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1.
黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)抑制作用 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
采用黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)和铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)共同培养的实验方法,追踪测定微囊藻的生长量、光合速率等相关生理生化指标以及观察藻细胞超微结构变化,研究黑藻对铜绿微囊藻的抑制作用及其机制．结果表明,黑藻对铜绿微囊藻的生长有明显的抑制作用,表现为藻细胞生长量显著降低,细胞超微结构进行性损伤直至细胞解体,藻体叶绿素a含量和光合速率急剧下降,呼吸速率、超氧物歧化酶(SOD)活性均呈现先升高后下降的趋势,膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)的积累量与膜的损伤程度相一致．在黑藻养殖水中初步分离得到黑藻分泌的抑藻物质． 相似文献
2.
用刚收割的水稻(Oryza sativa L.)秸秆浸提液代替水配制培养基培养铜绿微囊藻(Microcystic aeruginosa),追踪测定微囊藻的生物量、叶绿素a含量、光合速率、呼吸速率、膜透性、超氧物歧化酶(SOD)活性、光合膜自发荧光强度等相关生理生化指标的变化,研究水稻秸秆浸液对铜绿微囊藻的抑制作用.结果表明,质量比≥1/100(水稻秸秆/水)的水稻秸秆浸提液对微囊藻的生长有明显的抑制作用,表现如下:藻细胞生物量在实验过程中逐日降低,藻细胞叶绿素a含量和光合速率急剧下降,呼吸速率和超氧物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈先升高后下降的趋势,膜透性迅速升高,细胞光合膜自发荧光强度显著衰减.用不同的有机溶剂对该浸提液进行萃取,浓缩后用滤纸片法在固体培养基上做抑藻实验,乙醚和乙酸乙酯萃取液能明显看到抑藻圈,证实其中含有抑制物质. 相似文献
3.
浮游绿藻对沉水植物苦草生长的抑制作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
水体中氧化还原电位的变化会对藻类生长和竞争产生直接或间接的影响.本文采用单种培养和混合培养的方式,研究了在铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)与斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)竞争生长过程中氧化还原电位降低对铜绿微囊藻优势形成的影响,同时测定了铜绿微囊藻生理和形态的变化.结果表明:在单种培养条件下,铜绿微囊藻的生长速率明显高于栅藻,降低氧化还原电位对两种藻的生长速率没有影响;在混合培养条件下,两种藻的生长均受到了抑制,但降低氧化还原电位却明显提高了铜绿微囊藻的生长速率,而降低了斜生栅藻的生长速率,说明铜绿微囊藻的竞争能力得到了加强,斜生栅藻的竞争能力有所削弱;同时试验也发现在竞争生长的条件下,培养基氧化还原电位的降低诱导了铜绿微囊藻细胞体积变大,酯酶活性增强以及叶绿素荧光强度增加,这些生理参数的改变可能是铜绿微囊藻在环境中氧化还原电位降低时竞争能力得以增强的重要原因. 相似文献
4.
利用自行研制的光生物反应器,以水库中典型的铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)和斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)为研究对象,研究了两种藻类在光照强度周期性波动条件下的抑制特性.结果表明,相对恒定时平均光照强度6100 lx而言,在光照强度周期性波动条件下,在培养至24天时,铜绿微囊藻生物量降低14%、颜色稍黄,斜生栅藻生物量降低24%、藻体严重泛黄;铜绿微囊藻的叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素含量分别降低12.7%和55.5%,斜生栅藻的叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素含量分别降低78%和74%;模拟内波的周期性波动光强下,两种藻的光合作用参数Fv/Fm、YⅡ和ETR下降,热耗散量NPQ增高,且光合作用受到抑制,生长代谢能力减弱,这为内波控藻提供了理论依据. 相似文献
5.
以巢湖优势种铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)和鱼腥藻(Anabaena sp.)为研究对象,研究不同温度(35、25和10℃)对这两种藻生长特性和胞外有机物产生的影响.结果表明,温度对铜绿微囊藻和鱼腥藻的藻细胞密度、碱性磷酸酶活性和胞外有机物浓度影响显著.25℃是铜绿微囊藻和鱼腥藻最适宜的生长温度,最高细胞密度分别达到3.12×107cells/ml和2.03×107 cells/ml.不同温度下两种藻的碱性磷酸酶活性特征,证实了高温对鱼腥藻生长的抑制和低温对铜绿微囊藻生长的抑制.胞外有机物释放总量受蓝藻生物量和单位细胞有机物释放速率的影响.铜绿微囊藻的溶解性有机碳和胞外总多糖释放量在25℃最高,最大值分别为49.28和38.46 mg/L;而鱼腥藻在35℃时释放量最高,最大值分别为45.82和40.60 mg/L;10℃条件抑制了两种藻的生长及胞外有机物的释放.鱼腥藻胞外多糖含量在35℃培养条件下最高,而铜绿微囊藻在10℃条件下最高,说明不利的生长条件会促进蓝藻胞外多糖的分泌.三维荧光图谱分析结果表明,铜绿微囊藻和鱼腥藻胞外有机物以类蛋白质和类腐殖酸为主,温度主要影响藻细胞胞外有机物浓度,而对有机物种类组成没有影响. 相似文献
6.
在不同的光照强度下,测定了铜绿微囊藻、斜生栅藻在不同生长期的藻细胞密度、粒径、叶绿素a浓度、浮游植物吸收系数以及比吸收系数.单因素方差分析表明,在整个培养周期中,光照强度对铜绿微囊藻及斜生栅藻的藻细胞密度、叶绿素a浓度以及440、675 nm处吸收系数均有着显著的影响.两种藻在光照强度为50μmol/(m2.s)条件下,藻细胞密度、叶绿素a浓度及吸收系数值相对最大.相关性分析表明:藻类特征波段440、675 nm吸收系数与叶绿素a浓度、藻细胞密度在不同光照条件下都存在着显著的正相关性,其中叶绿素a浓度与藻类吸收系数存在着幂函数的关系,而线性关系能更好的说明藻细胞密度与吸收系数之间的关系.在不同光照强度及培养时期,藻类比吸收系数在一定的范围内波动,随光强增加比吸收系数呈上升趋势.铜绿微囊藻440、675 nm处比吸收系数与叶绿素a浓度呈显著的负相关关系,而斜生栅藻比吸收系数与叶绿素a浓度之间无显著相关,体现了不同藻类由于色素组成及比例差异其色素包裹效应也各不相同.对不同光照强度下的铜绿微囊藻及斜生栅藻进行400～700 nm波段积分,得到了两者在5、50及100μmol/(m2.s)不同种光强下的平均比吸收系数分别为0.0144、0.0134、0.0160,0.0086、0.0088、0.0105 m2/(mg Chl.a),铜绿微囊藻比吸收系数明显大于斜生栅藻. 相似文献
7.
将太湖微囊藻水华中3种优势微囊藻包括水华微囊藻1028、惠氏微囊藻929、铜绿微囊藻469和铜绿微囊藻905培养在改良后的BG-11培养基(TN=10mg/L,TP=0.4mg/L)中,然后加入角突网纹搔,以研究3种优势微囊藻对浮游动物摄食压力的形态反应.整个实验共进行了12d.除了水华微囊藻1028以外,在惠氏微囊藻929、铜绿微囊藻469和铜绿微囊藻905中没有观察到有大群体(大于10个细胞)的出现.在水华微囊藻中,处理组大群体细胞所占总细胞的比例与对照组显著不同,其中对照组占22%,而试验组占53%.水华微囊藻对照组和处理组中单细胞、2细胞、小群体(3-10个细胞)和大群体(大于10个细胞)细胞密度存在显著的不同.实验第6-12d,水华微囊藻对照组和试验组单位大群体细胞数量存在显著差异.研究结果表明,角突网纹潘的摄食压力不能促使惠氏微囊藻929、铜绿微囊藻469和铜绿微囊藻905形成大群体.角突网纹溞的摄食促使水华微囊藻形成更大的群体. 相似文献
8.
超声波和改性粘土集成技术在去除蓝藻水华上的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
近年来,改性粘土除藻技术广泛应用于"水华"的治理当中,其原理是藻类与改性粘土絮凝后自然沉降.通过对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)、集胞藻(Synechocystis sp.)和小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)的絮凝比较,发现具气囊的铜绿微囊藻比其他两种藻发生再悬浮的幅度更大,次数更多.针对我国的水华藻类是以微囊藻(Microcystis sp.)等为主的情况,研究超声波和改性粘土集成技术对藻类的去除效果.结果表明,超声波和改性粘土集成技术能将藻类去除率明显提高,该法的絮体稳定性比单一絮凝法明显增强,且对群体形态的藻的去除率提升效果更好.另外,在40kHz、160W超声辐照下,铜绿微囊藻的气囊去除率在95%以上,但细胞壁保持完好,细胞活性不变,藻毒素不会因细胞破裂而释放,因此超声波和改性粘土集成方法,是治理我国蓝藻水华的有效方法. 相似文献
9.
铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)与三种丝状蓝藻间的相互作用 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
研究了单细胞铜绿微囊藻和三种丝状蓝藻（水华束丝藻、水华鱼腥藻及土生席藻）间的相互作用,包括以下两个方面的内容：①铜绿微囊藻细胞滤出液对水华束丝藻、水华鱼腥藻及土生席藻生长的影响;②水华束丝藻、水华鱼腥藻及土生席藻细胞滤出液对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响．研究发现,当滤出液浓度为60％（滤出液与BG11的体积比为3：2）时,铜绿微囊藻细胞滤出液对水华束丝藻、水华鱼腥藻的生长有显著促进效果,尤其对水华束丝藻的作用更加明显;对土生席藻的生长却起着微弱的抑制作用,仅表现于100％细胞滤出液中．对铜绿微囊藻而言,土生席藻细胞滤出液对其的生长起着显著抑制作用,浓度越高、抑制作用越强;而水华束丝藻、水华鱼腥藻仅在100％细胞滤出液中才表现出微弱的抑制作用．为验证营养盐浓度差异是否影响滤出液的作用效果,进行了无机营养盐（NO3-N、NH4^＋-N、PO4-P）干扰的消除试验．结果表明,无机营养盐（（NO3-N、NH4^＋-N、PO4-P）的改变并不影响滤出液的作用效果,从而我们推测水华蓝藻之间存在着化感作用．本研究为解释自然水体中藻类种群演替的原因,深入认识水华蓝藻的动力学机制提供了新的实验证据． 相似文献
10.
有毒铜绿微囊藻对鱼和溞的毒性 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
用有毒铜绿微囊藻细胞及其从毒细胞中提取的毒素喂养和腹腔注射鱼类,结果表明:(1)微囊藻毒素MCYST-LR对所有实验过的鱼有毒害作用(LD50为110-500μg/kg).注射毒素24h后,鱼肝电镜超微结构观察均表现出肝损伤.(2)在受控条件下,当用有毒铜绿微囊藻作为食物喂养日鲢和罗非鱼时,鱼类能在以毒藻为唯一食物的环境中生活20d以上.白鲢和罗非鱼粪便的毒性比喂食藻类的毒性分别降低约2-4.5倍,其肝的超微结构现察仍有轻度损伤.(3)在培养液中加入15μg/mLMCYST-LR和用实验室纯培养的铜绿微囊藻作为食物培养枝角类时,均可使它们在48h死亡.以无毒微囊藻培养时则生长不良亦不怀卵,表明它不是枝角类合适的食物. 相似文献
11.
Yogui GT Santos MC Bertozzi CP Sericano JL Montone RC 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(12):2666-2670
Limited information is available in the literature on the levels of brominated flame retardants in the southern hemisphere. This study presents concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the blubber of small cetaceans from the coast of São Paulo (Brazil), southwestern Atlantic. PBDE levels were highest in Stenellafrontalis (770 ng g−1 lipid) followed by Stenobredanensis (475 ng g−1 lipid), Sotaliaguianensis (65.6 ng g−1 lipid), Tursiopstruncatus (64.2 ng g−1 lipid) and Pontoporiablainvillei (60.3 ng g−1 lipid). In general, continental shelf individuals exhibited higher contamination than inshore animals. This might be related to larger prey items consumed by continental shelf dolphins. The pattern of contamination indicates that Penta-BDE commercial mixtures are a major source of PBDEs to top predators in the southwestern Atlantic. Congeners found in Octa-BDE formulations were not detected in the investigated animals. 相似文献
12.
Nga Yu Ho Vincent Wai Tsun Li Wing Lin Poon Shuk Han Cheng 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(6-12):425
kif7 is a member of the kinesin superfamily members which are molecular motor proteins that move along microtubules in a highly regulated manner through ATP hydrolysis. In this paper, we report on the cloning of the Oryzias melastigma kif7 (omkif7) using primers designed according to the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) database. The cloned omkif7 has an open reading frame of 3762bp and is deduced to encode a polypeptide of 1254 amino acids that possesses the putative ATP-binding and microtubule-binding motifs in its motor domain at the N-terminal region. We characterized the cloned omkif7 by comparison with the zebrafish kif7. Both omkif7 and zebrafish kif7 are shown to be expressed in all embryonic stages and adult tissues examined with higher expression level in the testis and ovary. Whole-mount in situ hybridization revealed that the expression of omkif7 is ubiquitous during the early stages of embryonic development, but became more restrictive and localized to the brain, fin bud and eye at later development. This study suggested that the brackish O.melastigma can serve as a good seawater model organism for developmental studies by utilizing the resources developed from its close relative of the Japanese medaka. 相似文献
13.
Burša Milan Raděj Karel Šima Zdislav True Scott A. Vatrt Viliam 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1997,41(3):203-216
The geopotential scale factor R
o
= GM/W
o
(the GM geocentric gravitational constant adopted) and/or geoidal potential Wo have been determined on the basis of the first year's (Oct 92 – Dec 93) ERS-1/TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data and of the POCM 4B sea surface topography model: R
o
°=(6 363 672.58°±0.05) m, W
o
°=(62 636 855.8°±0.05)m
2
s
–2
. The 2°–°3 cm uncertainty in the altimeter calibration limits the actual accuracy of the solution. Monitoring dW
o
/dt has been projected. 相似文献
14.
外来种福寿螺(Pomacea canaliculata)相较我国本土螺类其牧食量更大且繁殖速度更快,对栖息地水生植物的现存量和实施水生植被恢复的生态治理工程的成功性可能构成威胁,目前对福寿螺影响浅水湖泊沉水植物的重建缺乏足够的研究.本文通过设置不同沉水植物种类组合系统,研究福寿螺对3种常用于浅水富营养化湖泊治理的沉水植物密刺苦草(Vallisneria denseserrulata)、轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)、穗花狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)的牧食偏好以及不同植物配置系统理化因子的响应变化,结果表明福寿螺对沉水植物植株附着偏好为密刺苦草轮叶黑藻穗花狐尾藻,而牧食破坏强度为轮叶黑藻穗花狐尾藻密刺苦草,轮叶黑藻最容易受到福寿螺牧食影响而快速消亡,穗花狐尾藻叶片也会被全部牧食仅剩下茎,而苦草存活受到的影响较小.福寿螺会导致轮叶黑藻+密刺苦草组合系统中总氮、氨氮、总磷、正磷酸盐浓度显著升高,而密刺苦草+穗花狐尾藻组合中总磷、正磷酸盐浓度显著升高,但是在轮叶黑藻+穗花狐尾藻组合中仅总氮浓度显著升高.研究表明福寿螺能够影响沉水植物间的竞争关系,但是3种沉水植物均不能阻止福寿螺的牧食;福寿螺牧食会显著降低沉水植物生物量,最终会影响草型清水态系统的稳定性. 相似文献
15.
The present paper analyses predation patterns, of Percichthys trucha and salmonid fish upon Galaxias maculatus in five lakes of northern Patagonia with differing community and environmental characteristics. Tank experiments were performed to evaluate relative efficiency of native and exotic predators of G. maculatus under treatments with and without cover (aquatic vegetation). Important differences were found between predators with regards to distribution and consumption of G. maculatus. Salmonids are more efficient than P. trucha in consuming G. maculatus in deep environments with scarcely vegetation; in contrast to native species they frequently use the pelagic environment. Although pelagic habitat might have served in the past as a refuge from native predators in the past, G maculatus now experiences intense predation in the pelagic zone by exotic salmonids. It is suggested that the widespread distribution of G. maculatus in Patagonian lakes may have facilitated the success of salmonids throughout Patagonia. 相似文献
16.
Floristic surveys, vegetation mapping, and detailed transect analyses rendered a macrophyte flora of 14 native and five alien taxa of flowering plants in the River Erft, a contributory of the River Rhine in Northrhine-Westphalia. Water temperatures of this river do not fall below 10 °C all the year round, for reasons of geothermically heated water discharged from nearby opencast mining areas. Macrophyte stand structures, composed of the neophytes Azolla filiculoides and Lemna minuta (floating) and Myriophyllum aquaticum, Egeria densa, and Vallisneria spiralis (rooted in the muddy or sandy ground of the river) are described and the ecological requirements of these taxa are characterized. The alien species can be seen as elements that increase the α-diversity of the aquatic vegetation of the River Erft. They do not replace any of the native species, even if shifts in the competition dynamics occur. The colonization by neophytes of the abnormally warmed River Erft can be appreciated as paradigmatic for trends in the macrophyte vegetation of medium-sized rivers in Central Europe when climate-related or discharge-based heating of the waterbody occurs and propagules of alien plants imported by waterfowl or – more important – plants from aquarium waste will find suitable places of existence and spread. 相似文献
17.
近30 a云贵高原湖泊表面水体面积变化遥感监测与时空分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以云贵高原湖泊近30 a来的TM、ETM~+和OLI遥感影像为数据源,采用归一化水体指数(NDWI)、改进归一化水体指数(MNDWI)、新型水体指数(NWI)、增强型水体指数(EWI)和自动水体提取指数5种水体指数提取了1985—2015年云贵高原10个湖泊表面水体面积,并对各种算法进行精度对比分析.针对湖泊各自特点采用不同的水体指数提取其表面水体面积,并进行水体面积变化时空分析.结果表明:云贵高原湖泊表面水体面积总体呈现先增加后缩减趋势,1985—1995年湖泊表面水体面积增加了30.86 km~2,1995—2015年湖泊水体表面面积减少了48.12 km~2,其中,面积变化最大的是杞麓湖与异龙湖.对云贵高原湖泊表面水体面积变化与该区域的年降水量、蒸发量、平均气温、流域植被覆盖面积和人类活动时空进行相关分析,结果表明:1)高原湖泊对区域气候变化的响应具有明显的空间差异性,云贵高原湖泊的表面水体面积与气候相关性较显著,气温升高引起蒸发加速,降水量下降,湖面不断缩小,与逐年上升的气温呈负相关,与逐年波动上升的蒸发量呈负相关,与逐年减少的降水量呈正相关;2)云贵高原湖泊各流域的植被覆盖面积与湖泊面积变化相关性较弱;3)人类活动是影响湖泊面积变化的重要因素,大肆围湖造田、围湖养殖以及旅游开发等人类活动直接导致云贵高原湖泊面积的锐减,并对湖泊生态环境产生重要影响. 相似文献
18.
Species differences in stomatal control of water loss at the canopy scale in a mature bottomland deciduous forest 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In order to evaluate factors controlling transpiration of six common eastern deciduous species in North America, a model describing responses of canopy stomatal conductance (GS) to net radiation (RN), vapor pressure deficit (D) and relative extractable soil water (REW) was parameterized from sap flux data. Sap flux was measured in 24 mature trees consisting of the species Carya tomentosa, Quercus alba, Q. rubra, Fraxinus americana, Liriodendron tulipifera, and Liquidambar styraciflua in a bottomland oak-hickory forest in the Duke Forest, NC. Species differences in model coefficients were found during the 1997 growing season. All species showed a reduction in GS with increasing D. RN influenced GS in the overstory shade intolerant L. styraciflua to a larger extent than the other species measured. In addition, despite a severe drought during the study period, only L. tulipifera showed a decline in GS with decreasing REW. The primary effect of the drought for the other species appeared to be early autumn leaf senescence and abscission. As a result, despite the drought in this bottomland forest accustomed to ample water supply, maximum daily transpiration (1.6 mm) and growing season transpiration (264 mm) were similar to a nearby upland forest measured during a year of above average precipitation. These results may aid in assessing differences in water use and the ability of bottomland deciduous species to tolerate alterations in the frequency or amount of precipitation. Results also suggest little variation in water use among forests of similar composition and structure growing in different positions in the landscape and subjected to large interannual variation in water supply. 相似文献
19.
通过野外调查并结合历史数据对洪湖沉水植被进行长时间序列变化研究,构建自1950s以来洪湖主要优势沉水植物群落穗状狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)、微齿眼子菜(Potamogeton maackianus)、金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)和轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)的群落分布图并计算其面积.结果表明:穗状狐尾藻群落面积从1950s占全湖的6%增加至1990s的65%,而后急剧下降至2010年的2%,然后又恢复至2014年的15%;微齿眼子菜群落面积从1950s的10%增至1990s的65%,然后下降至2014年的38%;金鱼藻群落面积从1980s的6%增至1990s的39%,2010年以后则稳定在25%;轮叶黑藻群落面积1950s占全湖的32%,随后急剧下降至1980s的6%,2000年以后逐步增加,至2014年为15%.1950s1990s,穗状狐尾藻、微齿眼子菜和金鱼藻群落分布范围从周边向湖心扩展,而轮叶黑藻群落从湖中心消失;2000年以后洪湖沉水植物群落分布破碎化明显.分析认为,1950s 1990s的围垦和水文过程变化,1990s 2005年的围网养殖、水生植物过度利用以及由此导致的水质恶化等,以及2006年至今开展的拆围和生态修复是导致这些变化的主要因素.建议取缔围网,控制入湖水质,提高水体透明度,促进水生植被恢复,但同时增加水位变幅,促进植物资源合理利用,避免沼泽化重演. 相似文献
20.
Seismicity in the La Cerdanya region of the eastern Pyrenees has been accurately mapped for the first time using data from a local seismic network. The majority of earthquakes lies on or near the La Cerdanya fault or secondary faults to the south. Coda magnitudes determined for these earthquakes, using magnitude relations from other regions, range between –0.5 and 2.2. These are, however, presumed to be underdetermined values sinceQ values appear to be very low in the La Cerdanya region. CodaQ values at a frequency of 1.5 Hz range between 17 and 120, the lowest values being obtained for the most seismically active regions. CodaQ values also increase with increasing distance, a result which indicates decreasing seismic attenuation with increasing depth in the crust. 相似文献