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1.
光合细菌对盐碱地池塘浮游生物的影响   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
初步研究了在低洼盐碱地池塘中光合细菌(PSB)施用后对浮游生物的影响。研究结果表明:(1)光合细菌的施入,促进了浮游植物中蓝藻门、绿藻门、隐藻门、裸藻门的数量和生物量的增长;硅藻门总体上有所下降,但小型种属增加;(2)光合细菌的施入,促进了浮游生物中枝角类、轮虫,尤其小型轮虫的增长,而桡足类和原生动物却表现出下降趋势;(3)浮游生物总体上表现为数量增加而生物量下降,但绝大部分种属均有不同程度的增加,而且浮游生物种类趋向于小型化,从而增加了鱼类有效的天然饵料,因而光合细菌的施入,可以调整并优化盐碱地池塘的浮游生物的群落结构。  相似文献   

2.
大口鲇幼鱼摄食、生长及驯化的初步研究   总被引:15,自引:4,他引:15  
根据1991年1~12月的调查,陆水水库的浮游植物共8门118属,以绿藻、硅藻、蓝藻门的种类为主,占总属数的86.44%;浮游动物198种,其中原生动物38种、轮虫68种、枝角类61种、桡足类31种。浮游植物年平均数量和生物量分别为3.1449×10~6cell/L和1.937mg/L,数量以蓝藻、隐藻、硅藻最多,占总数量的91.33%,生物量以隐藻、硅藻、绿藻最大,占总生物量的85.03%,浮游植物初级毛产量为3.4gO_2/m~2·d。浮游动物年平均数量和生物量分别为2323.8ind/L和1.4837mg/L,数量以原生动物和轮虫最多,占96.89%,生物量以枝角类和桡足类为主,占79.94%.陆水水库浮游生物种类组成和现存量在不同的水域差异较大,季节变化明显。按水化学分析结果及浮游生物特征判定,陆水水库的营养类型为中营养型。还讨论了环境因子对水库浮游生物的影响。  相似文献   

3.
不同养殖类型池塘浮游生物群落结构的初步分析   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
谷孝鸿 《湖泊科学》1994,6(3):276-282
1988年在山东省禹城县渍涝洼地中选择四口鱼塘以不同放养类型进行试验,4—10月测定其浮游生物数量、生物量的变化。根据浮游生物各主要大类(如原生动物、轮虫以及蓝藻、绿藻、硅藻、隐藻和裸藻等)的变化,分析不同养殖类型池塘浮游生物群落结构变化的稳定性和同步性,同时分析了环境因子特别是生物营养物质的变化对浮游生物的影响。结果指出,肥水性鱼类在养殖池塘中因搭配比例的差异而导致池塘中浮游生物变化。  相似文献   

4.
汪财生  李共国 《湖泊科学》2006,18(6):643-648
本文调查了疏浚后杭州西湖(小型、浅水、富营养化湖泊)四个采样站(Ⅰ-Ⅳ)桡足类的密度、生物量和多样性指数,并对桡足类生物量与水质理化因子之间进行了相关分析.共发现桡足类9种,其中哲水蚤3种,剑水蚤6种.疏浚后,桡足类群落密度随着引水水流路程的加大而逐渐增大,多样性指数逐渐下降.桡足类群落丰度夏秋季明显大于冬春季.汤匙华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus dorrii)成体在营养水平较低的Ⅰ站(TLI=55.3)具有较大的密度和生物量,其分市沿着引流方向逐渐下降,而哲水蚤的桡足幼体则沿引流方向逐渐增加;粗壮温剑水蚤(Thermocyclops dybowskii)成体在营养水平较高的Ⅱ-Ⅳ站(TLI=62.7-63.5)具有较大的密度和生物量;疏浚使底柄种类猛水蚤(Harpacticoida)消失了.疏浚对哲水蚤密度分布分异的影响较大,对剑水蚤密度分布分异的影响较小.桡足类群落Ⅱ-Ⅲ站桡足类生物量随水体叶绿素a、高锰酸盐指数和总磷含量的升高而显著增加,随水体透明度的增大而显著下降.  相似文献   

5.
氮、磷等营养物质对低洼盐碱地鱼塘水质的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
高光  胡文英  李宽意 《湖泊科学》2001,13(4):345-350
通过在实验围隔中添加不同浓度的氮、磷等营养物质,对黄淮海平原低洼盐碱地鱼塘中的水质变化情况进行了初步研究,结果表明:1)围隔水体中异养细菌数量的变动,与水体中氮、磷等营养物质的浓度及比例密切相关,尤其是水体中磷的浓度对异养细菌数量的影响更为显著。2)围隔水体中的氮、磷等营养浓度及比率,明显地影响着其中藻类的数量和生物量。在实验条件下,水体中磷对藻类生长的影响要大于氮对藻类生长的影响,水体中N:P比为10:1左右是比较适宜藻类生长的比例。3)围隔水体中氮、磷等营养盐的去除能力与其中藻类的生物量及水体中N:P的比率密切相关,当围隔水体中的N:P比为10:1左右时,围隔水体中的藻类生长最好,生物量增加最快,相应地其对TN、TP的去除率也是最高的。  相似文献   

6.
太湖梅梁湾冬末春初浮游动物时空变化及其环境意义   总被引:20,自引:8,他引:12       下载免费PDF全文
根据1998年2-3月完全原庆湖梅梁湾地区水环境综合调查,对有关浮游动物时空情况进行了分析,这次调查共设7个点,湾口上的J2,J4与湾内的J6,J7均是分5层采样,共分无风,小风和大风3次天气过程,每次过程采集2到3次样品与记录。结果显示,太湖梅梁湾地区浮游生物中枝角类和桡足类的生物量与水温变化关系密切,水温越高,生物量越高,温度相同时,其生物量与透明度呈正比。  相似文献   

7.
三道河水库浮游生物现状及其鱼产力的估算   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文报道1990年对三道河水库浮游生物现存量和浮游植物初级生产量的凋查结果。经初步鉴定,该水库浮蝣植物有8门39属,其中以绿藻门种类最多,占总属数的49%,其次为蓝藻和硅藻;浮游动物为37属,其中原生动物12属,轮虫13属,枝角类7属,桡足类5属。经测算,三道河水库1990年4—10月浮游植物数量和生物量分别为1139ind./L和2.085mg/L,浮游动物数量和生物量则分别为1253ind./L和1.327mg/L。浮游植物初级毛生产量平均为3.950g O_2/m~2·d。根据估算,该水库鲢鳙鱼产力为15×10~4kg左右。  相似文献   

8.
太湖水体生态环境历史演变   总被引:57,自引:15,他引:57  
范成新 《湖泊科学》1996,8(4):297-304
根据1950 ̄1995年期间对太湖水体进行的各次综合性研究结果分析:太湖水质和营养程度大致每10 ̄15年上升一个级别,近期变化尤为明显CODMn含量35年来增加了136%,总磷近年来以9.9%速度上升,浮游藻类80年代以来一直以蓝藻和硅藻占优势,但种群数趋于减少,细胞数据增,局部水域蓝藻水华频发;浮游动物和底栖动物中耐污染类增多,枝角类、桡足类和环节动物、节肢动物数量则降低;鱼类种群数减少,银鱼捕  相似文献   

9.
东巢湖湖滨农田生态拦截沟中浮游植物群落结构   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
在巢湖市烔炀镇西宋村农田示范基地中建立生态拦截沟来处理农业生产排放的农业面源污水,就生态拦截沟中浮游植物丰度、生物量和群落结构进行了研究.实验历时6个月,研究中共检测到浮游植物9门48属75种.研究发现尽管农田生态拦截沟中的水生植被能有效削减水体中的氮、磷营养盐,但对浮游植物群落结构产生的影响不大.生态拦截沟中主要藻类为绿藻、蓝藻和硅藻,且出水口蓝藻所占比例较进水口有显著上升.生态拦截前后浮游植物优势种类的变化不大,主要为蓝藻门的铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)、绿藻门的微球衣藻(Chlamydomonas microsphaera)和硅藻门的孟氏小环藻(Cyclotell meneghiniana)等.藻类生物多样性研究表明生态拦截沟中的水体主要为清洁或寡污型水体,仅在夏季的7月份出现了轻微的水体污染.典型对应分析发现,TN/TP对浮游植物种类分布的解释度最高.同时,发现水体总磷的对数、总溶解磷的对数与藻类的生物量呈正比,而TN/TP与藻类的生物量呈反比.研究表明农田生态拦截沟尽管具有削减农业氮、磷营养盐面源污染的作用,但不能有效地降低水体中蓝藻的生物量.农业面源污水中的藻类营养盐限制主要为磷限制,削减农田径流中的磷含量是控制巢湖流域水体富营养化和遏制蓝藻水华的关键环节.  相似文献   

10.
水体氮、磷营养盐水平对蓝藻优势形成的影响   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
许海  陈洁  朱广伟  秦伯强  张运林 《湖泊科学》2019,31(5):1239-1247
以江苏省南京市富营养化程度不同的清溪、护城河、玄武湖、月牙湖、琵琶湖和前湖为研究对象,调查各水体浮游植物的群落特征和优势种,并结合藻类生长潜力试验,探究不同氮、磷营养水平的自然水体对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)和斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)生长与竞争的影响.野外调查发现不同营养水平水体浮游植物优势种不同,按水体富营养化程度从高到底依次以绿藻、蓝藻、硅藻和隐藻分别占优势.单一藻种培养时,铜绿微囊藻在清溪、护城河和玄武湖水体中生长均较好,而斜生栅藻仅在高氮、磷浓度的清溪和护城河水体中有较大生长量,说明斜生栅藻对氮、磷的需求高于铜绿微囊藻;两种藻共培养时,清溪水体中斜生栅藻占优势,护城河和玄武湖水体中铜绿微囊藻占优势,但其他水体中两种藻均不能生长,说明氮、磷浓度过高或过低都不利于蓝藻形成优势.对低营养水平的玄武湖、琵琶湖、月牙湖和前湖水体进行氮、磷加富后,两种藻均能较好地生长,且各组没有显著差异,说明藻类在这些水体中生长受到氮、磷的限制,氮、磷浓度升高会增加水华发生的风险.本研究将野外调查和藻类生长潜力实验相结合,深入探究了蓝藻优势形成与水体氮、磷营养水平的关系,揭示了蓝藻水华是湖泊富营养化发展到特定阶段的产物,水体氮、磷浓度过高或过低均不易产生蓝藻优势.  相似文献   

11.
河蟹生态养殖池浮游植物功能类群的结构特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为探究河蟹生态养殖池浮游植物群落的结构及动态,2013年4-10月对上海松江泖港地区河蟹养殖池的浮游植物进行了调查,分析其种类构成、密度、生物量和生物多样性.共检测到浮游植物105种,其中河蟹生态养殖池优势种11种,分别属于B、D、J、LO、X1、WO、X2、S1和MP功能群.河蟹养殖池浮游植物平均密度为282.58×10~4cells/L,平均生物量为1.59 mg/L,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数变化范围为2.11~3.09.水源浮游植物平均密度为175.13×104cells/L,平均生物量为0.99 mg/L,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数变化范围为1.70~2.79.河蟹养殖池浮游植物平均密度分别于5月14日-6月14日和7月29日-8月29日与水源差异显著;河蟹养殖池浮游植物平均生物量分别于5月30日、6月14日和7月29日-8月29日与水源差异显著;河蟹养殖池浮游植物Shannon-Wiener生物多样性指数分别于5月14日-6月14日和8月14日-9月15日与水源差异显著.河蟹养殖池浮游植物的平均密度、平均生物量和生物多样性指数与水源水体变化趋势基本一致,均高于水源,群落稳定.  相似文献   

12.
The community structure and fatty acid composition of plankton in broodstock ponds were studied at the Bishui Fisheries Company in the Liaoning Province, northeast China, between May and December 2002 and in March 2003. The Fatty acid analysis of bighead carp larvae and plankton in the fry pond occurred during June, July, and September 2002. The fatty acid composition of the plankton varied with seasonal changes in the community structure. When blue‐green algae dominated the broodstock ponds in spring and summer, the percentage of saturated fatty acids (SFA) (especially 16:0) was high. When diatoms and cryptophytes dominated in autumn and winter, the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (mainly n–3 PUFA) was high. Similarly, a high content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) occurred in autumn and winter when DHA‐rich copepods became an important group of zooplankton. In addition, environmental factors, especially water temperature, influenced the fatty acid composition of plankton. 16:0, DHA, and 18:1n–9 were dominant fatty acids of bighead carp larvae during ontogeny. 16:0, C18 unsaturated fatty acids, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were major fatty acids of plankton in the fry pond. Analysis of the relationship between the fatty acids of the larvae and those of plankton showed that the fatty acid profiles of the larvae did not always agree with those of plankton.  相似文献   

13.
安徽菜子湖浮游植物群落结构的周年变化(2010年)   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
2010年对菜子湖浮游植物群落结构进行了调查和分析,结果显示:(1)共鉴定浮游植物8门110属285种,不同月份浮游植物的种类组成存在极显著差异,3月份种类数最多,173种,1月份最少,105种.优势度分析显示:蓝藻存在全年高峰;硅藻存在1、5、9、11月的高峰;黄藻存在1、3、5月的高峰;绿藻存在11月的高峰,隐藻存在5月份的高峰;金藻存在1月份的高峰.不同月份浮游植物的细胞密度亦存在极显著差异,7月份最高,为(66.13±8.58)×105cells/L,1月份最低,为(12.78±0.61)×105cells/L,夏、秋季较高,冬、春季较低;不同月份浮游植物的生物量差异极显著,9月份最高,为2.80±0.17 mg/L,5月份最低,为0.72±0.03 mg/L.(2)Margalef丰度指数为1.51~3、Shannon-Weaver多样性指数为1.41~3.01、Pielou均匀度指数为0.39~0.66,各指数表现为冬、春季节大于夏、秋季节,3月份最高,7月份最低.(3)聚类分析的结果显示,月份不同影响因素不同,菜子湖水域浮游植物按群落结构特征的分组不同.(4)2007年相比,2010年浮游植物物种数有明显下降,由340种下降到285种,细胞密度明显上升,由(5.91±0.90)×105cells/L上升到(33.81±10.10)×105cells/L,群落结构变化较大,贫营养型和固着型藻类都有所减少,富营养型藻类、丝状藻类和浮游性藻类增多.  相似文献   

14.
Fish may affect macrobenthic communities through trophic interactions and modification of habitat conditions. We compared the density, diversity and taxonomic composition of larval chironomids under low vs high fish impact, created by stocking semi-natural ponds with either young/small common carp Cyprinus carpio at low biomass densities or with high biomass densities of older/large common carp, supplemented by other cyprinids and predatory fish species.Over the study season, May–August, total chironomid abundance was considerably lower in ponds with high fish biomass than in low fish biomass ponds. In July–August larval densities declined significantly, irrespective of the fish status of the ponds. The composition of larval communities diverged between ponds with different fish status. Chironomus riparius and C. plumosus accounted for most of the observed dissimilarity. C. plumosus densities were not affected by the fish status of the pond, constituting on average >38 % of chironomid specimens in both types of ponds. C. riparius was abundant in ponds with low fish biomass (on average 30 %), but rare in ponds with high fish biomass (4 %). Other common taxa were Glyptotendipes pallens (15 % and 13 %, respectively) and Procladius sp. (14 % in ponds with low fish impact). Canonical correspondence analysis showed that fish biomass was more important in determining chironomid community composition than environmental variables indicative of pond eutrophication (total N, P, chlorophyll a and conductivity).Despite adverse effects on total abundance, chironomid diversity was higher under apparently stronger trophic pressure by fish. Fish may have relieved some chironomid species from invertebrate predation and competition with dominant Chironomus larvae. Other important drivers of chironomid assemblage and diversity patterns may include species-specific feeding modes and prey size selectivity of fish, the ability of chironomid larvae to attain size- and depth-refuge from small fish but not larger fish, and differential vulnerability of free-living and tube-dwelling larvae relative to ontogenetic niche shifts of fish.  相似文献   

15.
Estimates of population size and biomass of net plankton were made in two tropical fish ponds in relation to the ecological data over a period of one year. There was a wide spatial and seasonal variation of population size and biomass of net plankton in two ponds studied. Always predominant over zooplankton, phytoplankton demonstrated three distinct annual peaks in the pond N-1 while a single peak was obtained in the pond N-2. A variable result was found in two ponds in the values of Shannon index of general diversity for phyto- and zooplankton. The seasonal changes of phytoplankton number in these ponds showed an inverse characteristic either with absolute concentration or with the rate of concentration changes of bicarbonate in the water, while the former and concentration of dissolved oxygen was positively correlated. In the multiple correlation analysis, the greatest importance of the concentration of PO4 was indicated on the phytoplankton population as HCO 3 and dissolved oxygen were not considered to be included in the final regression formula in both the ponds studied but the rate of changes of HCO 3 , PO4 and dissolved oxygen were influential on phytoplankton in the pond N-1.  相似文献   

16.
17.
The seasonal pattern of size-fractionated phytoplankton biomass, primary production and respiration was investigated along the longitudinal axis of the Nervión–Ibaizabal estuary (Bay of Biscay) from April 2003 to September 2004. Environmental factors influencing phytoplankton dynamics were also studied. Chlorophyll a biomass showed a longitudinal pattern of increase from the outer Abra bay to the inner estuary. On a seasonal scale, in the intermediate and inner estuary phytoplankton biomass maxima were registered in summer, the warmest and driest season, whereas in the outer bay chlorophyll a peaks occurred in May 2004, but were delayed to August 2003, likely due to a very rainy spring. Data suggest that river flow exerts a marked influence on the timing of phytoplankton biomass maxima in this estuary, decreased river flows providing a lowering of turbidity and an increase in water residence time needed for chlorophyll a to build up. Nutrient concentrations were high enough not to limit phytoplankton growth throughout the annual cycle, except silicate and occasionally phosphate in the outer bay during summer. Silicate concentration correlated positively with river flow, whereas ammonium and phosphate maximum values were generally measured in the mid-estuary, suggesting the importance of allochthonous anthropogenic sources. In the intermediate and inner estuary phytoplankton biomass was generally dominated by >8 μm size-fraction (ca. 60%), but in August 2003 <8 μm size-fraction increased its contribution in the intermediate estuary. It is argued that the lower nutrient concentrations measured in August 2003 than in August 2004 could have played a role. This is the first study in which phytoplankton primary production rates have been measured along the longitudinal axis of the Nervión–Ibaizabal estuary. Throughout the annual cycle these rates ranged from 0.001 to 3.163 g C m?3 d?1 and were comparable to those measured in nearby small estuaries of the Basque coast and other larger estuaries on the Bay of Biscay. Surface plankton community respiration rate maxima were measured during the spring 2004 chlorophyll a peak in the Abra bay and in summer months at the mid and inner estuary, coinciding with chlorophyll a biomass and primary production maxima. In general, respiration rates showed a positive correlation with temperature. In order to compare results from the Nervión–Ibaizabal estuary with other nearshore coastal and estuarine ecosystems within the Bay of Biscay a review of existing information on phytoplankton biomass and primary production dynamics was performed.  相似文献   

18.
2009年7月至2010年6月,以每月一次的频率对百花湖(水库)麦西河河口浮游植物群落结构和环境因子进行调查.监测到浮游植物66种(属),浮游植物主要由绿藻、硅藻和蓝藻组成,夏秋季湖泊假鱼腥藻(Pseudanabaena limnetica)为优势浮游植物,而冬春季梅尼小环藻(Cyclotella meneghinia...  相似文献   

19.
2001年9月和2002年8、9月对内蒙古锡林郭勒盟几个小型盐湖的浮游生物群落特征进行了研究调查.共检出浮游植物59种(属),优势种类为:线形粘杆藻、针晶蓝纤维藻、小席藻、微小平裂藻、舟形藻、绿裸藻、普通小球藻、盐生杜氏藻和衣藻等;浮游动物34种(属),优势种类为:膜袋虫、裸口虫、四膜虫、纤毛虫、褶皱臂尾轮虫、萼花臂尾轮虫、蒙古裸腹溞、卤虫、咸水北镖水蚤和新月北镖水蚤等.浮游植物生物量以达格尔淖最高,平均为166.56mg/L;其次是扎格斯台淖为106.77mg/L;再次是夏日淖和桑根达莱淖,分别为6.39mg/L和2.83mg/L,变动幅度较小.浮游动物生物量以桑根达莱淖最高,平均为24654mg/L,变动幅度较大;其次是扎格斯台淖为27.24mg/L,再次为夏日淖和达格尔淖,分别为12.01mg/L和2.76mg/L.文中讨论了内陆盐水浮游生物的种类组成、分布、生物量和盐度耐性与盐度、营养盐、碱度、pH及离子组成的关系等问题.  相似文献   

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