共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
运用研制的KBD5矿用本安型电磁辐射监测仪测试了煤矿采掘过程中工作面煤岩体的电磁辐射，分析了电磁信号与采掘工艺及煤岩动力灾害危险性等的关系。研究表明，煤矿采掘过程伴随产生电磁辐射，电磁辐射是煤岩体受到采动影响后应力重新分布或变形破裂趋向新平衡的结果；有煤与瓦斯突出和冲击地压危险时，有明显的电磁异常前兆；采取防治措施后，电磁辐射显著下降。电磁辐射技术在煤矿可以用于预测煤与瓦斯突出、冲击地压等煤岩动力灾害。 相似文献
2.
3.
《地球物理学进展》2020,(4)
断层附近应力分布研究对于断层错动诱发的天然地震、矿震等地质灾害的机理分析及预防具有重要意义.断层具有软弱、破碎的特点,会阻碍采动应力的传播,这将增加断层滑移和煤体冲击的危险.为了探究断层阻隔效应,以兖矿集团济三煤矿6303工作面地质条件为背景建立FLAC~(3D)数值模型并计算.模型中包括13个岩层和1个45°倾角的正断层.采用界面单元模拟断层接触面和岩层接触面.获得了工作面推进过程中,垂直、水平和剪切应力的时空分布规律.通过考察断层附近煤层的应力差和断层下盘应力高值区的尺寸及应力增量,评价断层阻隔效应强弱.当工作面煤壁距断层水平距离为40～50 m时,工作面煤壁附近垂直、水平和剪切应力的高值区临近断层且受断层阻隔效应影响.随着工作面向前推进,上述高值区逐渐向断层上盘扩展.当工作面煤壁距断层水平距离相同时,断层对煤层垂直、水平及剪切应力的阻隔效应通常依次减弱;当其由50 m减至20 m时,断层阻隔效应增强.煤层垂直和水平应力最大值或工作面煤壁距断层水平距离为20 m和30 m时靠近工作面煤壁的峰值通常分别位于工作面煤壁前方10.5 m和11.5～13.5 m;剪切应力最大值位于工作面煤壁前方11.5～14.5 m. 相似文献
4.
煤炭资源是我国的主要能源,一直以来,煤炭的开采受到多种矿井地质灾害的威胁,其中最大的安全问题就是煤层底板破坏和矿井突水事故。底板突水的实质是下伏承压水沿底板岩层内部的通道突破隔水层的阻隔涌入到采掘工作面,是地下水和底板岩层相互作用的结果,隔水层的阻抗性能十分重要的,因此研究开采矿压对底板的破坏尤为重要。煤炭开采对底板岩层的破坏是有规律可循的,本文探讨了煤矿开采对煤层底板岩层的破坏规律以及煤矿开采水害的预防治理。 相似文献
5.
由于煤岩冲击破裂过程中,裂缝的形成和颗粒的摩擦会产生电磁辐射,因此,可采用电磁辐射技术来预测煤矿的冲击矿压危险.研究表明,电磁辐射基本上随着加载及变形速率的增加而增强;在发生冲击性破坏以前,电磁辐射强度一般在某个值以下,而在冲击破坏时,电磁辐射强度突然增加;煤体应力越大,变形破裂越强烈,电磁辐射信号也越强.煤岩变形破坏的弹塑脆性模型分析表明,煤岩体的损伤速度与电磁辐射脉冲数、声发射事件数成正比,与瞬间释放的能量、变形速度成正比.对具有强冲击危险工作面进行的研究表明,电磁辐射完全可以预测煤矿冲击矿压危险,检验卸压爆破效果,而且准确率高,效果明显. 相似文献
6.
7.
矿井勘探方法中,槽波地震是探测小构造最重要的一种方法,小构造的定量探测对于工作面的设计和开采具有重要的意义,通过透反射联合勘探并以揭露信息进行约束能够取得准确的结果.对山西龙泉矿4203工作面进行槽波透反射勘探,巷道的煤厚为6.8 m,巷道揭露的断层f29落差为7 m,f30落差为11.8 m,利用椭圆切线法和透射层析成像信息得出槽波的解释成果,从构造发育规律和三维地震解释的断层的数量、延伸长度、走向进行统计分析,合理推断槽波探测断层在工作面内外分布及延伸长度,并通过钻探得到了验证,得出在有效利用先验地质资料条件下矿井槽波地震透反射法具有广泛的应用前景. 相似文献
8.
影响煤矿层安全高效开采的最主要的地质因素是断层构造及其异常，特别是落差在3~5m的中小断层构造对生产影响最大.为了保证开采工作的顺利进行，通常需在工作面回采前对面内地质条件进行探测与评价.利用地震波CT多波联合探测反演与解释，可精确确定工作面内的地质构造及异常范围.其弯曲射线追踪SIRT法反演可获得收敛性好的探测区域波速结果，以纵波波速结果为主，高速区代表断层构造迹线，低速区代表煤层增厚，同时结合其它参量成图，可有效识别各种地质构造及其特征.3241工作面的探测与回采实例有效地说明了，多波联合探测技术可为面内生产解决大量的实际地质问题. 相似文献
9.
由于地应力的增高,深部煤层开采面临的冲击地压频率和强度均有所增加。那么,如何解决深部开采条件下煤体的透气性和应力集中成为瓦斯治理的首要问题。在矿井中浅部开采过程中,采用深孔预裂控制爆破技术进行煤与瓦斯突出及冲击地压的防治已取得了非常好的 相似文献
10.
利用TDS-6微震采集系统测试了忻州窑煤矿组合煤岩试样变形破裂直至冲击破坏过程中的微震信号,特别是冲击破坏前后微震频谱的变化规律.采用SOS微震监测系统,对忻州窑煤矿8929工作面冲击矿压的微震活动规律进行了监测,结果表明：（1）冲击前兆信号呈现低频特征,随着与主震间隔的时间越短,主频越低.主震信号频谱较宽,但低频（0～50 Hz）成份增加,余震信号呈现高频特性.（2）微震信号的频次、累积能量与主频之间呈负相关关系.尤其当工作面顶板来压以及诱发冲击矿压时,微震信号的主频达到最低值.（3）现场监测表明,冲击前兆微震信号的主频为0～50 Hz,且振幅较低.冲击主震信号频谱较宽,但较低频（0～20 Hz）成份明显增加,同时振幅达到极值.余震信号主频为0～200 Hz,呈现高频、低振幅特征. 相似文献
11.
Underground mining of coal seams in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin in Poland is accompanied by seismic activity of varying magnitude. The investigations which have been performed for several years distinguished high energy mine tremors connected directly with mining or coupled with geological structures, such as large faults. In mined seams, local fault zones occur. Faults in these zones are usually small, with throws comparable with coal seams thicknesses. Local fault zone may be responsible for the occurrence of high energy tremors as well as large faults, as presented in this article. An analysis of source mechanism of high energy tremors generated during longwall mining of the coal seam No. 510, with presence of a local fault zone, in one of the Polish hard coal mines in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin was performed. For this purpose, the seismic moment tensor inversion method was used. In most of foci, the process of shear predominated. Determined nodal plane parameters were correlated with parameters of faults forming the local fault zone. High energy tremors were generated mostly by dislocations on faults of the local fault zone. Weakening of roof rocks in the neighborhood of local fault zone takes an important role too, and was responsible for share of implosion in the focal mechanism. 相似文献
12.
Hard coal mining in the area of the Bytom Syncline (Upper Silesia Coal Basin, Poland) has been associated with the occurrence of high-energy seismic events (up to 109 J; local magnitude up to 4.0), which have been recorded by the local mining seismological network and regional seismological network. It has been noticed that the strongest seismic events occur when the mine longwall alignments coincide with the syncline axis. Data recorded by the improved local seismic network in the Bobrek Mine allow the estimation of the depths of the events’ hypocentres during excavation of longwall panel 3 as it approached the syncline axis. The recorded data were also used to estimate the location of the rupture surface and stress distribution in the seismic focus region. It was concluded that tectonic stresses, particularly horizontal stress components, are essential in the distribution of seismic tremors resulting from reverse faulting. The stresses induced by mining activity are only triggering tectonic deformations. The hypocentres of the strongest seismic events during mining of longwall panel 3/503 were located 300–800 m deeper than the level of coal seam 503. 相似文献
13.
On May 7, 1986, the residents of Tuscaloosa, Alabama, felt a seismic event of local magnitude 3.6 that occurred at the same time as a rock burst and roof collapse in an active longwall coal mine. Visual inspection of the seismograms reveals a deficiency in energy at frequencies above 20 Hz compared to tectonic earthquakes or surface blasts. The predominance of energy below 5 Hz may explain reports of body wave magnitudes (m
b
) greater than 4.2. Also, 1.0 Hz surface waves were more strongly excited than body waves and may explain local felt effects more typically associated with greater epicentral distances. All recorded first motions were dilatational. The concentration of stations in the northern hemisphere allows reverse motion on an east-trending near-vertical plane or strike-slip motion on northwest or southeast trending planes. The reverse focal mechanism is preferred, because the area of roof collapse and the area of active longwall mining are located between two east-striking loose vertical fracture zones. The characteristics of the seismic event suggest that it might have been sudden shear failure resulting from accumulated strain energy in overlying strata behind an active longwall. Although an alternate interpretation of the focal mechanism as an implosion or shear failure in the strata above previously mined out areas is also allowed by the first motion data, this alternate intepretation is not supported by geological data. 相似文献
14.
Paul Tammetta 《Ground water》2015,53(1):122-129
The change in hydraulic conductivity (K) above subsided longwall panels at underground coal mines is determined using a data base of pre‐mining and post‐mining K measurements made at multiple locations down the depth profile at each of a number of sites worldwide. Results show that, following caving of roof strata, there is a clear difference in the magnitude of changes in K above and below the top of the collapsed zone. Within the collapsed zone, relative increases in K are larger, even when taking account of measurements made in potentially unsaturated strata. A generalized conceptual model is presented for K change above subsided longwall panels. These results form a third independent database supporting the height of desaturation reported in an earlier study. 相似文献
15.
To study the impact of modern coal mining on the overlying formation, a full‐life‐cycle four‐dimensional seismic monitoring study has been carried out. Four seismic data campaigns have been performed using flexi‐bin geometry with square bins, with total duration of 171 days. The four seismic datasets have been processed with the same processing workflow and parameters; major problems such as statics correction, signal‐to‐noise ratio, resolution, and consistency processing are addressed taking into account the geological features of the research area. This guarantees that remaining four‐dimensional differences between the time‐lapse datasets show mostly geological factors due to the coal mining and effects such as surface subsidence. Our four‐dimensional seismic monitoring of modern coal mining shows that mined and unmined areas have significant zoning characteristics; coal mining has a direct impact on the overlying formation. The mining leads to obvious event subsidence, which reflects that overlying formations undergo subsidence during the mining process. The overlying formation appears as two zones called caving zone and fractured zone. We determine the fault dip of the overlying formation at one end of the working face to be 56°or so by calculation and conversion. We also see that, during the coal mining process, over time, the overlying formation has a self‐recovery capability, which gradually strengthens from the roof siltstone upward to the Aeolian sandstone near the surface. The stability of 20‐m coal pillars between working faces displays a strengthening trend and remains safe during the mining process due to both coal seam supporting and formation compaction effects. 相似文献
16.
Calculation of Electromagnetic Radiation Criterion for Rockburst Hazard Forecast in Coal Mines 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
V. Frid 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2001,158(5-6):931-944
— Intensive micro-fracturing of rock close to mining operations accompanies an increase in the likelihood of rockbursting. This fracturing causes an increase of the electromagnetic radiation (EMR) level by up two orders of magnitude, depending on the mining environment. Several examples of this enhanced EMR are presented in this paper. We first treat the EMR theoretical criterion of rockburst hazard in coal mines and compare it with the empirical criterion of EMR activity that was revealed on the basis of more than 400 different hazardous and non-hazardous situations in underground coal mines. Only the following parameters are needed to estimate the EMR criterion of rockburst hazard: limiting value of gum volume, mine working width, coal seam thickness, and coal elastic properties. 相似文献
17.
在常规测井约束反演的的基础上,开展神经网络特征参数反演,将波阻抗等地震属性转化为与含水性更为密切的孔隙度、视电阻率数据体,使地震反演的地质属性与测井上的地质属性达到最优的相关性,从而实现应用三维地震对煤层顶板富水进行评价的目的。由于煤层顶板富水区的特殊性质,它同样也是地震后的易破坏层,因而对它的探明从抗震角度以及震害预测角度都是有价值的。以淮北某采区为例,通过孔隙度及电阻率的神经网络反演对研究区10#煤层顶板的富水性进行预测。反演结果表明采区北部发育一个强富水陷落柱,与钻孔揭示结果吻合。采区西部10#煤层顶板与第四系含水层呈不整合接触关系,神经网络反演结果预测为强富水区,同样与井下工程揭示富水特征吻合。利用多属性融合的神经网络反演可有效预测煤层顶板的富水特征,为煤矿安全生产以及抗震提供重要保障。 相似文献
18.
地层孔隙水含量的计算主要受地层孔隙度与孔隙含水饱和度的影响.通过实验室煤层及其顶底板岩芯物理测试与孔隙度测量,可以获得煤系地层岩芯的孔隙度与岩芯纵、横波速度的经验公式;结合三分量地震勘探获得的纵波与横波速度,能够计算出煤系地层的孔隙度;含水饱和度的计算通过实验室岩电参数测试和阿尔奇公式可以计算得到.结合淮南某矿区三维三分量地震勘探和地球物理测井及岩样的岩电试验,实现了三维空间煤系地层孔隙含水体积百分比的精确计算.该预测方法与传统的、钻孔控制的地下水评价方法相比可以提供相对精细的、三维空间的、定量化的煤系地层孔隙相对含水量,对煤炭与煤层气资源开采中所涉及的地下水分布规律预测有一定的参考意义. 相似文献
19.
Navid Hosseini 《Journal of Seismology》2017,21(5):1101-1110
Rockburst is a typical dynamic disaster in underground coal mines which its occurrences relate to the mechanical quality of coal seam and surrounding rock mass and also the condition of stress distribution. The main aim of this paper is to study the potential of rockburst in a longwall coal mine by using of passive seismic velocity tomography and image subtraction technique. For this purpose, first by mounting an array of receivers on the surface above the active panel, the mining-induced seismic data as a passive source for several continuous days were recorded. Then, the three-dimensional tomograms using simultaneous iteration reconstruction technique (SIRT) for each day are created and by employing the velocity filtering, the overstressed zones are detected. In addition, the two-dimensional seismic velocity tomograms in coal seam level by slicing the three-dimensional tomograms are obtained. Then the state of stress changes in successive days by applying the image subtraction technique on these two-dimensional tomograms is considered. The results show that the compilation of filtered three-dimensional tomograms and subtracted images is an appropriate approach for detecting the overstressed zones around the panel and subsequent evaluation of rockburst potential. The research conclusion proves that the applied approach in this study in combination with field observations of rock mass status can effectively identify the rockburst-prone areas during the mining operation and help to improve the safety condition. 相似文献