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Tarkeshwar Lal 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1970,82(1):259-269
Summary The theory of resistivity sounding on a three layer earth comprising an inhomogeneous interstratum has been presented. The electrical conductivity in the intermediate layer, embedded between two layers of uniform conductivity, is assumed to follow either generalised power law or exponential variation. A point source of current is placed on the surface. The electric potential functions on the ground surface have been obtained. The expressions for apparent resistivity over the above models for the Wenner and Schlumberger electrode configurations have been derived. 相似文献
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本文通过对横穿海拉尔盆地的一条长约222km的北西—南东向大地电磁测深剖面数据的定性分析及二维定量反演解释,首次获得了海拉尔盆地高精度大范围的电性结构图.海拉尔盆地中-上地壳电性结构纵向上具有典型的分层特性,总体可分为四层,即低阻层-高阻层-低阻层-高阻层,而横向上又具有分块特点.海拉尔盆地边缘及内部分布的众多断裂将盆地划分为隆起与坳陷相间的格局,并发现盆地内部坳陷区也存在有小规模凸起,每一构造单元内部电性结构各具特点.海拉尔盆地中-上地壳低阻层底面最深达28km,通常在6~16km之间,但厚度变化不大,在4~10km之间,且隆起区与坳陷区底面埋深差别较大.据电性结构模型推测出两条新断裂F8和F9,且断裂F9规模较大,为基底断裂.中-上地壳的低阻层可能在一定程度上控制着海拉尔盆地内油气田的分布格局. 相似文献
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Solutions are derived for the potential distributions over one-layer and two-layer random conductivity earth models for the direct current resistivity method. Monopole and Wenner arrays are considered. It is shown that the random potential due to a spatially stationary Gaussian random conductivity is also Gaussian but not spatially stationary. The ensemble and sample statistics of the random kernel and apparent resistivity are examined. Representative curves of these functions are presented to show the effects of a random conductivity profile on them. It is shown that the effect of the random nature of the conductivity profile on an apparent resistivity sounding curve is greatest for small electrode spacings. 相似文献
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It is proposed that the Straightforward Inversion Scheme (SIS) developed by the authors for 1D inversion of resistivity sounding and magneto-telluric sounding data can also be used in similar fashion for time-domain induced polarization sounding data. The necessary formulations based on dynamic dipole theory are presented. It is shown that by using induced polarization potential, measured at the instant when steady state current is switched off, an equation can be developed for apparent ‘chargeability–resistivity’ which is similar to the one for apparent resistivity. The two data sets of apparent resistivity and apparent chargeability–resistivity can be inverted in a combined manner, using SIS for a common uniform thickness layer earth model to estimate the respective subsurface distributions of resistivity and chargeability–resistivity. The quotient of the two profiles will give the sought after chargeability profile. A brief outline of SIS is provided for completeness. Three theoretical models are included to confirm the efficacy of SIS software by inverting only the synthetic resistivity sounding data. Then one synthetic data set based on a geological model and three field data sets (combination of resistivity and IP soundings) from diverse geological and geographical regions are included as validation of the proposal. It is hoped that the proposed scheme would complement the resistivity interpretation with special reference to shaly sand formations. 相似文献
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Introduction The method of apparent resistivity with direct current (DC) measurement, adopted from geophysical exploration, is one of the most important precursory approaches in earthquake prediction, in which the geo-electric constitutive model is illustrated by the scalar theory Archies law and correspondingly a set of calculation methods for apparent resistivity of layered media has been established (QIAN, et al, 1985; YAO, 1989). But this is not consistent with the fact that in earthqu… 相似文献
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An iterative refinement method for determining a layered resistivity model from a Schlumberger or Wenner sounding curve is adapted to determine a layered resistivity model by using apparent resistivity and phase derived from the magnetotelluric impedance. Magnetotelluric observations presented as a function of period are first converted to an approximate resistivity–depth profile using Schmucker's transformation and this is used to construct an initial guess (starting) model. A two-stage procedure is then invoked. Keeping resistivities constant, layer boundaries are first adjusted to give a minimum misfit between measured data and responses and this is followed by resistivity adjustments with fixed layer boundaries to reduce the misfit further. The method is illustrated by application to some synthetic data both exact and with added noise, to a real field data set and to some magnetotelluric profile data obtained in a survey over the Carnmenellis granites in south Cornwall. The method is validated by recovering conductivity models from the exact and noisy 1D synthetic data. For complicated three-dimensional data at a single site and along a profile of stations, the method is shown to produce acceptable solutions which may be used as starting models in further two- or three-dimensional studies. 相似文献
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在河北廊坊-天津大港一线部署了110 km的MT勘探剖面,通过资料远参考与Robust估算处理及反演解释,对剖面的构造维数及构造方向做了分析;揭示了冀中坳陷、沧县隆起、黄骅坳陷三个不同构造单元及边界接触关系;对地壳、上地幔电性构造层进行了划分和分析。MT成果显示岩石圈体现为纵向分层、横向分块的特征;沧东及大城断裂是区内重要的深大断裂,控制了隆起两侧坳陷的沉积和形成;断裂深部对应上地幔高导层的局部隆起,两侧存在中下地壳高导层的错动。 相似文献
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根据四川大足-福建泉州剖面的大地电磁测深结果,划分了低阻的中新生界、高阻的三叠系-古生界以及相对低阻的浅变质的元古界板溪群等;了解了一些岩体的底界深度,推断沅麻盆地5 km以下出现岩脉群. 武陵山重力梯度带附近,中下地壳至上地幔岩石层有很高的电阻率,它和梯度带的形成有关.华南褶皱系普遍存在壳内高导层,它和爆破地震所反映的壳内低速层的位置相近. 深部电性证明,华蓥山断裂带、茶陵断裂带和福安-南靖断裂带等是深、大断裂带. 上地幔岩石层在横向上具有不同的电阻率.软流层深度自西向东由120-150kin变化到76km,衡阳以东最深可达240km. 由软流层变化及断裂分布,认为扬子准地台和华南褶皱系两大构造单元的分界位于茶陵-永兴断裂附近. 相似文献
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The interpretation of vertical electrical sounding data can be facilitated by the application of the reciprocal geoelectric section. If an apparent resistivity field curve has a descending right end, the apparent resistivity curve of the reciprocal geoelectric section can be obtained by the application of linear filter theory; from this the total transverse resistance of the geoelectric section can be calculated without having to interpret the field curve. In addition, Orellana's auxiliary point method can now be extended to interpret three and four layer apparent resistivity curves of all types. This paper summarizes the properties of the resistivity transform curve, the apparent resistivity curve, and the apparent resistivity curve of the reciprocal geoelectric section, with several new applications. 相似文献
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Matrix equations are derived to transform the resistivity sounding data obtained in one type of a four-electrode array to the corresponding resistivity sounding data that would be obtained using a different four-electrode array. These expressions are based primarily on recent work in which we have established a linear relation between the apparent resistivity and the kernel function by using a powerful exponential approximation for the kernel function. It is shown that the resistivity sounding data of two different four-electrode arrays have a linear relation through an essentially non-singular matrix operator and, as such, one is derivable from the other for a one-dimensional model and it can also be extended to two-dimensions. Some numerical examples considering synthetic data are presented which demonstrates the efficiency of the method in such transformations. Two published field examples are also considered for transformation giving a reliable interpretation. 相似文献
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For curves over a horizontally stratified earth where any of the layers has a conductivity variation proportional to (1 +β·z)N, where β and N are arbitrary constants and z is the depth to the layer, expressions for apparent resistivity for Wenner and Schlumberger sounding are derived. No assumption has been made about the continuity of conductivity at the interface. It is shown that most of the previous investigations in this connection can be regarded as particular cases of the present study. 相似文献
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R.N. Edwards R.C. Bailey G.D. Garland 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1981,25(3):263-272
The indication from surface measurements of a zone of relatively high conductivity (resistivity<200 ohm-m) at depths between 20 and 50 km has become so general over the Earth that regions without this zone can be considered anomalous. However, the depths indicated often span the lower crust and the uppermost mantle, so that before any effect can be definitely attributed to one or the other, the depth resolution in the electromagnetic measurements must be carefully considered. This paper applies the eigenvector decomposition of generalized linear inverse theory to soundings by Schlumberger resistivity, by magnetotellurics, by man-made electromagnetic fields formed by controlled current flow in grounded electric transmission lines, and by natural magnetic field variation studies to improve the bounds on depth, thickness and conductivity of a conductive layer. It is shown that many of the methods are capable of giving the depth to the top of a conductor with remarkable accuracy. Joint inversion of two or more of them offers an advantage in the separation of thickness and conductivity of both conductive and resistive layers. Natural geomagnetic field transfer functions, while accurately mapping the position of the edge of a conductor, do not provide the resolution of the other techniques, largely because the frequencies that can be practically measured at present are much too low. 相似文献
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Zhao Guoze Zhan Yan Tang Ji Zhao Junmeng Jin Guangwen Deng Qianhui and Wang Jijun 《中国地震研究》2000,14(1):75-85
Magnetotelluric sounding data obtalned recently in Manas earthquake area were processed. Inthe result, curves of apparent resistivity, impedance Phase, skewness and optimum rotationangle versus period and the real magnetic induction vectors were obtained. Then the data ofall measuring points were interpreted by 2D automatic inversion. The result indicates thatalong the sounding profile the shallow crust can be divided into 5 segments and the deep crustcan be divided into 3 segments, with faults or deep-seated fault zones as the contactboundaries between them. The sedimentary cover along the profile extents down to depthabout 12 km in maximum and a low-resistivity body exists in the crust in southern section ofthe profile. The interpretation results are well consistent with geological and othergeophysical data. The Manas M7. 7 earthquake occurred near a contact zone where theelectrical structure of the crust sharply changes. 相似文献
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ELECTRICAL STRUCTURE OF THE 2017 MS7.0 JIUZHAIGOU EARTHQUAKE REGION AND THE EASTERN TERMINUS OF THE EAST KUNLUN FAULT 
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下载免费PDF全文 SUN Xiang-yu ZHAN Yan ZHAO Ling-qiang CHEN Xiao-bin LI Chen-xia SUN Jian-bao HAN Jing CUI Teng-fa 《地震地质》1979,42(1):182-197
The East Kunlun Fault is a giant fault in northern Tibetan, extending eastward and a boundary between the Songpan-Ganzi block and the West Qinling orogenic zone. The East Kunlun Fault branches out into a horsetail structure which is formed by several branch faults. The 2017 Jiuzhaigou MS7.0 earthquake occurred in the horsetail structure of the East Kunlun Fault and caused huge casualties. As one of several major faults that regulate the expansion of the Tibetan plateau, the complexity of the deep extension geometry of the East Kunlun Fault has also attracted a large number of geophysical exploration studies in this area, but only a few are across the Jiuzhaigou earthquake region. Changes in pressure or slip caused by the fluid can cause changes in fault activity. The presence of fluid can cause the conductivity of the rock mass inside the fault zone to increase significantly. MT method is the most sensitive geophysical method to reflect the conductivity of the rock mass. Thus MT is often used to study the segmented structure of active fault zones. In recent years MT exploration has been carried out in several earthquake regions and the results suggest that the location of main shock and aftershocks are controlled by the resistivity structure. In order to study the deep extension characteristics of the East Kunlun Fault and the distribution of the medium properties within the fault zone, we carried out a MT exploration study across the Tazang section of the East Kunlun Fault in 2016. The profile in this study crosses the Jiuzhaigou earthquake region. Other two MT profiles that cross the Maqu section of East Kunlun Fault performed by previous researches are also collected. Phase tensor decomposition is used in this paper to analyze the dimensionality and the change in resistivity with depth. The structure of Songpan-Ganzi block is simple from deep to shallow. The structure of West Qinlin orogenic zone is complex in the east and simple in the west. The structure near the East Kunlun Fault is complex. We use 3D inversion to image the three MT profiles and obtained 3D electrical structure along three profiles. The root-mean-square misfit of inversions is 2.60 and 2.70. Our results reveal that in the tightened northwest part of the horsetail structure, the East Kunlun Fault, the Bailongjiang Fault, and the Guanggaishan-Dieshan Fault are electrical boundaries that dip to the southwest. The three faults combine in the mid-lower crust to form a "flower structure" that expands from south to north. In the southeastward spreading part of the horsetail structure, the north section of the Huya Fault is an electrical boundary that extends deep. The Tazang Fault has obvious smaller scale than the Huya Fault. The Minjiang Fault is an electrical boundary in the upper crust. The Huya Fault and the Tazang Fault form a one-side flower structure. The Bailongjiang and the Guanggaishan-Dieshan Fault form a "flower structure" that expands from south to north too. The two "flower structures" combine in the high conductivity layer of mid-lower crust. In Songpan-Ganzi block, there is a three-layer structure where the second layer is a high conductivity layer. In the West Qinling orogenic zone, there is a similar structure with the Songpan-Ganzi block, but the high conductivity layer in the West Qinling orogenic zone is shallower than the high conductivity layer in the Songpan-Ganzi block. The hypocenter of 2017 MS7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake is between the high and low resistivity bodies at the shallow northeastern boundary of the high conductivity layer. The low resistivity body is prone to move and deform. The high resistivity body blocked the movement of low resistivity body. Such a structure and the movement mode cause the uplift near the East Kunlun Fault. The electrical structure and rheological structure of Jiuzhaigou earthquake region suggest that the focal depth of the earthquake is less than 11km. The Huya Fault extends deeper than the Tazang Fault. The seismogenic fault of the 2017 Jiuzhaigou earthquake is the Huya Fault. The high conductivity layer is deep in the southwest and shallow in the northeast, which indicates that the northeast movement of Tibetan plateau is the cause of the 2017 Jiuzhaigou earthquake. 相似文献
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晋冀蒙交界及附近地区小极距井下地电阻率观测装置设计 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为提升2022年北京冬奥会期间地电阻率测项的震情保障能力,将对晋冀蒙交界及附近区域的宝昌、集宁、阳原、大同、代县、临汾、通州和平谷8个台站在原有观测基础上增加具有全空间性质的小极距井下地电阻率观测。本文根据台站钻孔岩芯剖面和电测深数据反演测区水平层状电性结构,利用介质对地电阻率观测的影响系数方法,计算影响系数随极距和埋深的变化,选择合适的极距和埋深,使浅层介质对地电阻率观测的影响尽可能小,使目标层位对观测的贡献尽可能大,减少浅层介质对观测的影响。由此得出了各台站观测极距及埋深等装置系数,在此基础上完成了8个台站观测装置的方案设计。 相似文献
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在横跨鄂尔多斯盆地西缘构造带北段的查甘池—银川—五湖洞约200 km长的东西向剖面上,进行了67个测点的大地电磁探测.使用“远参考道”和Robust技术处理数据.分析了各测点视电阻率、阻抗相位、二维偏离度、电性主轴方位角、磁实感应矢量等参数,采用NLCG二维反演方法对TE和TM两种模式的数据进行了二维反演.得到的二维电性结构表明,沿剖面查汗断裂带、贺兰山东缘断裂带和黄河断裂带是明显较大型电性边界,为超壳断裂带,而三关口断裂带深部延深不大.沿剖面阿拉善地块、贺兰山褶皱带、银川断陷盆地和鄂尔多斯地块具有明显不同的深部电性结构特征.阿拉善地块内部除浅表电阻率较低外,以下到深度约50 km都表现为高电阻特性.贺兰山褶皱带电性结构复杂,电阻率高低相间.银川盆地具有上宽下窄最深达约8 km低阻层,具有断陷盆地特征.鄂尔多斯地块具有低-高-低的深部电性结构特征,成层性较明显. 相似文献