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1.
The reliability of inversion of apparent resistivity pseudosection data to determine accurately the true resistivity distribution over 2D structures has been investigated, using a common inversion scheme based on a smoothness‐constrained non‐linear least‐squares optimization, for the Wenner array. This involved calculation of synthetic apparent resistivity pseudosection data, which were then inverted and the model estimated from the inversion was compared with the original 2D model. The models examined include (i) horizontal layering, (ii) a vertical fault, (iii) a low‐resistivity fill within a high‐resistivity basement, and (iv) an upfaulted basement block beneath a conductive overburden. Over vertical structures, the resistivity models obtained from inversion are usually much sharper than the measured data. However, the inverted resistivities can be smaller than the lowest, or greater than the highest, true model resistivity. The substantial reduction generally recorded in the data misfit during the least‐squares inversion of 2D apparent resistivity data is not always accompanied by any noticeable reduction in the model misfit. Conversely, the model misfit may, for all practical purposes, remain invariant for successive iterations. It can also increase with the iteration number, especially where the resistivity contrast at the bedrock interface exceeds a factor of about 10; in such instances, the optimum model estimated from inversion is attained at a very low iteration number. The largest model misfit is encountered in the zone adjacent to a contact where there is a large change in the resistivity contrast. It is concluded that smooth inversion can provide only an approximate guide to the true geometry and true formation resistivity. 相似文献
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地表起伏地形在野外矿产资源勘察中不可避免,其对直流电阻率法勘探影响巨大.近年来,电阻率三维正演取得诸多进展,特别是应用非结构网格我们能够进行任意复杂地形和几何模型的电阻率三维数值模拟,但面向实际应用的起伏地形下电阻率三维反演依然困难.本文基于非结构化四面体网格,并考虑到应用GPS/GNSS时,区域地球物理调查中可非规则布设测网的实际特点,实现了任意地形(平坦或起伏)条件下、任意布设的偶极-偶极视电阻率数据的不完全Gauss-Newton三维反演.合成数据的反演结果表明了方法的有效性,可应用于复杂野外环境下的三维电法勘探. 相似文献
3.
时间域激发极化法(Time-domain induced polarization method,简称为TDIP)已有的反演算法采用的是分步反演的思路,即先由视电阻率资料反演电阻率,固定电阻率再由视极化率资料反演极化率,这样就存在极化率结果严重依赖于电阻率反演结果的问题.为了有效解决这一问题,本文实现了TDIP二维数据空间分步反演算法,提出了基于交叉梯度约束的TDIP二维同步反演策略,实现了交叉梯度约束的电阻率和极化率二维同步反演算法.分别用电阻率和极化率结构一致和不一致的二维模型合成数据进行了分步和同步反演试算,对不同模型试算结果进行了对比分析.结果表明:对于电阻率和极化率结构一致和不一致模型,同步反演结果比分步反演结果能更好地确定异常体的空间分布范围,反演得到的电阻率和极化率值更接近真值.理论模型算例表明本文提出的同步反演算法有效解决了分步反演的问题,优于分步反演算法,具有更好的实用性. 相似文献
4.
电阻率法和背景噪声法是通过获得地下介质的电阻率和速度参数的分布来探究地球内部物质分布的非均匀性特征,联合反演可以有效地发挥两种方法的优势,减小反演多解性.本文采用有限内存拟牛顿（L-BFGS）算法实现了电阻率法和背景噪声法的单方法三维反演,然后基于电阻率和速度模型结构耦合约束,采用交替迭代方式实现了电阻率法和背景噪声法的三维联合反演.通过设计规则体组合模型和不规则体组合模型进行理论模型合成数据三维反演试算,结果表明：联合反演可以获得同时满足数据拟合差和结构更为相似的速度-电阻率模型;联合反演可以压制背景噪声单方法反演出现的假异常,获得更精细的速度结构;联合反演获得的电阻率模型对倾斜异常体、高阻覆层下方异常体、圈闭的高/低阻体等边界信息有明显的提升,有效克服电阻率法单方法反演的局限,提高深部电阻率的分辨率. 相似文献
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6.
Raghu K. Chunduru Mrinal K. Sen Paul L. Stoffa R. Nagendra 《Geophysical Prospecting》1995,43(8):979-1003
The inversion of resistivity profiling data involves estimation of the spatial distribution of resistivities and thicknesses of rock layers from the apparent resistivity data values measured in the field as a function of electrode separation. The drawbacks of using traditional curve-matching techniques to solve this inverse problem have been overcome by iterative linear techniques but these require good starting models even if the shape of the causative body is asssumed known. In spite of the recent developments in inversion techniques, no robust method exists for the inversion of resistivity profiling data for the simple model of dikes and spheres which are the classical models of geophysical prospecting. We apply three different non-linear inversion schemes to invert synthetic resistivity profiling data for the classical models embedded in a uniform matrix of contrasting resistivity. The three non-linear algorithms used are called the Metropolis simulated annealing (SA), very fast simulated annealing (VFSA) and a genetic algorithm (GA). We compare the performance of the three algorithms using synthetic data for an outcropping vertical dike model. Although all three methods were successful in obtaining optimal solutions for arbitrary starting models, VFSA proved to be computationally the most efficient. 相似文献
7.
利用共轭梯度法的电阻率三维反演研究 总被引：72，自引：22，他引：50
利用共轭梯度（ＣＧ）迭代技术,实现了直流电阻率测量数据的三维最小构造反演。 首先,运用共轭梯度迭代算法解反问题的线性方程组,只需求Ｊａｃｏｂｉａｎ矩阵Ｇ与任一向量ｘ的 乘积Ｇｘ及ＧＴ与任何一向量ｙ的乘积ＧＴｙ,再引入Ｇ的Ｒｏｄｉ算法,则Ｇｘ及ＧＴｙ均可在每次反 演迭代中的一次正演计算后一并求得．因此,每次反演迭代仅需一次正演计算,大大加快了 计算速度;而且避免了直接求 Ｇ以及 ＧＴＧ的逆矩阵,也避免了存储 Ｇ和 ＧＴＧ所需庞大的存储 量。另外,由于反演参数太多,求模型光滑约束的最小构造反演能够有效地消除多余构造信 息,得到可靠的反演结果。将这３种方法和技术融合于三维反演中,取得了好的反演效果．为 改进传统最小构造反演收敛慢的问题,还提出了一种新的反演迭代技术,仅需１０次左右甚至 更少迭代即可收敛。 相似文献
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利用遗传算法进行不考虑近场校正的全场资料CSAMT反演研究.遗传算法属于全局最优化方法,具有对初始模型依赖小,不易陷入局部极值的优点,然而,当未知数较多时,多解性仍是该方法的瓶颈.为了减小多层反演的多解性,在反演中引入最小构造约束,针对CSAMT的遗传算法反演问题定义了最小构造目标函数,经过模型试验找到了其具体表达式,并找到了适合CSAMT资料反演的拉格朗日乘子的最佳取值μ=0.5,实现了基于遗传算法的CSAMT最小构造反演.利用H、A、K、Q和HKH、KHA模型对方法进行了数值试验,在无噪和加入10％噪声情况下,反演结果与模型一致;加入20％噪声后,反演仍取得良好结果,与理论模型基本吻合.将该方法用于水平层状地层和横向变化地层的实测资料反演,结果与地质资料吻合.不同的计算实例表明了该方法的有效性. 相似文献
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地电阻率多极距观测的目的是借助对观测数据的反演获得地下介质中不同层位真电阻率的变化.本文以3层结构为例,对地电阻率多极距观测的一维反演的效果进行了初步地理论研究.首先研究了一维地电阻率结构下观测数据一维反演的模拟效果,得到了各层电阻率值,且与真电阻率值很接近,说明在地下电性结构为一维的情况下,电阻率多极距观测可以区分出不同地层的电阻率变化.其次,考虑到台址下电阻率结构的复杂性,研究了上两层界面存在起伏的情况下,多极距观测数据一维反演的效果,结果显示:当电阻率变化较小时,各层反演得到的电阻率的变化与真电阻率十分符合;当上两层介质的电阻率变化较大时,各层反演得到的电阻率出现畸变,与真实电阻率的变化情况存在一定差别,表明浅层电阻率变化达到一定程度后将会影响对深部电阻率变化情况的正确判断.一般情况下,观测的时间间隔越短,则连续两次观测时段内各层介质的电阻率变化越小,因此缩短多极距观测的时间间隔可能是避免出现上述畸变现象的有效观测手段. 相似文献
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在利用不同的地球物理勘探方法对地下复杂介质成像时,因观测系统的非完备性及数据本身对某些岩石物性的不敏感性,单独成像的结果存在较大的不确定性和不一致性.对于地震体波走时成像与直流电阻率成像,均面临着成像阴影区问题.对于地震走时成像,地震射线对低速区域覆盖较差形成阴影区,造成低速区域分辨率降低.对于电阻率成像,电场线在高阻区域分布较少,造成高阻区域分辨率较低.为了提高地下介质成像的精度,Gallado和Meju(2003)提出了基于交叉梯度结构约束的联合地球物理成像方法.在要求不同的物性模型拟合各自对应的数据同时,模型之间的结构要求一致,即交叉梯度趋于零.为了更有效地实现基于交叉梯度的结构约束,我们提出了一种新的交替结构约束的联合反演流程,即交替反演不同的数据而且在反演一种数据时要求对应的模型与另一个模型结构一致.新的算法能够更容易地把单独的反演系统耦合在一起,而且也更容易建立结构约束和数据拟合之间的平衡.基于新的联合反演流程,我们测试了基于交叉梯度结构约束的二维跨孔地震走时和直流电阻率联合成像.合成数据测试表明,我们提出的交替结构约束流程能够很好地实现基于交叉梯度结构约束的联合成像.与单独成像结果相比,地震走时和全通道电阻率联合成像更可靠地确定了速度和电阻率异常. 相似文献
11.
由于航空电磁具有海量数据,因此快速有效的成像和反演手段至关重要.本文针对层状介质模型推导与实现了广义模型约束条件下时间域航空电磁一维反演.从正则化反演的目标函数出发,通过改变模型约束项构造Lp范数反演和聚焦反演,进而通过改变模型求解域构造出基于小波变换的稀疏约束反演.针对不同反演方法目标函数的构建方式,本文进一步从数学原理上分析不同反演方法的预期效果,并通过理论模型和实测数据进行验证.结果表明L0.8范数反演、聚焦反演和基于小波变换的稀疏约束反演可以得到更符合地下层状介质陡变界面的反演结果. 相似文献
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《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2006,58(3):218-231
This study deals with two-dimensional (2D) inversions of synthetic and observed radiomagnetotelluric (RMT) data on typical buried conductive waste sites in Europe, and with the practical aspects of different inversion algorithms. In the inversion calculations, we used smoothing and L2-norm stabilizers and compared the results. The resolution of the geometry of the highly conductive waste site, in particular, was investigated. In the inversion with the L2-norm stabilizer, we used the least-squares solution with singular value decomposition (LSSVD) and conjugate gradient (CG), whereas only the conjugate gradient solver was used in the 2D-inversion with the smoothing stabilizer. The inversion results of the synthetic data showed a better resolution of the geometry of the highly conductive waste site when a L2-norm stabilizer was applied in the inversion; in particular, a better detection of the bottom of the waste deposit was achieved. Additional model studies were carried out using synthetic RMT data in order to investigate the 2D inversion of RMT data observed on a 3D structure; these studies showed that the use of TM mode data yields a better resolution of the structure than joint inversion of TE and TM modes.2D inversions of RMT data on a waste site near Cologne showed that the inversion of the TM mode could resolve well the geometry, especially the bottom of the waste site, if information about the background conductivity structure was available. In this case study, inversion with the L2-norm stabilizer produced a sharper image of the waste site than inversion with the smoothing stabilizer, as indicated also by the inversion study that used synthetic data. 相似文献
13.
Indrajit G Roy 《Geophysical Prospecting》1999,47(4):527-550
Non-linear least-squares inversion operates iteratively by updating the model parameters in each step by a correction vector which is the solution of a set of normal equations. Inversion of geoelectrical data is an ill-posed problem. This and the ensuing suboptimality restrict the initial model to being in the near vicinity of the true model. The problem may be reduced by introducing damping into the system of equations. It is shown that an appropriate choice of the damping parameter obtained adaptively and the use of a conjugate-gradient algorithm to solve the normal equations make the 1D inversion scheme efficient and robust. The scheme uses an optimal damping parameter that is dependent on the noise in the data, in each iterative step. The changes in the damping and relative residual error with iteration number are illustrated. A comparison of its efficacy over the conventional Marquardt and simulated annealing methods, tested on Inman's model, is made. Inversion of induced polarization (IP) sounding is obtained by inverting twice (true and modified) DC apparent resistivity data. The inversion of IP data presented here is generic and can be applied to any of the IP observables, such as chargeability, frequency effect, phase, etc., as long as these observables are explicitly related to the DC apparent resistivity. The scheme is used successfully in inverting noise-free and noisy synthetic data and field data taken from the published literature. 相似文献
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为了提高二维大地电磁反演对异常体边界的刻画能力,我们引入曲波变换建立一种新的稀疏正则化反演方法.与传统的在空间域中对模型电阻率参数求解的方式不同,我们借助曲波变换将二维电阻率模型转换为曲波系数,并采用L1范数约束以保证系数的稀疏性.曲波变换是一种多尺度分析方法,其系数分为粗尺度系数和精细尺度系数,粗尺度的系数代表电阻率模型的整体概貌,而精细尺度中较大系数代表目标体的边缘细节.此外,曲波变换的窗函数满足各向异性尺度关系,并具有多方向性,因此曲波变换可以近似最佳地提取目标体的边缘特征信息,这为我们在反演中恢复边界提供有利条件.通过对大地电磁的理论模型合成数据和实测数据反演,验证了基于曲波变换稀疏正则化反演对异常体边界的刻画能力优于常规的L2范数和L1范数反演方法. 相似文献
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根据电磁波的传播特性，把视电阻率随周期变化的曲线转化为电阻率随深度变化的曲线，并以此作为初始反演的地电模型．通过初始地电模型得到的视电阻率曲线与真实模型的视电阻率曲线的对比，对初始地电模型的电阻率值进行校正．校正后的反演模型的视电阻率曲线与真实模型的视电阻曲线的拟合程度有所提高．然后如此反复进行多次校正，获得与真实模型更为接近的反演模型，反演的拟合误差一般小于ｌ％．模型试验和实际例子表明，该方法的拟合程度优于Ｂｏｓｔｉｃｋ法． 相似文献
16.
针对大地电磁二维反演中TE、TM极化模式的选择问题,设计了多个二维、三维模型进行了正演计算,从数据对比和反演结果对比两方面入手,分析研究了三维模型和二维模型响应数据的差异、反演中极化模式的选择、以及三维模型数据的二维反演近似等问题.研究结果表明:在三维模型条件下,利用二维模型进行反演时,TE模式对模型的二维的近似程度要求远高于TM模式;当三维结构影响较明显时,利用TM模式数据进行二维反演比利用TE模式或利用TE+TM模式联合反演都更合理,反演结果中的虚假结构明显减少;对于TM模式,相位受三维畸变影响较小,视电阻率较大,所以二维反演中可适当加大相位的权;对于实测数据的二维反演,应优先考虑采用TM模式数据进行二维反演,其次是TM+TE模式,一般不要单独采用TE模式. 相似文献
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为了有效解决目前大地电磁和地震走时资料单方法反演结果一致性不好的问题,同时克服基于岩石不同物性参数间关系耦合约束联合反演的局限性,本文研究了基于交叉梯度耦合约束的大地电磁与地震走时资料的三维联合反演算法.以较为成熟的天然地震走时资料三维正反演和大地电磁三维正反演算法为基础,实现了具有共同的反演网格,以交叉梯度结构耦合约束,并能同时获得电阻率和速度模型的三维联合反演算法.分别利用单棱柱体模型和双棱柱体模型合成数据进行了联合反演试算.结果表明:无论是单棱柱体模型还是双棱柱体模型,联合反演结果比单独反演对异常体的空间形态都有更好的恢复,其中单棱柱体模型反演的异常体电阻率更接近于真实电阻率,双棱柱体模型的联合反演结果不仅消除了围岩的部分电阻率假异常,而且增强了对异常体深部速度结构特征的恢复程度.联合反演还能同时改善电阻率和速度反向变化异常体的单独反演结果,进一步证明交叉梯度耦合不依赖于岩石物性关系,而强调地下结构的相似性,具有更普遍的适用性. 相似文献
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Since the true Earth is 3-D in nature, a three-dimensional (3-D) inversion has clear advantages over lower dimensional inversions. We utilized a 3-D magnetotelluric (MT) inversion code, WSINV3DMT, to obtain a realistic resistivity model using a long period MT data set collected in the Northwest Sabalan geothermal field in Ardabil, Iran. The apparent resistivity and phase curves, the magnetic induction vectors, the impedance polar diagrams and the rotational invariant of impedance tensor, indicate a complex 3-D conductivity structure. After setting up the model parameters and designing the appropriate block discretization, we performed the 3-D inversions for two sets of observed data; one set includes the full MT impedance tensor and another set contains only off-diagonal elements of the MT impedance. The final model was selected according to the relative magnitude of the data misfit and the model norm with respect to various Lagrangian multipliers. The results of this study illustrate the 3-D inversion of the off-diagonal elements of MT impedance tensor is precisely enough to explain the structures related to the geothermal source. The obtained results were compared with the results of available 2-D models and they are then interpreted using all of the geological and drilling data of the area. The main outcome of this study is the precise delineation of the geometry of geothermal source that is located at the center of the study area with a surface coverage of about 7 km2. 相似文献
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为了降低单一地球物理方法反演的多解性及受噪声的影响程度,本文围绕重力、磁法和大地电磁法开展了三维联合反演的研究.重、磁采用基于对数障碍法的正则化反演算法,大地电磁使用limited-memory BroydenFletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno(L-BFGS)反演算法,引入交叉梯度函数实现了三种物性结构的相互耦合,最终开发出一套重磁电三维联合反演算法,并实现MPI并行加速计算.通过理论模型算例验证了算法的准确性,结果表明:不论是单棱柱体模型还是组合棱柱体模型,联合反演结果相较单独反演对于异常体的空间形态刻画以及物性数值恢复具有较好的提升;单棱柱体模型算例使得异常体的物性参数(密度、磁化率和电阻率)更加接近于真实的物性参数;组合棱柱体模型的联合反演结果不仅仅消除了围岩物性参数的假异常,而且还增强了异常体边界结构的恢复程度. 相似文献
20.
Field test of sub‐basalt hydrocarbon exploration with marine controlled source electromagnetic and magnetotelluric data 
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下载免费PDF全文 David Myer David Alumbaugh Oliver Hermann Randall Hobbet 《Geophysical Prospecting》2015,63(5):1284-1310
The recent use of marine electromagnetic technology for exploration geophysics has primarily focused on applying the controlled source electromagnetic method for hydrocarbon mapping. However, this technology also has potential for structural mapping applications, particularly when the relative higher frequency controlled source electromagnetic data are combined with the lower frequencies of naturally occurring magnetotelluric data. This paper reports on an extensive test using data from 84 marine controlled source electromagnetic and magnetotelluric stations for imaging volcanic sections and underlying sediments on a 128‐km‐long profile. The profile extends across the trough between the Faroe and Shetland Islands in the North Sea. Here, we focus on how 2.5D inversion can best recover the volcanic and sedimentary sections. A synthetic test carried out with 3D anisotropic model responses shows that vertically transverse isotropy 2.5D inversion using controlled source electromagnetic and magnetotelluric data provides the most accurate prediction of the resistivity in both volcanic and sedimentary sections. We find the 2.5D inversion works well despite moderate 3D structure in the synthetic model. Triaxial inversion using the combination of controlled source electromagnetic and magnetotelluric data provided a constant resistivity contour that most closely matched the true base of the volcanic flows. For the field survey data, triaxial inversion of controlled source electromagnetic and magnetotelluric data provides the best overall tie to well logs with vertically transverse isotropy inversion of controlled source electromagnetic and magnetotelluric data a close second. Vertical transverse isotropy inversion of controlled source electromagnetic and magnetotelluric data provided the best interpreted base of the volcanic horizon when compared with our best seismic interpretation. The structural boundaries estimated by the 20‐Ω·m contour of the vertical resistivity obtained by vertical transverse isotropy inversion of controlled source electromagnetic and magnetotelluric data gives a maximum geometric location error of 11% with a mean error of 1.2% compared with the interpreted base of the volcanic horizon. Both the model study and field data interpretation indicate that marine electromagnetic technology has the potential to discriminate between low‐resistivity prospective siliciclastic sediments and higher resistivity non‐prospective volcaniclastic sediments beneath the volcanic section. 相似文献