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1.
The broadband electrostatic turbulence generally observed in the high-latitude ionosphere is a superposition of nonlocal waves of ion-acoustic and ion-cyclotron types. In the presence of a shear of ion parallel velocity, ion-acoustic modes can be induced by an instability emerging due to an inhomogeneous distribution of energy density. This paper is devoted to the studies of excitation of oblique ion-acoustic wave in background configurations with inhomogeneous profiles of both electric field and ion parallel velocity. A numerical algorithm has been developed, and instability was simulated at various parameters of background plasma. The general possibility of oblique ion-acoustic wave generation by a gradient of ion parallel velocity is shown. In this case, the wave spectrum is found to be broadband, which agrees with satellite observations. 相似文献
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This paper presents more data on the properties of type-1 irregularities in the nighttime midlatitude E-region ionosphere. The measurements were made with a 50-MHz Doppler radar system operating in Crete, Greece. The type-1 echoes last from several seconds to a few minutes and are characterized by narrow Doppler spectra with peaks corresponding to wave phase velocities of 250–350 m/s. The average velocity of 285 m/s is about 20% lower than nominal E-region ion-acoustic speeds, probably because of the presence of heavy metallic ions in the sporadic-E-layers that appear to be associated with the mid-latitude plasma instabilities. Sometimes the type-1 echoes are combined with a broad spectrum of type-2 echoes; at other times they dominate the spectrum or may appear in the absence of any type-2 spectral component. We believe these echoes are due to the modified two-stream plasma instability driven by a polarization electric field that must be larger than 10 mV/m. This field is similar in nature to the equatorial electrojet polarization field and can arise when patchy nighttime sporadic-E-layers have the right geometry. 相似文献
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The structure and dynamics of ion-acoustic waves in an unmagnetized plasma, including the case of weakly relativistic collisional plasma (when it is necessary to take into account the high energy particle flows which are observed in the magnetospheric plasma), are studied analytically and numerically on the basis of a model of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation. It is shown that, if the velocity of plasma particles approaches the speed of light, the relativistic effects start to strongly influence on the wave characteristics, such as its phase velocity, amplitude, and characteristic wavelength, with the propagation of the twodimensional solitary ion-acoustic wave. The results can be used in the study of nonlinear wave processes in the magnetosphere and in laser and astrophysical plasma. 相似文献
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秦山三期核电工程区域地震特征及场地地震波分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
区域地震特征与区域地质构造密切相关，根据区域地质构造、地震地质历史，对区域地震特征进行了分析和评价。同时，根据场地地质条件、现场勘察、单孔地震波和跨孔地震波测试、岩石试样的室内动态参数测试等，建立了地震波与场地岩性、地质构造之间的关系，为秦山三期（重水堆）核电站抗震设计提供了可靠的依据。 相似文献
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声波方法在城市活断层探查与评价中的应用--人工地震、雷达和声波方法的比较与组合 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
断层上断点深度是确定平原隐伏断层活动年代的关键数据。对同一断层用不同物探方法获得的数据相差可达几十到几百米，这一差值可能导致对断层活动性的判定结论完全相反，由于缺乏宽频带、中心频率高的人工震源，只能采用多种方法联合探测。人工地震波、电磁波和声波的频率越高，分辨率越高，但衰减快，可探测深度也降低。相反，频率低，分辨率下降，但探测深度增大。人工地震波频率为数十赫兹，探测深度大，分辨能力低。雷达电磁波为10^6Hz量级，分辨能力强，但探测深度很小。声波为数千赫兹，分辨能力优于人工地震，探测深度大于雷达，性状介于二者之间，适合厚层第四纪沉积层的超浅层探查。声波高分辨率超浅层探测的初步结果表明．以往华北平原东部某些断层活动性的论断可能要做很大的修正。 相似文献
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A. F. Wickersham Jr. 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1970,80(1):271-287
Summary Propagating acoustic-like disturbances generated by nuclear explosions have been observed to split in the lower ionosphere. The resulting two disturbances propagate vertically into the upper ionosphere at different speeds, the slower at ordinary sound speed in a neutral medium and the faster at almost twice the speed of sound.The faster disturbance travels at the speed of an ion-acoustic wave in the ionic fluid. Such identification is prohibited theoretically by the large damping, or coupling, of the ionic mode to the neutral particle medium through ion-neutral elastic collisions; however, if inelastic collisions are included in the theory, the principal exothermic charge-exchange and charge-transfer reactions in the ionosphere provide enough additional coherent momentum in the charged particles to offset the losses through elastic collisions. It is shown quantitatively that in some regions of the ionosphere ionacoustic wave propagation can occur almost losslessly.It is possible that under some conditions the ionosphere approaches an unstable chemical equilibrium that is relieved by the spontaneous generation of ion-acoustic wavelets. Various ionospheric observations are examined in which there is some evidence of the effects of ionospheric ionacoustic disturbances. 相似文献
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应用广东数字遥测地震台网的数字化的地震形资料，研究阳江地震前，地震波波形时间线性度、平均半周期和地震波波形空间线性度等地震波参数变化特征。结果表明，震前半年时间内，上述地震波参数不同程度地出现下降异常。利用线性偏振度自动检测的P、S波初至具有可靠的精度，为广泛利用地震波参数预报地震提供了方便。 相似文献
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Based on our numerical model for wave scattering problems due to P and SV wave incidences and the frequency domain analysis procedure, the effect of canyon topographic and geologic conditions on ground motion due to P and SV earthquake wave incidences has been extensively studied in this paper. The numerical results from this research illustrated that: (1) canyon topographic and geologic conditions can dramatically affect both peak value and frequency contents of the free field motion along the canyon surface during an earthquake; (2) a canyon may be subjected to stronger ground motion when its predominant frequency is in coincidence with the predominant frequency of the incident earthquake wave; (3) a stronger wave mode conversion effect can be induced by a steeper canyon bank or a softer weathered stratum on the canyon surface in the case of an earthquake wave incidence; (4) compared with harmonic wave incidences, the amplification effect of a canyon on the incident earthquake wave is a little weaker due to the average self-healing effect of the earthquake wave. 相似文献
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地震对人类生活安全有很大的威胁,对建筑结构有明显的影响,研究地震波动强度非平稳特征可为地震的预防提供参考。研究地震波动强度非平稳特征提取模型,分别设定确定性参数和随机参数的取值。对地震波动强度非平稳特性进行傅里叶分析,根据分析结果选取数学模型,并对模型参数进行设定;将记录的地震波动强度所对应的数振幅谱进行分解,拆分成一组不同尺度的分量,并对其重组创建连续分量,提取地震波振幅谱;利用地震波的振幅谱和相位谱之间的关系对地震波动强度非平稳特征进行提取。经过仿真实验证明,本方法提取地震波动强度非平稳特征的准确度更高,对分析高分辨率地震资料具有重要意义。 相似文献
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单体建筑无筋砌体结构的抗震韧性较差,在地震中容易发生严重破坏和倒塌。为此,以抗震韧性为参数指标,对单体无筋砌体结构进行加固并分析,研究其在地震作用下的抗震能力。以某实际工程作为研究对象,运用ANSYS软件建立单体建筑无筋砌体加固有限元模型,选取中国汶川地震波、日本阪神大地震波、美国克恩县地震波、中国台湾集集地震波及人工地震波作为地震动输入,利用韧性指数法和韧性等级法,从无筋砌体加固体系在震后的修复费用、修复时间及人员伤亡等方面进行分析,得到抗震韧性评估结果。研究表明:(1)在罕遇地震、设防地震和多遇地震的情况下,单体建筑无筋砌体结构的层间位移、层间剪应力、破坏程度均大于单体建筑无筋砌体加固体系;(2)在受到地震强弱因素影响下,无筋砌体结构的抗震韧性指数最高为0.877,而其加固体系的抗震韧性指数最低为0.908;(3)在经历不同地震波后,无筋砌体结构受到较大损害等级占比较高,人员伤亡较重,需要花费较长的时间和较多的费用完成灾后重建;而经过加固后的无筋砌体结构,加固体系受到较小损害等级占比较高,人员伤亡较轻,且能够用较短的时间和较少的费用完成灾后重建。 相似文献
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The January 18, 2010, shallow earthquake in the Corinth Gulf, Greece (M w 5.3) generated unusually strong long-period waves (periods 4–8 s) between the P and S wave arrival. These periods, being significantly longer than the source duration, indicated a structural effect. The waves were observed in epicentral distances 40–250 km and were significant on radial and vertical component. None of existing velocity models of the studied region provided explanation of the waves. By inverting complete waveforms, we obtained an 1-D crustal model explaining the observation. The most significant feature of the best-fitting model (as well as the whole suite of models almost equally well fitting the waveforms) is a strong velocity step at depth about 4 km. In the obtained velocity model, the fast long-period wave was modeled by modal summation and identified as a superposition of several leaking modes. In this sense, the wave is qualitatively similar to P long or Pnl waves, which however are usually reported in larger epicentral distances. The main innovation of this paper is emphasis to smaller epicentral distances. We studied properties of the wave using synthetic seismograms. The wave has a normal dispersion. Azimuthal and distance dependence of the wave partially explains its presence at 46 stations of 70 examined. Depth dependence shows that the studied earthquake was very efficient in the excitation of these waves just due to its shallow centroid depth (4.5 km). 相似文献
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《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2003,65(3):355-358
FAST observations have indicated signatures of large amplitude solitary waves in the auroral zone of the earth's ionosphere. Our objective here is to propose a model for the generation of density cavities by the ponderomotive force of electron-acoustic waves. For this purpose, we derive a nonlinear Schrödinger equation for the electron-acoustic wave envelope as well as a driven (by the electron-acoustic wave ponderomotive force) ion-acoustic wave equation. Possible stationary solutions of our coupled equations are obtained. 相似文献
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研究了南黄海６１级地震前地震波动力学特征的变化,诸如Ｓ波、Ｐ波频谱的峰值频率,拐角频率,相对频带宽度,相对频谱峰值,波速比,Ｐ波初始部分波形的时间线性度及Ｐ波初始段平均半周期等。结果表明：震前地震波动力学各特征指标均有一定的异常变化,且大多能较好地反映出约０５ａ左右的前兆异常。指出地震预报中同时使用这些指标的可行性。 相似文献
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从面波延迟时间、初动方向、波幅、同震持续时间等4个方面研究拉萨台PET重力仪的同震响应特征,结果表明：（1）同震响应的面波延迟时间与地震震中距离具有较好正相关性;（2）初动方向没有规律;（3）同震响应的波幅不仅与地震震级大小有关,还与震中距远近有关;（4）远震的同震波一般表现为脉冲形式,近震除了脉冲外,还有阶跃;（5）同震波的延续时间与震级没有明确的比例关系.这有助于对重力仪器进行深入的了解,可以为未来西藏地区监测台网布设方案提供参考数据. 相似文献
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根据平凉市电磁波３年多的观测资料，分析了震前电磁波的异常特征，表明电磁波有明显的临震异常，其脉冲特征及时间与未来地震有着密切关系。指出认真对观测资料进行分析，可预知一定范围内的较强地震。 相似文献
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