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1.
浮游生物群体分尺度估测方法在水生生态系统研究中应用越来越普遍,但大型浅水湖泊中不同尺度浮游生物群体研究鲜见报道.本文以太湖2002年10月至2003年9月的野外实测资料为基础,系统研究了不同尺度浮游生物群落的(R为浮游生物群体的平均直径,R≥41μm,2μm≤R<41μm,R<2μm)呼吸率.结果表明,在太湖梅梁湾,R≥41μm的浮游生物群体(主要是微囊藻群体)占优势,呼吸率占总呼吸率的70%以上,R<2μm的浮游生物(主要是浮游细菌)呼吸率占总呼吸率的18%左右;在太湖北部敞水区,R≥41μm的浮游生物的呼吸率占总呼吸率的10%左右,R<2μm的浮游生物占优势,其呼吸率能占总呼吸率的65%以上.总体来看,梅梁湾中R≥41μm的浮游生物群体特别是微囊藻群体呼吸率占优势,敞水区微型浮游生物特别是浮游细菌对总呼吸率的贡献很大. 相似文献
2.
利用微型生态系统研究背角无齿蚌（Anodonta woodiana）高密度养殖情况下对微型生态系统水柱中不同形态氮磷浓度和浮游藻类群落结构的影响，结果显示蚌的高强度滤食：（1）减少微型生态系统中悬浮态氮的含量，明显增加厂水柱中的溶解性氮、磷含量，但是对总氮、总磷和正磷酸盐含量没有显著影响；（2）显著减少所有浮游藻类的数量和生物量，提高水体透明度，同时迅速改变微型生态系统中浮游藻类的群落结构，降低了微囊藻等蓝藻的数量及其所占的相对百分比，而绿藻所占的比例迅速上升；（3）导致微型生态系统的生态结构发生了显著变化，上行效应（Bottom-up effects）在浮游藻类与营养盐的关系方面发生了变化，实验组水柱中氮、磷含量与浮游藻类的相关关系显著降低；（4）并不能有效降低微型生态系统的富营养水平． 相似文献
3.
不同粒径大小浮游藻类的养分吸收速率、沉降特性和能流方向等都不相同,浮游藻类生物量的粒级组成变化对湖泊生态系统的结构与功能具有重要影响.为了解通江湖泊浮游藻类粒级组成演替规律及其驱动机制,于2018年9月2019年9月对东洞庭湖进行了年度采样调查,研究了不同粒级浮游藻类的时空分布特征及其与环境因子的关系.结果表明:东洞庭湖浮游藻类叶绿素a总浓度呈现显著的时空分布差异;季节上表现为夏季(22.43μg/L)秋季(16.95μg/L)春季(11.69μg/L)冬季(3.28μg/L),空间上表现为北部湖区(26.12μg/L)南部湖区(15.81μg/L)东部行洪道(5.88μg/L).纳微型藻(3～20μm)是东洞庭湖浮游藻类生物量的主要贡献者,其在冬季优势度最高,为68.0%;春季开始,超微型藻(0～3μm)的贡献量逐渐增加,到夏季达到最高值,为42.1%;粒径最大的微型藻(20μm)占比最低,全年平均占比16.2%. RDA限制性排序结果表明,不同粒级浮游藻类对环境因子的响应趋势相同,但适应能力不同;温度、水位、营养盐和pH等是影响东洞庭湖浮游藻类粒级结构的重要因素. 相似文献
4.
《中国科学:地球科学》2016,(1)
海洋微型生物是海洋生物地球化学循环的主要驱动者,也是海洋能量代谢的主要参与者,在海洋生态系统中发挥着举足轻重的作用.好氧不产氧光合异养细菌(AAPB)是海洋中一类重要的功能类群,在海洋中广泛分布,它们可以利用光能补充自身的能量代谢,在海洋碳循环中发挥着重要而特殊的作用.在21世纪初,由于微型生物显微荧光定量方法的弊端,人们对于AAPB分布规律的认识存在着一定的偏差."时间序列红外荧光显微数字化方法"(TIREM)的建立,修正了AAPB定量偏差,揭示了海洋中AAPB分布的真正规律.之后,对AAPB生态分布调控因素的进一步研究表明:相对于光照,溶解有机碳(DOC)对AAPB绝对丰度和相对丰度的影响更重要.此认识推翻了"AAPB通过利用光能就可以赢得与普通异养细菌竞争"这一"想当然"的理论推测.而对AAPB碳源利用特点的研究表明,此功能类群具有重要的碳分馏作用,即AAPB在碳代谢过程中,部分碳源并非简单的沿着传统生物泵方向传递.在此基础上的海洋微型生物与DOC相互作用关系研究,最终导致海洋储碳新机制—微型生物碳泵(MCP)的提出,它解释了海洋中巨大溶解有机碳库存在的原因和机制,实现了海洋储碳机制理论上的新突破. 相似文献
5.
珠江流域西江支流贺江浮游藻类群落特征及水质分析 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
为了解珠江流域西江支流贺江浮游藻类的分布并评价其水质情况,于2013年丰水期和枯水期对贺江的浮游藻类群落结构进行调查和分析,结果表明:调查期间共检出浮游藻类7门130种,其中丰水期7门63种,枯水期5门103种,浮游藻类群落组成以绿藻门、硅藻门和蓝藻门为主,丰水期绿藻门居多,硅藻门次之,藻细胞丰度平均值为2.13×106cells/L;枯水期硅藻门最多,藻细胞丰度平均值为3.71×106cells/L;优势种主要有水华微囊藻、卷曲鱼腥藻、小颤藻、啮蚀隐藻、短小舟形藻、变异直链藻、颗粒直链藻、四尾栅藻、集星藻、小球衣藻和小球藻.RDA分析表明,影响贺江浮游藻类群落分布的主要环境因子是氮、磷营养盐,综合营养状态指数显示贺江处于中营养水平. 相似文献
6.
关于淡水浮游动物和原生动物分开研究的建议 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
正《湖泊科学》编辑部:国内关于淡水浮游动物的文章中,一般浮游动物包含四大类,即原生动物、轮虫、枝角类和桡足类,其中枝角类和桡足类又合称为浮游甲壳动物.除了这四大类外,浮游动物还包括软甲类甲壳动物(如糠虾、钩虾等)、水生昆虫(如幽蚊等)、水蜘蛛、丰年虫、淡水水母、浮游贝类幼虫等,由于这些类群在淡水水体中分布有限,尤其在敞水区,一般的浮游动物研究并不包括这些类群.从分类阶元来看,淡水原生动物的主要种类属于原生动物亚界的肉鞭门和纤毛门,肉鞭门包括鞭毛亚门(植鞭毛纲-自养鞭毛虫和动鞭毛纲一异养鞭毛虫)、肉足亚门根足总纲(变形虫和有壳肉足虫),一般将淡 相似文献
7.
广西武鸣盆地岩溶泉口浮游生物群落对水环境变化的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近年来我国西南岩溶地区一些岩溶泉出现水生生态系统由草型向藻型转变的问题,但水化学监测却显示泉水水质依旧良好.岩溶泉的水质变化与水生生态系统退化不同步,故探寻岩溶泉水环境的变化以及浮游生物群落的响应,对全面掌握和客观评价泉水的健康状况具有重要意义.于2016年7月、2020年7月两个时期对广西武鸣盆地内4个岩溶泉进行了浮游生物调查和水环境监测.结果显示,4年后浮游生物检出种类和数量增加.浮游植物快速繁殖,总丰度由1.71×105 cells/L上升至79.92×105 cells/L,蓝藻门或绿藻门比例上升;浮游动物总丰度由264.28 ind./L降至137.25 ind./L,大型甲壳类浮游动物密度减少,部分泉口轮虫类密度增加.同时,优势种转变为更适应于富营养化环境的耐污种,或耐污种种类和数量上升.浮游生物的多样性与水体营养水平并未完全吻合.理化指标的水质评价结果显示,4个泉的水质仍属于I类或Ⅱ类,但综合营养状态指数显示营养状态均向富营养化方向发展,大部分泉基本已处于中-富营养水平.冗余分析结果显示,水温、pH、亚硝态氮、总磷、硝态氮浓度是影响岩溶泉浮游植物群落结构的主要环境因子.浮游动物群落结构与水温、亚硝态氮、氨氮和叶绿素a浓度显著相关.两个时期浮游生物对主要水环境因子的变化有了一定的响应.建议岩溶泉的水质评价依据理化指标的同时还应关注生物指标,多个指标的相互验证才能更全面的反映水体健康状况.同时,为使泉口以及区域地下水资源的可持续开发利用,建议对重要泉口划分泉域保护区,控制泉口污染物的输入,合理开发和管理地下水资源,对已转变的水生生态系统可考虑尽快进行生态修复. 相似文献
8.
为认识湖泊中浮游细菌的多样性及其变化规律,本研究采用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)的方法,研究了太湖梅梁湾和湖心区浮游细菌种群16S rRNA基因多样性以及种群基因组成的季节变化特征.研究结果表明,太湖浮游细菌种群具有丰富的基因多样性.浮游细菌的丰度、DGGE条带数、种群的Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson 指数和Pielou指数均呈现显著的季节变化规律:夏季及秋季浮游细菌的丰度、基因多样性及种群的均匀度较高,而冬季和春季则较低.浮游细菌种群的基因组成随时间变化.梅梁湾浮游细菌的丰度显著高于湖心.梅梁湾与湖心浮游细菌主要建群种的基因型存在显著差异. 相似文献
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10.
好氧不产氧光合细菌（aerobic anoxygenic photosynthesis bacteria，AAPB）是广泛分布于海洋、湖泊及河流等典型水域生境中的异养原核生物，能够以环境中有机物为营养物质来获取细胞生长及代谢所需的能量，同时借助自身独特的菌绿素完成光合作用产能但不合成氧气，在物质循环与能量流动中扮演着重要角色.近年，越来越多的AAPB种属被陆续报道，基于光合基因，例如光合反应中心M亚基（pufM）的分子系统发育分析显示，大部分AAPB属于α-、β-及γ-变形菌，且丰度及多样性随生境的不同而呈现时空地理格局异质性.本文对AAPB的栖息环境与生长特性、丰度与分布、生态功能以及环境驱动因子等方面的研究进展进行了回顾和综述.目前，针对水库生态系统AAPB的研究鲜见报道，作者建议开展水库生境中AAPB多样性分布、环境驱动因素及生态功能研究，丰富对于水生生态系统中功能微生物种群生态结构与代谢功能的认识. 相似文献
11.
《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(12)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research. 相似文献
12.
《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(9)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in 相似文献
13.
In natural waters arsenic concentrations up to a few milligrams per litre were measured. The natural content of arsenic found in soils varies between 0.01 mg/kg and a few hundred milligrams per kilogram. Anthropogenic sources of arsenic in the environment are the smelting of ores, the burning of coal, and the use of arsenic compounds in many products and production processes in the past. A lot of arsenic compounds are toxic and cause acute and chronic poisoning. In aqueous environment the inorganic arsenic species arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)) are the most abundant species. The mobility of these species is influenced by the pH value, the redox potential, and the presence of adsorbents such as oxides and hydroxides of Fe(III), Al(III), Mn(III/IV), humic substances, and clay minerals. 相似文献
14.
Due to deleterious effects on non-target organisms, the use of organotin compounds on boat hulls of small vessels (<25 m) has been widely prohibited. The International Maritime Organisation (IMO) resolved that the complete prohibition on organotin compounds acting as biocides in antifouling systems should commence in 2008. As a result of restrictions on the use of organotin based paints, other antifouling formulations containing organic biocides have been utilised. This survey was conducted to assess the contamination of replacement biocides in the marine environment following the ban of TBT-based paints. Surface sediments samples were collected in the major ports and marinas along the France Mediterranean coastline (Cote d’Azur) and analysed for organotin compounds, Irgarol 1051, Sea-nine 211TM, Chlorothalonil, Dichlofluanid and Folpet. Every port and marina exhibited high levels of organotin compounds, with concentrations in sediments ranging from 37 ng Sn g−1dry wt in Menton Garavan to over 4000 ng Sn g−1dry wt close to the ship chandler within the port of Villefranche-sur-Mer. TBT degradation indexes suggested that fresh inputs are still made. Among the other antifoulants monitored, only Irgarol 1051 exhibited measurable concentrations in almost every port, with concentrations ranging from 40 ng g−1dry wt (Cannes) to almost 700 ng g−1dry wt (Villefranche-sur-Mer, ship chandler). 相似文献
15.
Ian R. Falconer 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2005,33(1):64-71
Microcystins are cyclic heptapeptide toxins produced by a range of cyanobacterial genera. These cyanobacteria occur naturally in drinking water reservoirs subject to eutrophication, and in rivers and natural lakes. Because of the diversity of organisms, the toxins occur, from oligo‐mesotrophic lakes in North Temperate latitudes, to hypertrophic tropical ponds. The toxins are responsible for numerous cases of injury and death of domestic animals, and human poisoning from drinking water. The initial poisoning includes hepatic cell death. This leads to secondary effects from liver deficiency, including jaundice and photosensitisation. The toxic effects are largely due to inhibition of phosphatase enzymes, acting to regulate protein phosphorylation. The consequences include structural damage, apoptosis and, at lower concentrations, cell cycle effects and tumour promotion. As there is no clear evidence for direct carcinogenesis by microcystins, they are classed as non‐carcinogenic toxins in drinking water. Guideline Values for safe drinking water are derived from data for subchronic rodent toxicity, using the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (the highest dose giving no toxicity). To this dose are applied uncertainty factors, to calculate a Tolerable Daily Intake. On the basis of a standard bodyweight and water consumption the Guideline Value is determined for drinking water. For microcystin‐LR the WHO have set a provisional Guideline Value of 1 μg/L for drinking water. 相似文献
16.
The geomagnetic field and secular variation exhibit asymmetrical spatial features which are possibly originating from an heterogeneous thermal control of the Earth's lower mantle on the core. The identification of this control in magnetic data is subject to several difficulties, some of which can be alleviated by the use of core surface flow models. Using numerical dynamos driven by heterogeneous boundary heat flux, we confirm that within the parameter space accessible to simulations, time average surface flows obey a simple thermal wind equilibrium between the Coriolis and buoyancy forces, the Lorentz, inertial and viscous forces playing only a secondary role, even for Elsasser numbers significantly larger than 1. Furthermore, we average the models over the duration of three vortex turnovers, and correlate them with a longer time average which fully reveals the signature of boundary heterogeneity. This allows us to quantify the possibility of observing mantle control in core surface flows averaged over a short time period. A scaling analysis is performed in order to apply the results to the Earth's core. We find that three vortex turnovers could represent between 100 and 360 years of Earth time, and that the heat flux heterogeneity at the core-mantle boundary could be large enough to yield an observable signature of thermal mantle control in a time average core surface flow within reach of the available geomagnetic data. 相似文献
17.
Richard McCreary John McGaughey Yves Potvin Dave Ecobichon Marty Hudyma Harald Kanduth Alain Coulombe 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1992,139(3-4):349-373
Located in northern Québec, the Lac Shortt Mine was a small gold mine consisting of a thin subvertical orebody which was mined in three main phases. High stress and rockbursting conditions were experienced when ore was extracted in the upper zone between the surface and a depth of 500 metres during the first two phases of mining. Severe rockbursts were experienced in late 1989 near the shaft and in the footwall development following a deepening of the mine shaft to a depth of 830 m and partial development of footwall drift access for the third phase of mining (the mining of the lower zone starting at a depth of 830 m moving upward toward a depth of 500 m). A 16-channel Electrolab MP250 microseismic system, with a Queen's University Full-Waveform piggy-back system, was installed underground at the site due to these problems.It was expected that the thinning sill would be subjected to an ever-increasing load as the thickness of the 500 m sill pillar decreased in the face of the mining excavation from below. A monitoring program consisting of the microseismic monitoring system, a range of conventional geomechanics monitoring tools as well as the undertaking of periodic seismic tomography surveys to assess the ongoing state of stress and rock mass condition within the sill was therefore warranted.The anomalously high-magnitude stress field and the brittle rockmass created a situation in which rockmass failure was common and violent. In the creation and thinning of the sill pillar, the location of banded microseismic activity was crucial in tracing rockmass failure and the associated ground control problems. Reliable source-location determination enabled the identification of areas of stress increase. The movement of the rockmass failure front could be followed, and was responsible for stope dilution, footwall and orebody development deterioration, and caving.Source-mechanism analyses gave accurate double-couple solutions for approximately forty percent of these events having at least ten recognizable polarities. Results suggested movement along vertical north-south striking or vertical east-west striking features. Underground observation of damaged access points showed that vertical north-south striking joints were experiencing failure.The microseismic activity, which was consistently concentrated close to the southwest and northeast corners of current production stopes, could be explained by a stress field oriented obliquely to the strike of the orebody, as measured prior to shrinkage of the sill pillar byin situ stress measurements and observed borehole overbreaks. The orientations of theP andT axes for the microseismic activity further confirmed that the stress field oriented obliquely to strike.While an increase in compressional-wave velocity of 2.3 percent, corresponding to a measured stress increase of approximately 10 MPa could be measured by repeated tomographic surveys, it was relatively small and only a factor of two or so above the velocity measured uncertainty. The relative insensitivity of thein situ rock mass modulus to the applied stress is believed to be largely due to the rockmass discontinuities being relatively closed prior to stress increase, as substantiated by the small deformations seen by the extensometer and borehole camera. This situation existed because of the very high pre-mining stress level.The experimental demonstration that the rock could not absorb substantially increased load through the mechanism of discontinuity closure or tightening (which would be reflected in the modulus) may be evidence in itself of potentially burst-prone ground, such as encountered at Lac Shortt. 相似文献
18.
《水文科学杂志》2013,58(4):704-712
Abstract The upper Niger and Volta rivers exhibit a great and highly contrasting variability of inter-annual runoff. The Bani River, the largest tributary to the Niger River in Mali, shows a dramatic decrease in runoff after the 1970s, with the result that many boreholes in the region have dried up since the drought began. In contrast, the Nakambe River (Upper Volta basin, in Burkina Faso) shows an increase in runoff for the same period, leading to unexpected flood peaks that damaged infrastructures. The contribution that the groundwater and its variability make to surface runoff variability is assessed in this study by comparing the data of the national groundwater monitoring networks of Mali and Burkina Faso to surface runoff. Several variables are compared at the basin scale: the date of the maximum level of the water table, the annual rainfall, discharge, low flows and depletion coefficients. Variability in the low flows of the Bani River is well correlated to a decrease in the water table. Since 1970, the greater decrease in runoff in comparison to the rainfall decrease is due to a reduction in the baseflow, related to the cumulated rainfall deficit. Concerning the Nakambe River, the runoff increase is not supported by a water table increase, but is due to the increase in runoff coefficient related to land degradation. 相似文献
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The inability to detect the presence of viable Helicobacter pylori bacteria in environmental waters has hindered the public health community in assessing the role water may play in the transmission of this pathogen. This work describes a cultural enrichment method coupled with an H. pylori‐specific PCR to identify these bacteria in water. While far from perfected at the present time, this represents an exciting new approach to studying the significance of water as a transmission mechanism for H. pylori. Evidence is presented that indicates culturable H. pylori bacteria were found using this enrichment/PCR method in a local groundwater source. 相似文献