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品质因子的尾波测定方法讨论 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
品质因子是定量刻画地震波传播过程中能量衰减情况的特征参数.理论上可根据观测台站记录的具有相同射线路径的地震波尾波品质因子的时间动态变化特征来探讨其与地震孕育过程间的关系,但实际上由不同地震的尾波测量得到的品质因子对应于不同的地震波射线路径,品质因子的时间变化除了与区域应力场的变化因素有关以外,还与区域介质的横向和纵向非弹性程度和散射波波阵面围成的椭球体的范围有关.本文根据前人研究结果并结合具体实例讨论了品质因子与地震震源距及不同流逝时间的关系;讨论了品质因子与频率变化的关系;提出了对不同地震采用不同流逝时间的尾波测定品质因子的方法.改进后的品质因子测量方法可有效去除由于不同地震或同一地震的地震散射波在纵向介质中穿透深度的不同而导致的对品质因子测量结果的影响,从而有利于捕捉到品质因子的异常变化特征与地震孕育过程的关系. 相似文献
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一个地震系列是指一定时间内,在同一地震区中连续发生的若干地震事件。它们有一个共同的孕育过程,因而具有统一的前兆场的演化历史。地震前兆场是一个区域场,而不只局限于某个震源区的变化。根据本文所定义的地震系列和前兆场的概念,研究了海城—唐山地震系列孕育过程中地震前兆场的时空演化特征。它可以分为不同的阶段,每个阶段的异常特征及空间分布特点不同。在此基础上,讨论了它们与地质构造的关系及其对地震预报的意义,包括前兆场的区域大小与震级、前兆场的空间变化过程与发震地点的关系及地震发生前的短临前兆标志 相似文献
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对比分析了川滇地区近30年强震活跃段地震活动因子A值和空间集中度C值的全时空扫描结果.结果表明,川滇地区大地震孕育进入短期阶段时,震中周围地区的中小地震活动在A值和C值出现不同程度的变化,而且选取地震活动因子A值可更好地表征川滇地区的地震活动在时、空、强方面短期的综合特征. 相似文献
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通过对青藏块体东北缘重力观测资料进行整体平差计算,系统分析了1992~2001年重力场的时空动态演化特征及其与地震活动的关系. 结果表明:利用统一起算基准获得的青藏块体东北缘重力观测资料,较完整地反映了青藏块体东北缘孕震过程中出现的流动重力前兆信息. 在地震孕育发生阶段,重力场出现较大范围的区域性重力异常,并产生与地震孕育发生有关的局部重力异常区.重力场动态图象较清晰地反映了区域重力场的有序性演化与地震活动. 相似文献
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澜沧—耿马地震短期和临震阶段的地震活动特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文主要分析了澜沧-耿马地震震前短临阶段的地震活动特征,包括b值、震群、临震的小震活动等,文中也简要回顾了大同地震前的地震活动特征。同时探讨了地震系列的算法复杂性在实际震例中应用的可能,表现为在时间分布上强震前大小地震的有序性增加,随机性降低的过程。目的是寻找强震前一定时空范围内,中期向短期阶段过渡及短临阶段普遍存在的地震活动图象的演化信息。 相似文献
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INVESTIGATION OF STATUS AND DEMAND ON PUBLIC SERVICE OF EARTHQUAKE DISASTER MITIGATION IN CHINA 下载免费PDF全文
In order to make a comprehensive and systematic evaluation of the status and demands of public service of earthquake disaster mitigation, we launched an investigation with Social Opinion Polling Center of National Bureau of Statistics on the current situation of public service of earthquake disaster mitigation and the demands for it in 2018. The investigation was conducted for 18~75-year-old residents for both urban and rural areas in 31 provinces of China mainland using the Computer Assisted Telephone Interview(CATI)method and 20 078 valid samples were received in total. The questionnaire mainly includes two parts: the current situation assessment and the demand survey. The assessment of public service status consists of five indicators: earthquake emergency drill, knowledge publicity of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction, acquisition of earthquake information, reliability of information released by earthquake agencies, and overall satisfaction. The results indicate that only 27.4% of public have participated the earthquake emergency drill, and 73.5% of public have learned some knowledge about earthquake prevention and disaster reduction in different level. It shows that rural residents have a lower level of scientific knowledge of earthquake disaster mitigation although the rural residents have a higher level of satisfaction. Meanwhile, 82.9% of the public are very concerned about earthquake-related information, and the earthquake information acquisition convenience score is 81.51 points(the full score is 100 points). At present, TV is still the most popular way to obtain the earthquake-related information, besides that, network and the new media app such as Wechat and Weibo play a more and more important role. In terms of the reliability of official information published by the earthquake administration, the score is 83.69 points which indicates that the public tend to believe in official departments. Furthermore, the degree of satisfaction evaluation of public service of earthquake disaster mitigation is marked 76.44 points which shows that there is still much room for improvement. The more educated the public, the less satisfied they are with the public service of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction. The results also show that 51.81% of the public are willing to obtain earthquake warning information at their own expense. As for the demand, the most expectative services for the public are post-earthquake rescue and reconstruction, earthquake warning, and house earthquake resilience test. The results of the investigation may provide some reference for the government to provide better services of earthquake disaster mitigation and to make scientific knowledge popularization in a more scientific way. 相似文献
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在大地震酝育准备过程中,总是出现种种小地震活动的异常,如条带、空区,成丛、成串等。这些异常从不同角度反映了小地震(微破裂)活动随机性的降低、有序度的增加。本文引入信息熵的概念,定量地研究大震前小震活动从无序到有序的演化,以1983年2月和1985年8月乌恰6.8和7.4级地震为例,表明震前地震信息熵确有明显异常 相似文献
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由孕震后期非线性层次演化探讨短临预报问题 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
鉴于震源区为最后失稳区,震前前兆信息量最少,最弱以最晚出现,而近源区的调整单元(弱介质区域蠕滑断层等)前兆信息量最多,最强以及最早出现,提出由异常区边界交汇法确定震源位置(以场求源);又鉴于孕震过程存在阶段性和层次性,提出由阶段性和层次性表现的时间特征确定主震发生时间(简称层次法)由上述二个思路和方法,本文对1995年永登地震孕震全过程和短临预报了研究了,研究表明,在地点中期预报基础上进一步由层次 相似文献
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网络地震灾情信息智能处理模型与地震烈度判定方法研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
破坏性地震发生之后,丰富的地震灾情信息和准确的地震烈度图是地震应急救援工作的基础。伴随着互联网的迅速发展,互联网已经成为地震灾情信息获取的一种重要渠道。本文通过构建网络地震灾情信息智能处理模型,将互联网上非结构化的灾情信息转化成结构化的灾情信息。并将网络地震灾情信息与地震烈度相结合,进行地震烈度判定,从而对地震应急期的烈度快速评定结果进行修正拟合。 相似文献