理.结果发现：鳑鲏显著增加了水体总磷、总溶解性磷、总悬浮物和叶绿素a浓度，而对总氮和总溶解性氮浓度的影响不显著.河蚌对苦草的相对生长率、总株数、根冠比及苦草最大叶长均无显著影响，而显著增加了苦草的单株平均生物量，这可能与河蚌组较高的附着藻生物量有关.鳑鲏未显著影响河蚌与苦草间的关系，但鳑鲏的出现显著增加了附着藻类生物量；此外，鳑鲏还降低了苦草的根冠比，而增加了苦草的最大叶长，这可能与鳑鲏引起的营养盐和叶绿素a浓度升高，以及植物表面附着藻生物量显著升高有关.鳑鲏属于小型杂食性鱼类，在长江中下游地区分布广泛，与沉水植物关系密切，且易在修复后的湖泊中形成优势鱼类，因此在湖泊修复和管理中应加强此类小型杂食性鱼类的监测与管理. 相似文献
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洪泽湖3种沉水植物附着细菌群落结构及多样性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
沉水植物茎叶表面附着的藻、菌及其他物质,不仅影响沉水植物自身生长,而且影响水体物质循环过程,附着藻类的研究已经有不少报道,但附着细菌的报道相对较少.采用末端限制性片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)技术,研究洪泽湖典型沉水植物——菹草(Potamogeton crispus)、篦齿眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus)、金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)在生长旺盛期叶表面附着细菌的群落结构及多样性特征,并采用冗余分析法探讨环境因子对附着细菌丰度的影响.结果表明,(1)3种沉水植物附着细菌群落结构有明显的差异性.143 bp T-RF在菹草和篦齿眼子菜中的相对丰度平均达到了20%和11%,而在金鱼藻中的相对丰度小于1%;89 bp T-RF在金鱼藻中的相对丰度平均约为13%,而在菹草和篦齿眼子菜中相对丰度小于5%.94 bp T-RF在菹草样品中相对丰度超过15%,而在其他样品中未被检测出.(2)从多样性角度分析,3种沉水植物附着细菌多样性大小依次为篦齿眼子菜菹草金鱼藻.(3)部分限制性片段的丰度受环境因子的影响较大,如89、94、143和227 bp T-RFs.而如167 bp T-RFs在3种沉水植物中的相对丰度分布较为稳定,受上述环境因子的限制较小.根据细菌比对结果,洪泽湖附着细菌的优势菌群可能属于拟杆菌门(Bacteroides)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)3个门类. 相似文献
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本文研究了不同浓度Cu2+(0、1、2、4、8、12μmol/L)对菹草无菌苗多胺(PAs)及活性氧代谢的影响.结果表明,随着Cu2+处理浓度的升高:(1)菹草无菌苗植株的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性逐渐上升,过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性则表现为先升后降;(2)超氧阴离子(O2.-)产生速率逐渐增大,过氧化氢(H2O2)和丙二醛(MDA)有所积累,可溶性蛋白含量降低;(3)游离态多胺含量与多胺总含量的变化一致,均表现为腐胺(Put)含量先升后降,亚精胺(Spd)含量逐渐降低,精胺(Spm)含量逐渐上升;游离态多胺(Spd+Spm)/Put的比值在高浓度Cu2+胁迫时迅速上升;结合态Put和Spm的含量变化与游离态的变化一致,而结合态Spd的含量与对照相比均略有上升;束缚态Put和Spd含量先升后降,而Spm含量则逐渐降低;(4)精氨酸脱羧酶(ADC)、多胺氧化酶(PAO)和二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性均表现为先升后降,而鸟氨酸脱羧酶(ODC)活性变化不明显.可见,Cu2+对菹草无菌苗造成了明显的氧化胁迫,抗氧化酶活性的升高,Spm含量的升高,Put向Spd和Spm的转化以及不同状态多胺之间的转化,在菹草无菌苗抵抗Cu2+胁迫过程中发挥着重要的作用. 相似文献
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沉水植物光合作用形成的微环境有利于水体中钙和磷形成CaCO_3-P共沉淀,从而将水体中的磷永久性去除,避免植物腐烂后的二次污染但不同的沉水植物种类形成CaCO_3-P共沉淀的能力不同本文以沉水植物菹草(Potamogeton crispus L)和金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum L)为实验对象,研究水体中添加钙离子(0、100 mg/L)对水体磷(磷浓度:0、0.2、2 mg/L)的去除和植物富集磷的差异,并通过植物灰分磷的组分分析,聚焦植物钙磷的变化,为生态修复中沉水植物的选择提供理论依据结果表明:(1)菹草和金鱼藻体系中总磷(TP)和溶解性反应磷(SRP)浓度显著下降,添加钙离子使降幅升高,且菹草体系中水体TP和SRP降幅均高于金鱼藻TP和SRP降幅;(2)菹草的干重全磷在高磷低钙(2-0)水平最高,灰分总磷在高磷高钙(2-100)水平最高,而金鱼藻干重全磷在高磷高钙(2-100)水平最高,灰分总磷在中等磷低钙(0.2-0)水平最高;(3)在2 mg/L的磷浓度下,添加钙离子使菹草的钙磷(HCl-P)和水溶性磷(H_2O-P)含量升高,有机磷(NaOH-P)含量降低,结果使灰分总磷含量升高,而金鱼藻NaOH-P升高,HCl-P和H_2O-P含量均降低,结果使灰分总磷降低这表明菹草通过提高吸附性磷和钙磷含量增强磷的富集,而金鱼藻则只显著升高了灰分中有机磷的含量显然,水体富营养化背景下,相较于金鱼藻,菹草具有更强的形成CaCO_3-P共沉淀的能力,具备竞争优势. 相似文献
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菹草、伊乐藻对沉积物磷形态及其上覆水水质的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采集武昌南湖湖水、沉积物进行沉水植物的盆栽试验,试验设置沉积物未施磷处理和施100mg/kg磷处理,分别对应沉积物低内源磷和高内源磷状态,同时种植菹草、伊乐藻,以研究沉积物中磷形态及上覆水水质的变化特点.研究从2007年9月15日开始,历时160d.结果表明,高内源磷沉积物处理后,上覆水中水溶性总磷含量在沉水植物的作用下明显降低;种植沉水植物可使水体总磷、总氮、叶绿素a含量显著降低,且伊乐藻对总磷的净化效果优于菹草;沉水植物对高内源磷沉积物的上覆水中叶绿素a的控制比对低内源磷条件下的效果更好;无论沉积物是否输入磷,在盆栽条件下,上覆水中叶绿素a随时间的变化均能较好地用一级动力学模型来描述;上覆水TDP、TP与沉积物中Ca_(10)-P之间有极显著正相关;种植菹草或伊乐藻的沉积物中Ca_(10)-P与上覆水中TDP和TP的相关系数分别为0.990(P≤0.01)和0.977(P≤0.05). 相似文献
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Cd2+和Cr6+对慈姑（Sagittaria sagittifolia L.）的毒害效应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以水生经济植物慈姑（Sagittaria sagiuifolia L．）为实验材料，通过模拟水体Cd^2＋和Cr^6＋污染环境，研究了两种单一离子处理对慈姑的毒害影响．结果表明：随着水体Cd^2＋、Cr^6＋浓度增大，慈姑叶绿素含量与根细胞质膜透性先升高后降低；Cd^2＋浓度增大，根和叶的POD活性，叶的SOD活性、丙二醛（MDA）含量及根的超氧阴离子（O2^-）产生速率均是先升后降；根和叶的CAT活性、根的SOD活性、MDA含量和叶的O2^＋产生速率则逐渐升高；而Cr^6＋处理时，MDA含量、根的SOD、CAT、POD活性均随浓度增大而升高，O2^-产生速率和叶的SOD、CAT、POD活性则升高后降低；Cd^2＋和Cr^6＋污染都对慈姑产生毒害，其毒害的效应既有相似性又有差异，同浓度条件下根的受害程度比叶严重． 相似文献
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M. D. Kravchishina A. N. Novigatskii N. V. Politova V. V. Zernova S. A. Mosharov O. M. Dara A. A. Klyuvitkin 《Water Resources》2013,40(2):143-156
Multidisciplinary studies of the dispersed sedimentary matter (suspended particulate matter) were carried out in the Volga delta during spring flood in two areas of the Astrakhan State Biosphere Reserve (Obzhorovskii and Damchikskii), allowing the authors to reveal some regularities in sedimentation conditions. Considerable differences were found to exist in the supply of sedimentary material into the sea through the branches and arms of the eastern and western parts of the river delta. Typical of the eastern part are appreciably higher concentrations of suspended particulate matter, biogenic components, and phytopigments, as well as greater phytoplankton abundance and biomass, and sedimentary material fluxes. A relationship was found to exist between the concentration of suspended particulate matter and the phytopigments under consideration. In May, almost entire chlorophyll “a” in suspended particulate matter was concentrated in the cells of small diatom algae, where it was distributed in proportion to diatom biomass. Overall, the suspended matter of the delta is mostly represented by mineral detrital particles (quartz and carbonates) with a relatively small share of clay materials against the background of a huge amount of diatom cells and biogenic detritus. 相似文献
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2008年11月、2009年4月,分别对太湖水体以及2009年6月对巢湖水体进行野外实验.对太湖水体遥感反射率进行因子分析,并利用遥感反射率的不同因子,对叶绿素和总悬浮物浓度进行反演,并对反演因子的普适性进行验证.利用第一因子反演太湖春季叶绿素浓度,平均相对误差为22.1%,均方根误差为3.48g/L,利用该方法反演巢湖、太湖秋季水体的叶绿素浓度没有取得较好的效果;利用第二因子反演太湖春季总悬浮物浓度,平均相对误差为13.9%,均方根误差为11.33mg/L,利用该因子反演巢湖、太湖秋季水体的总悬浮物浓度同样取得较好效果.结果表明:利用遥感反射率的第一因子对叶绿素浓度进行反演,该方法不具有普适性;利用遥感反射率的第二因子对总悬浮物浓度进行反演能取得较好的结果,此方法具有一定的普适性. 相似文献
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Based on three continuous in situ underwater light field measurement under different wind waves conditions in Longgan Lake, Meiliang Bay of Taihu Lake in July 2003 and littoral zone near TLLER in July 2004, respectively, the effects of sediment resuspension caused by wind waves on PAR diffuse attenuation, absorption coefficients and euphotic depths are analyzed. In Longgan Lake, PAR diffuse attenuation coefficients during small, middle and large wind waves were 1.74, 2.02 and 2.45 m-1, respectively, and the corresponding PAR spectral diffuse attenuations ranged from 0.98 to 2.97, 1.34 to 3.95 and 1.80 to 5.40 m-1, respectively. In Meiliang Bay, PAR diffuse attenuation coefficients were 2.63, 3.72, 4.37 m-1 during small, middle and large wind waves. PAR diffuse attenuation coefficients increased by 41% and 66% from small to middle, large wind waves, respectively. Absorption coefficients integrated over the range of PAR of CDOM, phytoplankton were 0.26, 0.28 m-1; 0.76, 0.49 m-1, respectively during middle and large wind waves. Absorption coefficients integrated over the range of PAR of non-algal particulate matter and total suspended particulate matter increased from 0.94 to 1.73 m-1, and from 1.70 to 2.22 m-1, respectively during middle and large wind waves. Relative contributions of absorption coefficients of non-algal particulate matter to total absorption coefficient integrated over the range of PAR were 44.14%, 65.05%, respectively, during middle and large wind waves. PAR euphotic depths decreased by 0.40, 0.19, 0.20 m from middle to large wind waves in Longganhu Lake, Meliang Bay and littoral zone near TLLER. Significant correlations were found between transparency, PAR diffuse attenuation coefficients, euphotic depths and total suspended paniculate matter, wind velocity, wave height. Most significant correlations were found between transparency, PAR diffuse attenuation coefficients, euphotic depths and inorganic suspended paniculate matter but low correlations for chlorophyll a, dissolved organic carbon. Increase of total suspended paniculate matter, especially inorganic suspended paniculate matter caused by wind waves was the dominant factor affecting underwater light field in shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River based on observations at three stations. 相似文献
17.
Lake Gucheng is located in the southeast of Nanjing, with an area of 24.3 km2, an average depth of 2 meters. The macrophytes of the lake were used to be abundant and their biomass was about 4.96 mg·m-2. The annual average contents of total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), PO3- -P, CODMn and BOD5 0.03, 1.31, 0.005, 3.61 and 1.46 mg·L-1, respectively. Thus, the water quality of this lake is quite well. Recently, the water quality in pari of the lake became worse because of some unreasonable exploitation and utilization of bioresources. The interactions between phytoplankton (N1), macrophyte (N2), fish (N3), crab (N4) were studied here. The macrophyte has great influences on both phytoplanktons, fish and crab, controlling the water quality and maintaining the fishery productivity. On the other hand, the phytoplankton, fish and crab also influence the macrophyte. It is key method of ecological management to maintain the macrophyte by fishery culture. Therefore, a modified Lotka-Volterra model has been established to estimate the interaction between N1, N2, N3, N4 and the influences of some water environmental parameters on these aquatic organism, environmental and economic effect. The main model consists four compart-mental models and four submodels, involved 12 external variables, 8 state variables, 19 universal constants and 11 parameters. The values of most parameters were found from our experiments and calibrated by the model and actually measured data. The model has been validated by comparison the computed and experimental data of phytoplankton and macrophyte. The theoretical outputs showed a good agreement with the measured data. This model predicated that if the standing crop offish and crab was higher than 2.65 ·m-2 during springtime in this lake, macrophytes would not grow, chlorophyll a content would arrive 34.8 mg·m-3 and the water quality would decrease. If the macrophyte grow well, the maximum fishery productivity would be about 1 600 t. In this case, the annually averaged phytoplankton chlorophyll a content should be 3.69 mg·m-3, which is lower than the criterion (10 mg·m-3) for eutrophic state. From 1991 to 1996, Lake Gucheng was managed with this model, its water quality maintain quite well, chlorophyll a content decreased from 3.51 (1991) to 1.89 mg·m-3 (1994). Meanwhile, the fishery productivity increased and the economic effect heightened year by year. 相似文献
18.
Hydrographic structure of the water column, dissolved nutrient concentrations and the distribution of suspended particulate matter were recorded from CDT measurements and Niskin bottles sampling on the continental slope of the Bay of Biscay and on the axis of Capbreton canyon. Ascorbate extraction was applied here for the first time on marine suspended particles to determine the content of reactive Fe- and Mn-oxides, and P associated with Fe-oxides. Hydrographic structure of the south-eastern part of the Bay of Biscay did not change during the last three decades. Particulate organic carbon (POC) contents dropped strongly with depth, showing that organic matter mineralization was efficient in the water column. Organic matter mineralized in the water column had a Redfield N:P ratio. POC percent of particles collected at depth were higher during a bloom period, suggesting that some new organic matter reached the bottom. Contents of Fe and Mn extracted with the ascorbate leaching solution showed that suspended particles originated from the Gironde estuary, one of the major sources of particles in the Bay of Biscay. Intermediate and deeper nepheloid layers occurred in the Capbreton canyon. Particles of nepheloid layers were enriched in Mn- and Fe-oxides because they originated from resuspension of surface sediment. 相似文献
19.
Zhang Yunlin Qin Boqiang Zhu Guangwei Gao Guang Luo Liancong Chen Weimin 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(1):114-125
Based on three continuous in situ underwater light field measurement under different wind waves conditions in Longgan Lake, Meiliang Bay of Taihu Lake in July 2003 and littoral zone near TLLER in July 2004, respectively, the effects of sediment resuspension caused by wind waves on PAR diffuse attenuation, absorption coefficients and euphotic depths are analyzed. In Longgan Lake, PAR diffuse attenuation coefficients during small, middle and large wind waves were 1.74, 2.02 and 2.45 m?1, respectively, and the corresponding PAR spectral diffuse attenuations ranged from 0.98 to 2.97, 1.34 to 3.95 and 1.80 to 5.40 m?1, respectively. In Meiliang Bay, PAR diffuse attenuation coefficients were 2.63, 3.72, 4.37 m?1 during small, middle and large wind waves. PAR diffuse attenuation coefficients increased by 41% and 66% from small to middle, large wind waves, respectively. Absorption coefficients integrated over the range of PAR of CDOM, phytoplankton were 0.26, 0.28 m?1; 0.76, 0.49 m?1, respectively during middle and large wind waves. Absorption coefficients integrated over the range of PAR of non-algal particulate matter and total suspended particulate matter increased from 0.94 to 1.73 m?1, and from 1.70 to 2.22 m?1, respectively during middle and large wind waves. Relative contributions of absorption coefficients of non-algal particulate matter to total absorption coefficient integrated over the range of PAR were 44.14%, 65.05%, respectively, during middle and large wind waves. PAR euphotic depths decreased by 0.40, 0.19, 0.20 m from middle to large wind waves in Longganhu Lake, Meliang Bay and littoral zone near TLLER. Significant correlations were found between transparency, PAR diffuse attenuation coefficients, euphotic depths and total suspended particulate matter, wind velocity, wave height. Most significant correlations were found between transparency, PAR diffuse attenuation coefficients, euphotic depths and inorganic suspended particulate matter but low correlations for chlorophyll a, dissolved organic carbon. Increase of total suspended particulate matter, especially inorganic suspended particulate matter caused by wind waves was the dominant factor affecting underwater light field in shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River based on observations at three stations. 相似文献