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1.
研究讨论了云南强震活动的时空特征，指出区内Ｍ≥６．８级地震呈现活跃与平静；主体活动区东西交替及时空轮回迁移等特征。据此指出１９８８年云南地区进入了Ｍ≥６．８级地震强活跃期，主要体地在云南西部，１９９５－１９９７年存在发生６－７甚至７级以上地震的危险。 相似文献
2.
本文分析了１５００－１９９４年间中国大陆７级以上地震活动的时空分布特征，得出强弱活跃期相间交替出现，地震轮回内活跃期与一个轮回持续时间之比服从准黄金分割，活跃期具三幕式结构，一个活跃段一般仅有一个主体活动区、１－２个参与活动区等结论。据此分析认为，１９７７年后中国大陆已进入第四个轮回的相对平静期，并将持续３０年左右。 相似文献
3.
研究讨论了云南强震活动的时空特征，指出区内Ｍ≥６８级地震呈现活跃与平静；主体活动区东西交替及时空轮回迁移等特征。据此指出１９８８年云南地区进入了Ｍ≥６８级地震强震活跃期，主体地区在云南西部，１９９５—１９９７年存在发生６—７甚至７级以上地震的危险。同时讨论了孟连７３级地震前相关区地震活动，滇西北、滇西南有关ｂ值、小震频度、调制比异常等８种地震学异常的空间分布、时间进程等特征。特别指出了１９９４年９月至１９９５年５月滇西南地区Ｍ≥４７级地震形成的时空密集现象，及其在短临阶段对震级及地点方面判断的重要作用。 相似文献
4.
利用日本海区丰富的震史资料，研究了该区强震活动时一空变化的某些特征。并以此为据，将１９００年以来的地震活动划分了三个地震轮回。文中讨论了各幕的持续时间及其强震的频度分布，同时还分析了各轮回的强震地区分布，探讨了每个强震高潮主体活动区形成特点，这些结果可作为研究日本海区强震高潮到来和结束的标志以及为判断未来主体活动区等强震预测问题提供线索。此外，本文还分析了我国大陆强震高潮与日本海沟地震的相关关系。 相似文献
5.
中国大陆及周边地区1900年以来的地震活动特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
根据中国大陆及周边地区１９００年以来Ｍ≥６．９级地震资料,着重分析地震活动的时空分布特征。结果表明：研究区地震活动具有分区,分期特征,整个时段可划分为３个活跃期（幕）、第Ⅰ、Ⅱ活跃幕持续时间分别在３９和３２年左右,第Ⅲ活跃幕已持续了２２年,目前尚未结束,还可能延续１０－１７年左右;在时空域内,地震活动出现了分区集中和地区间的交替迁移以及平静与活跃的交替现象。每个活跃幕内,地震活动以多周期轮回的迁移 相似文献
6.
采用更加符合长期变形和震后短期变形的Burgers流变模型,模拟了华北地区1303年以来6.5级以上地震引起的同震和震后库仑应力演化.结合华北地区历史地震期幕活动特征,分析了不同活跃期之间、同一活跃期内不同地震之间的库仑应力加卸载效应.结果表明：华北地区不同活跃期的强震主体活动区受控于历史强震的库仑应力加载作用;每个活跃期内强震活动主体区在空间上的迁移与该活跃期内首个7.5级以上地震的触发作用有关;华北地区每个活跃期内强震活动在时间上表现出的"平静期—活跃警告期—高潮期—剩余释放期"应该是区域动力加载过程的一种表现.岩石圈流变松弛效应引起的库仑应力变化对华北地区强震活动时空演化有显著的促进作用.本研究讨论了库仑应力变化在华北地区历史地震活动时空演化过程中可能扮演的角色,为探索华北地区强震活动空间迁移和韵律特征蕴含的构造动力学过程,以及与之相关的地震危险性判定提供参考依据. 相似文献
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8.
本文应用1895年以来我国大陆地区7级和大于7级的强震资料,讨论了我国大陆强震活动的轮回特性,指出了我国大陆地区强震高潮的到来有一个发展过程,即经历强震活动的平静、增强及出现强震高潮三个幕。文中讨论了各幕的持续时间及其强震活动的频度和能量分布,同时还分析了各轮回中强震的地区分布,探讨了每个强震高潮的主体活动区的形成特点。这些结果可为研究我国大陆强震高潮到来和结束的标志及判断未来强震高潮的主体活动地区等强震预测问题提供线索。此外,本文还分析了我国大陆强震高潮与东北深震的相关关系等问题 相似文献
9.
本文论述了１９９４年９月１６日台湾海峡７．３级地震对中国地震大趋势所产生的可能影响。作者认为，这次地震应属于中国大陆板内地震，它可能标志着中国大陆及边邻地区７级以上地震从本世纪以来第五活动期（起始于１９８８年）的相对平静时段转入活跃时段并可能步入高潮。它打破了近十年来中国大陆７级地震只分布于青藏块体的格局，但并不意味着本期主体活动区（青藏块体及边邻）的改变；同时，这次地震标志着东南沿海地区进入新的地震活跃幕；台湾地区７级地震活动也将增强。 相似文献
10.
依据地震活动的层次性和有序性,分析了中国大陆及其邻区7级以上强震的时间结构,研究了地震幕内强震成组的规则性。给出了地震活动幕的三条判据,即高震级(Ma≥(7)1/2)、短时段(△t<6年)和低k值(K<10)。并由平静幕强震组的参数值判定其后地震活动幕首发强震的时间。 相似文献
11.
本文在分析新疆人口分布和强地震地理分布特点的基础上,得出人口在地震活动带上相对集中的结论。并根据新疆构造地貌特点和气候水文条件,对这一现象的产生作了初步探讨。 相似文献
12.
A consistent approach to the frequency analysis of hydrologic data in arid and semiarid regions, i.e. the data series containing several zero values (e.g. monthly precipitation in dry seasons, annual peak flow discharges, etc.), requires using discontinuous probability distribution functions. Such an approach has received relatively limited attention. Along the lines of physically based models, the extensions of the Muskingum‐based models to three parameter forms are considered. Using 44 peak flow series from the USGS data bank, the fitting ability of four three‐parameter models was investigated: (1) the Dirac delta combined with Gamma distribution; (2) the Dirac delta combined with two‐parameter generalized Pareto distribution; (3) the Dirac delta combined with two‐parameter Weibull (DWe) distribution; (4) the kinematic diffusion with one additional parameter that controls the probability of the zero event (KD3). The goodness of fit of the models was assessed and compared both by evaluation of discrepancies between the results of both estimation methods (i.e. the method of moments (MOM) and the maximum likelihood method (MLM)) and using the log of likelihood function as a criterion. In most cases, the DWe distribution with MLM‐estimated parameters showed the best fit of all the three‐parameter models. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
13.
M. A. J. van Montfort A. Otten 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1991,5(1):69-76
In the peak over threshold model resulting in the Extreme-value distribution, type I, (EV1) the firste of the distribution function is based on the Poisson number of exceedances, and the seconde arises from the Exponentially distributed magnitudes.This paper, on the one hand, generalises the Poisson model to the (positive and negative) Binomial distribution, and, on the other hand, the Exponential distribution is generalised to the Generalised Pareto distribution. Lack of fit with respect to the Poisson and Exponential distribution is measured by statistics derived from those which would be locally most powerful if the estimates of the location and scale parameter were equal to the true parameter values. Ways of combining both statistics are discussed. 相似文献
14.
《水文科学杂志》2013,58(4)
Abstract Abstract A new theoretically-based distribution in frequency analysis is proposed. The extended three-parameter Burr XII distribution includes the generalized Pareto distribution, which is used to model the exceedences over threshold; log-logistic distribution, which is also advocated in flood frequency analysis; and Weibull distribution, which is a part of the generalized extreme value distribution used to model annual maxima as special cases. The extended Burr distribution is flexible to approximate extreme value distribution. Note that both the generalized Pareto and generalized extreme value distributions are limiting results in modelling the exceedences over threshold and block extremes, respectively. From a modelling perspective, generalization might be necessary in order to obtain a better fit. The extended three-parameter Burr XII distribution is therefore a meaningful candidate distribution in the frequency analysis. Maximum likelihood estimation for this distribution is investigated in the paper. The use of the extended three-parameter Burr XII distribution is demonstrated using data from China. 相似文献
15.
A methodology based on the theory of stochastic processes is applied to the analysis of floods. The approach will be based on some results of the theory of extreme values over a threshold. In this paper, we focus on the estimation of the distribution of the flood volume in partial duration series analysis of flood phenomena, by using a bivariate exponential distribution of discharge exceedances and durations over a base level. 相似文献
16.
On the distribution of flood volume in partial duration series analysis of flood phenomena 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
V. Choulakian N. El-Jabi J. Moussi 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1990,4(3):217-226
A methodology based on the theory of stochastic processes is applied to the analysis of floods. The approach will be based on some results of the theory of extreme values over a threshold. In this paper, we focus on the estimation of the distribution of the flood volume in partial duration series analysis of flood phenomena, by using a bivariate exponential distribution of discharge exceedances and durations over a base level. 相似文献
17.
We have fitted field measurements of fracture spacings (from the vicinity of Lake Strom Thurmond, Georgia, U.S.A.) to the Weibull, Schuhmann and fractal distributions. The fracture spacings follow a fractal and Weibull distribution which implies that they were formed as a result of a repetitive fragmentation process. The limited variation of the fracture density with orientation in the study area suggests that the stress distribution generating these fractures may be uniform. 相似文献
18.
G. Mateu-Figueras V. Pawlowsky-Glahn C. Barceló-Vidal 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2005,19(3):205-214
There is a dearth of suitable models with which to adequately model compositional data sets, especially those which exhibit skewness after additive logratio-transformation. In order to address this deficit we propose the additive logistic skew-normal distribution, an extension to the additive logistic normal model on the simplex derived from the skew-normal distribution in real space. The purpose of this paper is to outline the potential of this distribution in the modelling of compositional data. We present its most important properties and use an example to exhibit the potential of this distribution. 相似文献
19.
VELOCITY FIELD AND RESISTANCE OF FLOW OVER ROUGH SURFACES WITH LARGE AND SMALL RELATIVE SUBMERGENCE 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Andreas DITTRICH Institut fuer Wasserbau und Kulturtechnik Universitet Karlsruhe Kaiserstr. Karlsruhe Germany Katinka KOLL Institut fuer Wasserbau und Kulturtechnik Universitet Karlsruhe Kaiserstr. Karlsruhe Germany 《国际泥沙研究》1997,(3)
LINTRODUCTIONPreciseknowledgeofthevelocityfieldandthecorrespondingresistanceofflowoverrollghsurfacesareofgreatimportanceformanypracticalproblemssuchastheestimationofthestabilitVofbedmaterialinerosiveriversortheremovalofaccumulatedfinesedimentfromthechannelandthelooseningofgravelbedmaterialbycontrolledreleaseofreservoirwater.Thelatterprocedure,calledflushingflows,isfrequentlyspecifiedtorestoreortomaintainaquatichabitat(WILCOCKetal.,1996).Dependingonwaterdepthhandroughnessheightk.(=equiv… 相似文献