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1.
为了查明单一生态系统下表土中高等植物来源长链正构烷烃单体氢同位素（δ^13Cn-alkanes）的变化特征,从华北张家口市万全县大麻坪玄武岩风化壳随机采集了12个表层土壤样品,用来分析其长链正构烷烃分子组成特征及其单体碳（δ^13Cn-alkanes）、氢同位素,同时分析了其总有机质碳同位素（TOC,δ^13Cn）变化.结果表明δ^13Cn和来源于陆生高等植物的4个代表性的占优势地位的长链正构烷烃（n-C27,n-C29,n-C31,n-C33）的13Cn-alkanes在这12个样品中都非常稳定,仅有很小的变化幅度,这两类碳同位素数据均表明其上覆植被的光合作用类型构成非常均一,可以视为由纯C3草本植物构成.相应的这4个主要长链正构烷烃的Dn-alkanes变化幅度比较大,整体而言,相对丰度越高的同族体分子,其Dn-alkanes更为偏负,且其变化幅度更小.然而,这4个主要长链正构烷烃加权平均Dn-alkanes值约30‰的变化幅度小于先前研究当中报道的同一地点不同现代陆生C3草本植物之间长链正构烷烃Dn-alkanes值的变化幅度,甚至小于同一植物种长链正构烷烃Dn-alkanes值的季节变化幅度.由于表土和沉积物中长链正构烷烃来源上的相似性,即它们都来源于多种植物的混合,因此,我们的结果对于沉积物,尤其是其有机质为原地植物来源的陆相沉积物的长链正构烷烃单体氢同位素组成的古气候、古环境、古水文信息的精确解译,具有一定的参考价值. 相似文献
2.
水生植物是湖泊沉积物中内源有机质的主要来源,但目前研究者对水生植物正构烷烃和脂肪酸分布特征的研究有限,极大地限制了湖泊沉积物同位素地球化学在环境变化研究中的应用.文章总结了全球湖泊已报道水生植物脂类结果,结合在中国主要湖泊新获得的脂类数据,系统讨论了湖泊水生植物脂类分布特征.我们发现水生植物基本以中等链长脂类(C_(23)～C_(25)正构烷烃和C_(22)～C_(24)脂肪酸)为主峰碳,与陆生植物存在差别(以长链脂类为主峰碳),但一些水生植物样品的长链正构烷烃(如C_(27)和C_(29))和长链脂肪酸(如C_(26)和C_(28))也具有较高丰度.沉水植物具有较高含量的长链正构烷烃(平均47μg g~(-1))和长链脂肪酸(平均170μg g~(-1)),与陆生植物脂类含量接近,表明当湖泊中沉水植物大量生长时,其可能对沉积物的长链脂类存在较大贡献.但藻类长链正构烷烃和长链脂肪酸的含量较低(平均含量分别为2和9μg g~(-1)),表明其对沉积物长链脂类的影响可能较小.通过对水生植物和陆生植物脂类分子指标进行比较,我们发现ACL_(14-32)和ATR_(14-18)值能有效将藻类和其他植物来源的脂肪酸区分开,Paq′值能很好地将沉水植物和陆生植物来源的正构烷烃区分开.每个水生植物样品不同奇碳数正构烷烃(C_(21)～C_(31))和不同偶碳数脂肪酸(C_(20)～C_(30))分子间δD值无明显差别,表明湖泊沉积物脂类分子间δD值的差异可能具有区分其输入来源,以及反映湖泊水文条件的潜力. 相似文献
3.
长江故道底栖动物群落特征及资源衰退原因分析 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
选取青藏高原南北断面气候环境条件差异明显的大枪勇错、空姆错、纳木错、克鲁克湖和小柴达木湖的表层沉积物进行了陆源正构烷烃（C25-C31）的提取分析．通过将这些生物标志物δD值与源区生长季节大气降水国值进行比较,发现两者有很好的相关性．说明陆源沉积正构烷烃记录了生长季节降水同位素信号正构烷烃n-C25、n-C27与大气降水间氢同位素分馏在-45‰至-70‰之间,而n-C29、n—C31与大气降水间氧同位素分馏在-70‰至-95‰之间,沿青藏高原南北断面分馏恒定,分馏平均值分别是-57‰和-82‰通过对比欧洲断面的-130‰分馏值,可以看出青藏高原南北断面陆源沉积正构烷烃与大气降水间表观同位素分馏小很多。 相似文献
4.
基于多指标分析的博斯腾湖表层沉积物有机碳来源 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过有机碳稳定同位素(δ13Corg)、有机碳、氮含量及其比值(C∶N)的测定,结合已有的正构烷烃空间分布特征数据,对新疆博斯腾湖表层沉积物的有机碳来源进行综合研究.结果表明:博斯腾湖表层沉积物δ13Corg值在-26.7‰~-24.1‰之间波动,变幅较小;C∶N的波动范围为4.8~8.5,平均值约为7.4;正构烷烃的碳数分布范围为n C13~n C35,所有采样点样品的主峰碳以n C17和n C23为主.参考博斯腾湖文献调查资料,基于δ13Corg值、C∶N及正构烷烃等指标的空间分布状况,发现博斯腾湖表层沉积物中的有机碳主要来自湖泊内部浮游生物的残体;而不同湖区沉积物有机碳的内、外源贡献比例不同,其中陆源碎屑、挺水植物、沉水植物的贡献空间差异较大.博斯腾湖有机碳来源的空间差异主要表现在湖泊东部近岸水域表层沉积物有机碳主要为外源贡献,中心湖泊东部和西部浅水区表层沉积物有机碳由外源和内源共同贡献,而其余大部分水域表层沉积物有机碳则主要为内源贡献. 相似文献
5.
湖泊沉积物中正构烷烃氢同位素组成(δD)广泛应用于古环境变化研究,但其正构烷烃通常包含多种植物来源,使其作为环境和气候指标进行解释时面临许多挑战.我们系统调查了青藏高原地区15个湖泊中51个沉水植物(包括39个眼子菜、1个狐尾藻和11个川蔓藻),13个藻类(包括5个轮藻、3个刚毛藻和5个水绵)以及20个湖边陆生植物(包括10个灌木和10个草本植物)正构烷烃的δD值.结果表明:藻类和沉水植物C29正构烷烃δD值与湖水δD值显著正相关(藻类:R~2=0.85,p0.01,n=9;沉水植物:R~2=0.90,p0.01,n=25),表明这些藻类和沉水植物正构烷烃的δD值反映了湖水δD值的变化.不同种属的藻类和沉水植物,以及不同水文条件下生长的同一种属植物,其氢同位素分馏值(ε_(a/w))并不稳定,表明生物合成和环境条件(如盐度)可能会影响藻类和沉水植物的δD值.希里沟湖(封闭湖)中川蔓藻的δD值显著偏正于其湖边草本植物的δD值(one-way ANOVA,p0.01),但可鲁克湖(开放湖)中的轮藻植物与其湖边草本植物的δD值接近(one-way ANOVA,p=0.8260.05),表明干旱半干旱地区湖泊中藻类和沉水植物仅在封闭湖记录了湖水相对于大气降水富集δD值的信号.对每一个藻类和沉水植物样品,不同碳数正构烷烃δD值无明显差别,表明结合Paq和平均链长(ACL)等指标,不同碳数正构烷烃δD值的差值能帮助我们判断沉积物中正构烷烃的植物来源,及分析古湖泊盆地的沉积类型(开放沉积或封闭沉积). 相似文献
6.
对位于大兴安岭中北段四方山天池全新世以来湖泊沉积物中正构烷烃的分布特征及其单体碳同位素组成进行了讨论分析.结果表明,正构烷烃碳数分布范围为nC_(17)~nC_(33),绝大多数样品具有单峰型的分布特征,少数样品呈现双峰型分布特征,单峰型以nC_(27)为主峰,双峰型分布中前峰群以nC_(21)为主峰、后峰群以nC_(27)为主峰;短链正构烷烃(nC_(21))奇偶优势不明显,中链(n C23~n C25)和长链正构烷烃(nC_(27))具有明显的奇碳优势;正构烷烃的分布特征揭示四方山天池湖泊沉积物中的有机质来源于陆生植物和水生植物的共同输入,并以陆生植物贡献为主.全新世以来,四方山天池湖泊沉积物中长链正构烷烃单体碳同位素值(δ~(13)C_(27~31))逐渐偏负,与太阳辐射的变化表现出明显的一致性,表明在轨道尺度上该区域的有效湿度的逐渐增加主要受太阳辐射的控制,湖泊水位的变化则既受到西太平洋副热带高压和鄂霍次克海高压相对位置的影响,又受到东南季风和东北季风势力强弱的制约.根据多种气候代用指标的变化,全新世以来四方山天池湖泊环境及其区域气候演化可以划分为5个阶段:(1)11.2-8.0 ka BP:区域有效湿度较低,陆生C_3植物中木本植物比例略有增加,湖泊水位频繁波动,湖泊初级生产力下降,湖泊营养状态发生贫化;(2)8.0-6.4 ka BP:区域有效湿度增加,陆生C_3植物中草本植物比例略有增大,湖泊水面收缩、水位下降,湖泊初级生产力变化不大,湖泊营养状态较为稳定;(3)6.4-3.4 ka BP:区域有效湿度比上一阶段更高,陆生C_3植物中木本植物扩张,草本植物比例相对收缩,湖泊水位上升、水面扩大,湖泊初级生产力增加,湖泊营养状态发生好转;(4)3.4-2.4 ka BP:区域有效降水量继续增加,陆生C_3植物中草本植物比例升高,湖泊水位下降、水面收缩,湖泊初级生产力下降,湖泊营养状态发生贫化;(5)2.4-0.9 ka BP:区域有效湿度较高,陆生C_3植物中木本植物逐渐增加,湖泊水位上升、水面扩张,湖泊初级生产力增加,湖泊营养状态有所好转.四方山天池湖泊沉积物所记录的全新世以来区域气候环境演化历史,既与中国东北地区其他高分辨率气候记录有较好的一致性,也存在着差异性,表现出独有的区域气候特征. 相似文献
7.
8.
青藏高原雪冰中正构烷烃的组成特征及其环境意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了青藏高原的祁连山七一冰川、东昆仑山玉珠峰冰川、唐古拉山小冬克玛底冰川以及念青唐古拉山羊八井地区古仁河口冰川雪冰样品中自然来源和人类活动排放产生正构烷烃的含量变化及其分子组合特征。结果表明,正构烷烃的含量从青藏高原东北部到南部依次减小,与高原南部的达索普冰川、阿尔泰山的Belukha冰川和Sofiyskiy冰川没有数量级上的差别,但是都高于格陵兰冰芯记录,表明亚洲大陆冰川雪冰中人为来源和自然来源的正构烷烃具有比格陵兰冰芯较高的负载量。正构烷烃的分布特征表明,它们主要来自高等植物蜡和化石燃料燃烧的产物,低等生物贡献很小。生物来源的正构烷烃在总正构烷烃中的百份含量低于人类活动排放产生,表明快速的工业化发展已经影响到青藏高原冰川中有机污染物的组成变化。从青藏高原中南部到东北部,∑nC21^-／∑nC22^＋和（nC15＋nC17＋nC19）／（nC27＋nC29＋nC31）的比值依次降低,正构烷烃的碳优势指数（Carbon Preference Index,CPI）值逐渐升高（玉珠峰受人为影响严重除外）,说明从高原中南到东北部,高等植物和陆生植物的贡献增大,海洋中的菌藻类低等生物和水生生物贡献减小。 相似文献
9.
我国西南地区湖泊众多,利用湖泊沉积物已开展了大量全新世植被、降水、温度和水位等的重建工作.然而,代用指标的季节性差异和气候演变的区域差异使得不同代用指标和地区重建的古气候结果存在较大差异,需要更多可靠记录来相互佐证和构建我国西南地区气候变化的详细图景.本文以云南抚仙湖FXH-6钻孔沉积物为研究对象,对正构烷烃和色度指标作了分析,在厘清其来源及环境指示意义的基础上,重建过去近5000年抚仙湖有机质的来源和湖泊水位的变化,探讨了湖泊环境变化与区域气候变化的关系.结果表明,抚仙湖沉积物中正构烷烃n-C23和n-C31可有效指示内源沉水植物和外源陆生植物.近5000年抚仙湖湖泊环境经历了3个阶段:在5000—2300 cal a BP阶段,沉水植物广泛分布,湖泊水位处于高位;在2300—2000 cal a BP阶段,抚仙湖沉积环境快速变化,内源沉水植物生物量锐减,水位快速下降;2000 cal a BP至今,沉水植物生物量持续减少,湖泊水位保持低水位;同时,人类活动也影响了该阶段(2000 cal a BP至今)陆源植物的输入.本研究重建的抚仙湖持续降低的水位变化和湖泊生产力趋势与过去5000年西南地区的年平均温逐渐降低、年平均降水量逐渐减小的总体趋势相对应,表明区域气候变化是湖泊沉积环境变化的主要驱动力. 相似文献
10.
通过测定抚仙湖沉积物全有机样品的稳定碳同位素组成(δ~(13)C_(org))、总氮、总有机碳含量指标并计算碳氮比值,对过去5000 a以来抚仙湖沉积物有机质来源、δ~(13)C_(org)的影响因素及其所指示的古环境意义进行分析.结果表明:在过去的5000 cal a BP里,抚仙湖沉积物有机质主要来源发生明显变化,沉积物有机质输入由内源水生生物和陆生C_3植物共同输入(5000-2300 cal a BP阶段)转变为以内源沉水植物、浮游植物和藻类等输入为主(2000 cal a BP至今阶段);有机质来源发生变化是造成抚仙湖沉积物δ~(13)C_(org)值变化的主要原因;2000 cal a BP以来,陆源有机质输入的锐减与人类活动的影响密切相关;在2300-2000 cal a BP阶段,抚仙湖沉积物δ~(13)C_(org)值的快速变化可能指示了抚仙湖流域的古环境在这一时期经历了快速变化的气候事件. 相似文献
11.
Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments of Santos and Cananéia, SP, Brazil. 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Sediment samples from Santos and Cananéia, S?o Paulo Brazil were analysed by GC-FID and GC-MS for aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in order to gather information on the degree of contamination by oil and other biogenic contributions. Concentrations of total n-alkanes in Santos varied from 1.05 to 4.29 microg g(-1) and aromatic hydrocarbons from 0.08 to 42.39 microg g(-1). In Cananéia total n-alkanes varied from 4.37 to 157.90 microg g(-1). However, aromatic hydrocarbons were not detected. In Cananéia n-alkanes of terrestrial plants with high molecular weight predominate (n-C25, n-C27, n-C29, n-C31 and n-C33). In Santos, a more uniform distribution of the n-alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons was found at all the sediment stations. The hydrocarbon data from stations close to the Saboó Wharf, at Alemoa and in the COSIPA Channel revealed alarming levels of acenaphthylene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene and chrysene. 相似文献
12.
Sediment samples from the marine systems along the coast of China, covering Yellow Sea, inner shelf of the East China Sea (ECS) and the South China Sea (SCS), were analyzed for n-alkanes and organic carbon. The concentrations of Σn-C(15-35) were 120-1680ngg(-1) dry weight with an average of 560ngg(-1). Short-chain n-alkanes (C(21)) were mainly derived from terrestrial higher plants. Organic carbon deposited into Yellow Sea and Southeast Hainan within the SCS was mainly of terrestrial (13-110%; mean: 58%) and marine (48-110%; mean: 86%) sources, respectively. On the other hand, organic carbon accumulated in the SCS adjacent to the Pearl River Estuary was derived from both terrestrial and marine sources. 相似文献
13.
Wang YongLi Fang XiaoMin Bai Yan Xi XiaoXia Zhang XiZheng Wang YouXiao 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(4):600-612
Total 26 modern soil samples were collected from various regions under different climate conditions from tropical to arid temperate in China and systematically analyzed for their organic matters by GC/MS in order to evaluate climatic impacts on soil organic components. Abundant lipids molecules were recognized, including n-alkanes, n-alkenones, and long-chain branched alkanes. We find the predominance of main peaks of long-chain n-alkanes (nC29,nC31,nC33) and short-chain ones(nC16,nC17,nC18) records information of soil generation in warm-humid and cold-dry regions. The proportion of n-alkanes(nC16 nC17 nC18)to(nC29 nC31 nC33)varies in good agreement with moisture-heat conditions and thus probably can serve as a new index for climate change. The ratios of C21-/nC22 ,nC17/nC31 and (nC15 nC17 nC19)/(nC27 nC29 nC31)of n-alkanes, indicating respectively input ratios of lower bacterial alga, aquatic organisms, and higher plants and terraneous organisms, co-vary well in different climate regions from forest to grassland and desert, suggesting that they have also reflected the difference of climates between monsoon region and inland one. The C21-/C22 ratio of n-alkan-2-one records largely the discrepancy of temperature from north to south of China bordered by the Qinling Mountains, but less humidity. The C21-/C22 ratio of n-alkan-3-ones changes well with climatic factors, such as temperature and humidity. The biogenic source of series A-D long-chain branched alkanes may be derived from some kinds of special epiphyte that most likely live in weak oxic-anoxic and moisture-heat environments, suggesting their distribution record as well some information on climatic change. All these researches demonstrate that the distributions of lipids molecules in modern soils in China record well signals of climates from quite different climatic regions, and can serve as important climatic proxies to reveal climatic change over China. 相似文献
14.
Total 26 modern soil samples were collected from various regions under different climate conditions from tropical to arid temperate in China and systematically analyzed for their organic matters by GC/MS in order to evaluate climatic impacts on soil organic components. Abundant lipids molecules were recognized, including n-alkanes, n-alkenones, and long-chain branched alkanes. We find the predominance of main peaks of long-chain n-alkanes (nC29,nC31,nC33) and short-chain ones(nC16,nC17,nC18) records information of soil generation in warm-humid and cold-dry regions. The proportion of n-alkanes(nC16+nC17+nC18)to(nC29+nC31+nC33)varies in good agreement with moisture-heat conditions and thus probably can serve as a new index for climate change. The ratios of C21-/nC22+,nC17/nC31 and (nC15+nC17+nC19)/(nC27+nC29+nC31)of n-alkanes, indicating respectively input ratios of lower bacterial alga, aquatic organisms, and higher plants and terraneous organisms, co-vary well in different climate regions from forest to grassland and desert, suggesting that they have also reflected the difference of climates between monsoon region and inland one. The C21-/C22+ ratio of n-alkan-2-one records largely the discrepancy of temperature from north to south of China bordered by the Qinling Mountains, but less humidity. The C21-/C22+ ratio of n-alkan-3-ones changes well with climatic factors, such as temperature and humidity. The biogenic source of series A-D long-chain branched alkanes may be derived from some kinds of special epiphyte that most likely live in weak oxic-anoxic and moisture-heat environments, suggesting their distribution record as well some information on climatic change. All these researches demonstrate that the distributions of lipids molecules in modern soils in China record well signals of climates from quite different climatic regions, and can serve as important climatic proxies to reveal climatic change over China. 相似文献
15.
《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,(4)
Total 26 modern soil samples were collected from various regions under different climate conditions from tropical to arid temperate in China and systematically analyzed for their organic matters by GC/MS in order to evaluate climatic impacts on soil organic components. Abundant lipids molecules were recognized, including n-alkanes, n-alkenones, and long-chain branched alkanes. We find the pre- dominance of main peaks of long-chain n-alkanes (nC29, nC31, nC33) and short-chain ones (nC16, nC17, nC18) records information of soil generation in warm-humid and cold-dry regions. The proportion of n-alkanes (nC16 nC17 nC18) to (nC29 nC31 nC33) varies in good agreement with moisture-heat conditions and thus probably can serve as a new index for climate change. The ratios of C21-/nC22 , nC17/nC31 and (nC15 nC17 nC19) / ( nC27 nC29 nC31) of n-alkanes, indicating respectively input ratios of lower bacterial alga, aquatic organisms, and higher plants and terraneous organisms, co-vary well in different climate regions from forest to grassland and desert, suggesting that they have also reflected the difference of climates between monsoon region and inland one. The C21-/C22 ratio of n-alkan-2-one records largely the discrepancy of temperature from north to south of China bordered by the Qinling Mountains, but less humidity. The C21-/C22 ratio of n-alkan-3-ones changes well with climatic factors, such as tem- perature and humidity. The biogenic source of series A-D long-chain branched alkanes may be derived from some kinds of special epiphyte that most likely live in weak oxic-anoxic and moisture-heat envi- ronments, suggesting their distribution record as well some information on climatic change. All these researches demonstrate that the distributions of lipids molecules in modern soils in China record well signals of climates from quite different climatic regions, and can serve as important climatic proxies to reveal climatic change over China. 相似文献
16.
巢湖沉积物柱样中正构烷烃初探 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
对巢湖湖心沉积物柱样样品的正构烷烃和有机碳进行了分析，利用正构烷烃碳数分布类型、L／H、OEP指标和有机碳数据，对该区近110年来正构烷烃的来源进行初步探讨。研究结果表明：21-25cm和16-20cm处正构烷烃以高等植物和低等生物输入并重；11．15cm即1952-1967年处具有外源性石油污染；从10cm开始，正构烷烃以细菌、藻类为代表的低等生物输人为主；尤其是1-5cm样品正构烷烃和TOC含量明显高值，表明该时期湖泊富营养化加剧。 相似文献
17.
Latitudinal variations of CPI values of long-chain n-alkanes in surface soils:Evidence for CPI as a proxy of aridity 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Carbon preference index (CPI) of long-chain n-alkanes preserved in surface soil increases gradually from southeastern China to the north margin of Loess Plateau.Along this latitudinal transect,the CPI value correlates to relative humidity,precipitation,and temperature with a negative linear relationship,respectively,whereas the correlation of CPI to temperature is relatively weak.In the Wuyi,Shennongjia,and Tianshan Mountains,CPI values do not change systemically with altitude increasing (or temperature decreasing).However,mean value of CPI for the individual mountain increases in turn from the humid mountain to the arid.These results jointly suggest that aridity (or humidity) is a dominate climate factor in altering soil CPI value.High CPI values of geological records therefore indicate the arid paleoclimate.Though long-chain n-alkanes in soil are derived mainly from leaf wax of terrestrial vascular plants,the regular latitudinal variations of soil CPI might not be caused by the change of vegetation.We speculate that increased long-chain n-alkanes from microbes and/or enhanced biodegradation in the humid climate lead to the decrease of soil CPI. 相似文献
18.
Hydrocarbons in sediments of a chronically contaminated bay: the challenge of source assignment 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Wagener Ade L Meniconi Mde F Hamacher C Farias CO da Silva GC Gabardo IT Scofield Ade L 《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(2):284-294
Aliphatic hydrocarbons and 39 PAH (parental and alkylated homologs) determined in ca. 100 sediment samples from the Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, were evaluated for source discrimination using new approaches. Concentrations of total PAH were in the range of 96-135,000 μg kg(-1) similar to other coastal urbanized embayment. Traditional diagnostic ratios were not as efficient PAH source indicators, e.g. biomass combustion was assigned as the major source of the pyrolytic PAH although the hydrographic basin is highly industrialized and urbanized. It is proved petrogenic imprint cannot be detected if only the 16 USEPA PAH are determined. The high production in the eutrophic system is not apparent in the aliphatic fraction dominated by land derived n-alkanes due to the effectiveness of microbial degradation. The present work demonstrates the complexity of hydrocarbon forensics when applied to chronically contaminated environments. 相似文献
19.
Molecular fossil and paleovegetation records of paleosol S4 and adjacent loess layers in the Luochuan loess section, NW China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Zhang HuCai Yang MingSheng Zhang WenXiang Lei GuoLiang Chang FengQin Pu Yang Fan HongFang 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,51(3):321-330
Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique, a series of biomarkers were identi- fied, including n-alkanes, n-alkane-2-ones, isoprenoid etc. from the loess-paleosol samples collected from the S4 and adjacent L5, L4 of the Luochuan loess section, Northwestern China. Based on these data, especially n-alkanes and high-resolution magnetic susceptibility and grain size data, the pa- leoenvironment and paleovegetation history during S4 was reconstructed. The CPI (Carbon Predomi- nance Index) and correlation between n-alkanes and magnetic susceptibility and grain size data dem- onstrated that the molecular fossils in paleosol and loess layers can reflect the vegetation condition during the loess-paleosol formation, if the allochthonous organic inputs could be excluded reasonably. The ACL (average chain length) index is correlated well with paleomagnetic susceptibility and grain size variations, displaying their good synchrony with warm and humid climate. However, it relatively lagged behind the paleomagnetic susceptibility and the grain size variations when the climate began to deteriorate. During the formation period of paleosol, the n-alkanes was dominated by C31 homologue, indicating that the primary organic input originated from herbs. Our study also demonstrated that the herbs were more flourish than wood plants in Loess Plateau, especially in the Luochuan area during the warm and humid phase, and there was no typical forest vegetation developed in the studied period. 相似文献
20.
Russell M Webster L Walsham P Packer G Dalgarno EJ McIntosh AD Moffat CF 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,50(6):638-651
Due to the potentially accumulative nature of the Fladen Ground, an area of intense oil activity in the North Sea, a survey was carried out in 1989 to map the distribution of contamination in relation to these oil activities. All the sediments collected were screened by ultraviolet fluorescence (UVF) for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and selected samples were analysed for n-alkanes (by GC-FID), PAHs and biomarkers (by GC-MSD). This survey was repeated in 2001, with all the 1989 sites being resampled. All of these sediments were analysed for UVF oil equivalents, PAHs, n-alkanes and biomarkers. The concentrations of these parameters decreased between 1989 and 2001, with average decreases ranging from 43% to 88%. In addition, no significant difference was found, for all the parameters, between near field (<5 km from an oil installation) and far field (>5 km from an oil installation) sites in 2001 indicating that the Fladen Ground is approaching a 'steady state' or background concentration for contamination. 相似文献