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地铁车站的地震液化上浮是地下结构常见的灾害之一,对处于液化场地的地铁车站需增加抗液化及抗浮措施。通过数值分析的方法对比分析了抗拔桩和隔离墙2种抗浮措施的作用机理及作用效果,研究了车站的上浮位移、地表变形和周围土体超孔隙水压比等动力响应。结果表明:设置抗拔桩可提供抗拔力,隔离墙可有效阻挡液化土的流动,因此地铁车站的上浮位移明显减小;抗拔桩的长度进入非液化土层时抗浮效果最佳;隔离墙的抗浮效果随着与车站主体的距离增加而减弱。通过该项研究,可为液化场地中地铁车站的抗浮设计提供一定的理论参考。 相似文献
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目前对地下结构液化破坏的研究尚不完善,很有必要对地铁隧道等地下结构可液化土层的液化势进行分析。本文以太原地铁隧道液化破坏为研究对象,应用Tokimatsu和Yoshimi,Seed,Japan Road Associate和中国建规4种方法,分析其抗液化性,评价场地的整体液化风险;依据振动液化动剪应力比、抗液化安全系数、标贯击数与体应变的关系评价盾构隧道的液化沉降变形。在粉质砂土和黏质粉土盾构隧道仰拱基底二次灌浆抗液化的基础上,建议太原地铁可液化砂土地层采用水泥基悬液二次灌浆加固处理地基,以提高其抗液化能力,减小液化沉降变形。 相似文献
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基于神经网络BP模型和可靠度理论,并沿用抗震规范中液化标准贯入锤击数基准值概念,建立了简化的液化判别概率方法。文中以液化标准贯入锤击数作为估计液化势的基本依据。该基准值是给定地面加速度、土层埋深、地下水位的液化临界锤数,也与震级大小和液化概率有关。为了对不同震级和土层中任一点进行液化判别,引入土层埋深水位以及震级大小对基准值的修正系数。为了方便工程应用,也给出了按地震分组的液化判别方法。 相似文献
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目前相关规范主要依据工程场地单点的测试数据进行砂土液化判别,而实际的三维土层结构可能非常复杂。研究土层结构对砂土液化的影响机制,有利于提高砂土液化判别结果准确度。分析2008 年5 月28 日发生的松原MS地震和2010—2011 年新西兰坎特伯雷地震序列中砂土液化点的分布,结果显示:砂土液化点主要位于高弯度河流的沉积相地层,凹岸侧蚀、凸岸沉积形成的边滩具有典型的二元结构,其顶部分布的黏土类不透水层有利于下伏饱和粉细砂等易液化土层的超孔隙水压累积;而辫状河流沉积相中,上覆黏土类不透水层间断分布特征明显。针对河流不同沉积相的土层结构建立简化场地模型,使用FLAC3D 进行砂土液化数值模拟,揭示出不同土层结构中超孔隙水压力的累积、消散和渗流过程机制,结果表明,河流沉积相土层结构对砂土液化场点的分布和地表变形具有显著影响。在合理的工程地质分区基础上,现有的液化判别方法有必要考虑场地的土层结构的影响。 相似文献
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饱和砂土地震液化有可能诱发极为严重的破坏,已成为土动力学领域的重要研究课题之一。对液化的判别分为初判和复判。初判指根据已有的勘测资料或简单的测试手段,初步判别土层的液化可能。对于初判可能发生地震液化的土层,则再进行复判。鉴于土层液化的影响因素较多,我国规范建议采取经验方法,即标准贯入法,静力触探法,剪切波速法。单一判别方法都有局限性和适用范围,宜用各种方法综合判别。液化危害性评价使用危害性指标,分析液化对建筑物的危害程度。评价方法主要有液化指数法,震陷值法,谱强度比法和综合法。以评价指标为依据,划分液化影响的综合等级,全面反映液化危害程度。 相似文献
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饱和砂土地震液化有可能诱发极为严重的破坏,已成为土动力学领域的重要研究课题之一。对液化的判别分为初判和复判。初判指根据已有的勘测资料或简单的测试手段,初步判别土层的液化可能。对于初判可能发生地震液化的土层,则再进行复判。鉴于土层液化的影响因素较多,我国规范建议采取经验方法,即标准贯入法,静力触探法,剪切波速法。单一判别方法都有局限性和适用范围,宜用各种方法综合判别。液化危害性评价使用危害性指标,分析液化对建筑物的危害程度。评价方法主要有液化指数法,震陷值法,谱强度比法和综合法。以评价指标为依据,划分液化影响的综合等级,全面反映液化危害程度。 相似文献
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本文依托河海大学岩土所独立研发的程序WWCC,以广东省广珠东线中（山）-江（门）高速公路为工程背景,选取一处地基土层为基本模型,在三条不同地震波（人工波,汶川波E,汶川波N）作用下,通过动力有限元计算分析,对加载路基堆荷前后的地基土抗液化能力进行对比分析。结果表明公路地基在相同地震荷载作用下,增加路基堆荷后的抗液化能力明显提高,抗液化安全系数随着土层深度的增加逐渐增大,并通过改变路基的高度进一步分析路基荷载对地基土液化特性的影响。结果表明路基越高,地基土的抗液化能力越大。本文通过研究路堤对地基土液化特性的影响,证明路基荷载对公路工程抗液化是偏安全的。 相似文献
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地震液化型路堤边坡安全性问题涉及岩土工程与工程地震两个学科领域,是边坡工程与砂土液化的交叉课题。路堤边坡在地震时,因基础之下的砂土发生液化现象,会急剧发生地基承载力丧失、液化沉陷、侧向流动、液化喷砂、整体滑动等问题。应用NCEER液化评估方法(SPT)、Mononobe-Ok-abe方法、Koerner方法和Fellen ius方法,以抗液化安全系数、液化侧向流动安全系数、液化喷砂安全系数和抗滑安全系数为评价指标,系统对地震液化型路堤边坡安全性进行了分析、计算和评价。结果显示,文中方法对地震液化型路堤边坡安全性分析具有适用性。 相似文献
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液化场地土-地铁车站结构大型振动台模型试验研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
本文对浅埋于可液化南京细砂地基中的地铁车站结构进行了大型振动台试验研究,对部分试验结果进行了整理,分析了模型地基的加速度和振动孔隙水压力的反应规律。试验结果表明:在整个试验过程中,模型地基浅层土和地铁车站侧向附近地基土最容易发生液化;其次,随着振动台台面输入地震动峰值加速度的增大,离车站结构较远的侧向地基土和底层地基土再发生液化,而车站结构正下方的模型地基土最不容易液化。同时,在模型地基土发生液化后,地铁车站结构发生了明显的整体上浮现象。 相似文献
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Using controlled liquefaction, a seismic isolation technique is introduced by which a large area with dozens of structures can be seismically isolated. The proposed Large Scale Seismic Isolation (LSSI) is in many ways similar to conventional base isolations. The required bearing is provided by a fully undrained pre-saturated liquefiable layer which has substantial vertical stiffness/capacity and minimal lateral stiffness. Moreover, required energy dissipation would be provided through material damping and Biot flow-induced damping within the liquefied layer. LSSI consists of a thick nonliquefiable crust layer and an underlying engineered pre-saturated liquefiable layer bounded by two impermeable thin clay layers. The liquefiable layer should be designed to trigger liquefaction as soon as possible within the early seconds of a design level seismic event. Adopting the energy-based GMP liquefaction theory, optimum gradation of the liquefiable layer is also investigated. It turned out that LSSI would effectively reduce acceleration response spectrum within short to medium periods. Contribution of the proposed LSSI is more pronounced in the case of stronger ground motions such as near field events as well as ground motions with longer return periods. 相似文献
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通过成都平原砾性土场地勘察测试,研究汶川地震中大量砾性土液化场地的基本特性,找出一般规律,对砾性土场地液化发生主客观原因提出解释,并修正以往若干认识偏差.分析表明:汶川地震液化砾性土层粒径范围宽,含砾量5%~85%甚至更大,同时其实测剪切波速140~270 m·s~(-1),修正剪切波速160~314 m·s~(-1),都远超历史记录;液化砾性土场地1/2集中在Ⅷ度区内,表明如砂土层液化一样,砾性土场地大规模液化需要较强地震动触发,但超过触发强度后液化规模增长均有限;成都平原浅表地层二元基本结构是汶川地震中出现大量砾性土场地的客观条件之一,该结构可使饱和砾性土层处于封闭状态,构成了砾性土液化的基本条件;虽然液化砾性土层剪切波速很高,但实际上大多松散状态,是此次地震大量砾性土场地发生液化的客观条件之二;地震中地表(井中)喷出物与地下实际液化土类大相径庭,且液化层埋深大多小于6.0 m,以往以地表喷出物反推地下液化层土性类型的做法不再成立;认为砾性土层波速大、透水性好而不会液化的传统认识也不再成立,但砾性土层液化条件与砂土层液化条件不同,前者要求更高. 相似文献
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Three-dimensional liquefaction potential analysis using geostatistical interpolation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We applied three-dimensional geostatistical interpolation to evaluate the extent of liquefiable materials at two sites that liquefied during the 1994 Northridge Earthquake. The sites were the Balboa Blvd site and the Wynne Ave. site located in the alluvial San Fernando Valley. The estimated peak ground accelerations at the sites are 0.84 g (Balboa Blvd) and 0.51 g (Wynne Ave.). These sites were chosen because surface effects due to liquefaction were not predicted using available techniques based on thickness and depth of liquefiable layers (Ishihara [Ishihara K. Stability of natural deposits during earthquakes. Proceedings of the 11th international conference on soil mechanics and foundation engineering, vol. 1. Rotterdam, The Netherlands: A.A. Balkema; 1985. p. 321–76.]) and the Liquefaction Potential Index (Iwasaki et al. [Iwasaki T, Tatsuoka F, Tokida K, Yasuda S. A practical method for assessing soil liquefaction potential based on case studies at various sites in Japan. In: Proceedings of the second international conference on microzonation, San Francisco; 1978. p. 885–96.]). During the earthquake, both sites experienced surface effects including ground cracking and extension as a result of liquefaction. Foundations and buried utilities were damaged at both sites. The sites were investigated after the event by researchers with the United States Geologic Survey using standard penetration tests (SPT) and cone penetration tests. In this paper, liquefaction potential was estimated for each soil sample using results from SPTs according to the updated Seed and Idriss simplified procedure. The probability of liquefaction was estimated by applying an indicator transform to the results of the liquefaction potential calculation. We compared our results to detailed geologic mapping of the sites performed by other researchers. Using geostatistical interpolation to estimate the probability of liquefaction is a useful supplement to geologic evaluation of liquefaction potential. The geostatistical analysis provides an estimate of the continuous volume of liquefiable soil along with an assessment of confidence in an interpolation. The probability of liquefaction volumes compare well with those predicted using geologic interpretations. 相似文献
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Critical state soil mechanics is a useful framework to understand sand behavior. In this paper, a relationship is developed for estimating undrained critical shear strength of sands based on the critical state framework. The relationship is validated by comparison with laboratory test results and sand liquefied strength from field liquefaction failure case histories. Using this relationship, the influence of fines content on undrained critical shear strength is studied for different combinations of effective stress and density. The parametric study indicates that depending on soil void ratio, effective stress, and the shape and mineralogy of the fine particles, undrained critical strength may increase, remain the same, or decrease as the amount of fines content increases. Both the susceptibility to liquefaction and the severity of strain-softening are affected by adding fines. It is suggested that the critical state parameter is inadequate for describing the behavior of liquefiable sands and sand shearing-compressibility should be taken into account in liquefaction analysis. 相似文献
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Estimation of residual shear strength ratios of liquefied soil deposits from shear wave velocity 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Pelinzener 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2012,11(4):461-484
For sites susceptible to liquefaction induced lateral spreading during a probable earthquake, geotechnical engineers often need to know the undrained residual shear strength of the liquefied soil deposit to estimate lateral spreading displacements, and the forces acting on the piles from the liquefied soils in order to perform post liquefaction stability analyses. The most commonly used methods to estimate the undrained residual shear strength (Sur) of liquefied sand deposits are based on the correlations determined from liquefaction induced flow failures with SPT and CPT data. In this study, 44 lateral spread case histories are analyzed and a new relationship based on only lateral spread case histories is recommended, which estimates the residual shear strength ratio of the liquefiable soil layer from normalized shear wave velocity. The new proposed method is also utilized to estimate the residual lateral displacement of an example bridge problem in an area susceptible to lateral spreading in order to provide insight into how the proposed relationship can be used in geotechnical engineering practice. 相似文献
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The seismic response of pile foundations is a very complex process involving inertial interaction between structure and pile foundation, kinematic interaction between piles and soils, seismically induced pore-water pressures (PWP) and the non-linear response of soils to strong earthquake motions. In contrast, very simple pseudo-static methods are used in engineering practice to determine response parameters for design. These methods neglect several of the factors cited above that can strongly affect pile response. Also soil–pile interaction is modelled using either linear or non-linear springs in a Winkler computational model for pile response. The reliability of this constitutive model has been questioned. In the case of pile groups, the Winkler model for analysis of a single pile is adjusted in various ways by empirical factors to yield a computational model for group response. Can the results of such a simplified analysis be adequate for design in all situations?The lecture will present a critical evaluation of general engineering practice for estimating the response of pile foundations in liquefiable and non-liquefiable soils during earthquakes. The evaluation is part of a major research study on the seismic design of pile foundations sponsored by a Japanese construction company with interests in performance based design and the seismic response of piles in reclaimed land. The evaluation of practice is based on results from field tests, centrifuge tests on model piles and comprehensive non-linear dynamic analyses of pile foundations consisting of both single piles and pile groups. Studies of particular aspects of pile–soil interaction were made. Piles in layered liquefiable soils were analysed in detail as case histories show that these conditions increase the seismic demand on pile foundations. These studies demonstrate the importance of kinematic interaction, usually neglected in simple pseudo-static methods. Recent developments in designing piles to resist lateral spreading of the ground after liquefaction are presented. A comprehensive study of the evaluation of pile cap stiffness coefficients was undertaken and a reliable method of selecting the single value stiffnesses demanded by mainstream commercial structural software was developed. Some other important findings from the study are: the relative effects of inertial and kinematic interactions between foundation and soil on acceleration and displacement spectra of the super-structure; a method for estimating whether inertial interaction is likely to be important or not in a given situation and so when a structure may be treated as a fixed based structure for estimating inertial loads; the occurrence of large kinematic moments when a liquefied layer or naturally occurring soft layer is sandwiched between two hard layers; and the role of rotational stiffness in controlling pile head displacements, especially in liquefiable soils. The lecture concludes with some recommendations for practice that recognize that design, especially preliminary design, will always be based on simplified procedures. 相似文献
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为了经济、环保地达到改良处理减轻饱和黄土地基液化震害的目的,通过配备不同粉煤灰掺量的改良黄土进行动三轴试验,研究饱和粉煤灰改良黄土的动应力、动应变和动孔隙水压力变化特征,分析粉煤灰掺量对饱和改良黄土液化应力比、动残余变形和动孔隙水压力的影响规律,并结合微结构试验结果,探讨饱和粉煤灰改良黄土抗液化的物理化学机制。结果表明:粉煤灰掺量对饱和改良黄土的液化应力比、动应变和动孔隙水压力比均具有较为显著的影响。随着粉煤灰掺量的增加,饱和改良黄土的液化应力比持续增加,且当掺量达到15%后,继续增加粉煤灰掺量时改良黄土的液化应力比增加显著。饱和改良黄土的动应变和动孔隙水压力比均随着粉煤灰掺量的增加而减小;掺量达到25%后,饱和改良黄土不液化。饱和粉煤灰改良黄土的SEM细观结构试验照片中呈现大量的圆球状、粒状粉煤灰颗粒和絮凝状胶结物,表明其抗液化的物理化学机制主要包括粉煤灰的水化作用、胶体生成物和颗粒的填隙作用和粉煤灰对游离水的吸附作用。 相似文献