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为求解震源处应力量值,运用大地震造成的应力方向偏转和地震应力降给出了求取震源处应力大小的方法.地震前后的应力方向可根据大量前震和余震震源机制统计给出;地震应力降可通过地震波或地壳形变资料的震源破裂反演研究得到.该研究对地震动力学具有一定的意义. 相似文献
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It has been observed for a long time that the high-frequency fall-off constant of source spectra is about 2 for "large" earthquakes and about 3 for "small" earthquakes. For earthquakes between "large" and "small", the highfrequency fall-off constant is not an integer and varies with the size of the earthquake. In this article such a variation is explained in the perspective of the scaling of stress drop, which proposes a new approach to the study of the scaling of stress drop using seismic data with lower quality of completeness and high-frequency characteristics. The study on the source spectra of the aftershocks of the 1988 Lancang-Gengma, Yunnan, China earthquake shows that the high-frequency fall-off of source spectra and its variation with the size of earthquake can be well explained by the model that for "large" earthquakes the stress drop is a constant while for "small" earthquakes the stress drop increases with the size of the earthquake. 相似文献
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利用遗传算法,搜索符合Brune ω^2模型的拐角频率（fc）及零频幅值（Ωc）的最佳值,测定浙江珊溪水库震区88条小震（1．5≤ML≤4．6）的地震矩（M0）、震源尺度（r）及静态应力降（△σ）。地震矩M0在10^10～10^14N·m范围内,与拐角频率fc遵循Mo∝fc^-3的规律;震源尺度和地震矩、应力降之间呈现多重标度特征,地震矩大于临界值2．3×10^12N·m（相应的震源尺度特征值约160m）时,震源尺度与地震矩的关系较强;而应力降（△σ）在震源尺度大于160m后基本趋向恒定,不随震源尺度的增大而增大。浙江珊溪水库震区自2002年7月以来,经历2次大规模的震群活动。震群释放的应力降大小与该震群的规模成正比关系,大的应力降集中在发震断层中段5～6km深度的区域,其发生时间既可以在主震之前,也可以在主震之后。 相似文献
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Crustal stress field holds an important position in geodynamics research, such as in plate motion simulations, uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau and earthquake preparation and occurrence. However, most of the crustal stress studies emphasize particularly on the determination of stress direction, with little study being done on stress magnitude at present. After reviewing ideas on a stress magnitude study from geological, geophysical and various other aspects, a method to estimate the stress magnitude in the source region according to the deflection of stress direction before and after large earthquakes and the stress drop tensor of earthquake rupture has been developed. The proposed method can also be supplemented by the average apparent stress before and after large earthquakes. The stress direction deflection before and after large earthquakes can be inverted by massive focal mechanisms of foreshocks and aftershocks and the stress drop field generated by the seismic source can be calculated by the detailed distribution of the earthquakes rupture. The mathematical relationship can then be constructed between the stress drop field, where its magnitude and direction are known and the stress tensor before and after large earthquakes, where its direction is known but magnitude is unknown, thereby obtaining the stress magnitude. The average apparent stress before and after large earthquakes can be obtained by using the catalog of broadband radiated energy and seismic moment tensor of foreshocks and aftershocks and the different responses to stress drops. This relationship leads to another estimation of stress magnitude before a large earthquake. The stress magnitude and its error are constrained by combining the two methods, which provide new constraints for the geodynamics study. 相似文献
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Stress drop assessment of the August 8, 2017, Jiuzhaigou earthquake sequence and its tectonic implications* 
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下载免费PDF全文 By using a broadband Lg attenuation model developed for the Tibetan Plateau, we isolate source terms by removing attenuation and site effects from the observed Lg-wave displacement spectra of the M7.0 earthquake that occurred on August 8, 2017, in Jiuzhaigou, China, and its aftershock sequence. Thus, the source parameters, including the scalar seismic moment, corner frequency and stress drop, of these events can be further estimated. The estimated stress drops vary from 47.1 kPa to 7149.6 kPa, with a median value of 59.4 kPa and most values falling between 50 kPa and 75 kPa. The estimated stress drops show significant spatial variations. Lower stress drops were mainly found close to the mainshock and on the seismogenic fault plane with large coseismic slip. In contrast, the highest stress drop was 7.1 MPa for the mainshock, and relatively large stress drops were also found for aftershocks away from the major seismogenic fault and at depths deeper than the zone with large coseismic slip. By using a statistical method, we found self-similarity among some of the aftershocks with a nearly constant stress drop. In contrast, the stress drop increased with the seismic moment for other aftershocks. The amount of stress released during earthquakes is a fundamental characteristic of the earthquake rupture process. As such, the stress drop represents a key parameter for improving our understanding of earthquake source physics. 相似文献
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运用走滑地震造成的地震前后应力方向偏转和地震应力降Δτ推导得到地震震源处偏应力量值τ的解析表达式为τ=［Δτcos2(φ′[KG-*2]P-E)］/sin2(φ′[KG-*2]P-φP)(其中，φ\-P和φ′[KG-*2]P分别为地震前后的统计P轴走向，E为地震断层走向.).当震前P轴与震后P轴与断层走向夹角为45°时，该公式失效.对偏应力值与应力降比值随应力场主压应力轴与断层走向夹角及应力场主压应力轴偏转的变化进行分析表明，相同应力降造成的应力轴偏转越大，地下偏应力越小; 断层走向越接近主压应力轴方向，地震应力降场对偏应力场的贡献越小.将该方法运用于Landers地震震源区，求得了该地震Homestead Valley段的偏应力量值为10MPa. 相似文献
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利用“十五”数字化后山西地震台网记录的612次 ML ≥2．0地震,使用中国地震局地震预测研究所推广的中小地震新参数计算软件,计算其中148次事件的震源新参数,对地震矩、矩震级、震源破裂尺度、应力降、拐角频率等参数间的定标关系做初步研究,得出 ML 震级与地震矩、矩震级间存在较好的线性正相关;震级与震源尺度间存在多项式关系;与应力降的对数呈显著正相关,当大于 ML 4．0后,随着震级的增大,释放的应力降略有变缓;与拐角频率的对数呈负相关。 相似文献
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采用河北测震台网资料,分析了张家口—渤海地震带2008—2018年1220条ML≥2.0地震的应力降。结果表明,应力降可能与应力有关,并且随震级的增加而出现不同尺度的变化,该区域应力降优势分布为0.70—3.00 MPa。 相似文献
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我们收集了紫坪铺水库区域台网记录到的2004年8月16日至2008年5月12日汶川地震前发生在震中区及附近区域的486个小震震源机制资料,运用碎裂分析法对这些震源机制数据进行分析,获得了汶川地震前3年多时间内震源区应力水平随时间的演化过程.结果显示,强震发生前震源及附近区域约在2007年6月发生了应力突变,出现了2个应力异常高值区,其形成过程同时伴随着龙门山中央断裂的应力水平降低,最终强震发生在高应力区和低应力区之间的应力梯度带上.汶川地震前应力状态的演化过程,类似于实验研究中出现的非均匀断层失稳前的地震成核现象,符合地震成核的宏观表现.巴颜喀拉块体的南边界-鲜水河断裂的短基线测量也显示出,在同一时间段鲜水河断裂南段由左旋滑动转为异常的右旋错动,反映了汶川强震前整个巴颜喀拉块体有向东加速运动的异常过程. 相似文献
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Variation of seismic source parameters and stress drops within a descending slab and its implications in plate mechanics 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A least-squares searching technique has been developed to estimate the source dimensions of intermediate and deep focus earthquakes using azimuthal variations of body wave pulse-widths. With this method and also amplitude data, modes of rupture propagation, seismic moments, and stress drops of 17 intermediate and deep focus earthquakes in the Tonga-Kermadec region have been determined in order to investigate variations in source properties and the state of stress within the descending slab there. Three different modes of rupture; unilateral, bilateral, and circular faults, are compared and tested against observations. Results indicate that the unilateral fault is the best model for most of the earthquakes studied. Stress drops of the 17 events vary within a very large range, from 20 bar to about 4.6 kbar, and change significantly with depth. The magnitude of stress drops for depths between 220 and 430 km is very much higher than at shallower depths. This change in stress drop magnitude at about 220 km-depth seems to reflect a change in material properties both in the mantle and within the slab. Two regions of high stress drop are observed at depths of about 360 and 640 km. A relative minimum of stress drop is found at about 450–560 km where the earthquake frequency is particularly high. Earthquakes at the northern end to the Tonga arc, where the Benioff zone is laterally bent, show systematically higher stress drops than other events at comparable depths, but away from the bend. Also, events in regions of low seismicity appear to have higher stress drops than those in regions of high seismicity. The upper bound of seismic efficiency is found to decrease with depth, implying an increase of frictional force with depth at the earthquake source. 相似文献
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The orbit perturbation of meteorologic satellite is used for the inversion of stress drop dynamic field of regional crustal
structure. Rapid scanning over vast area is carried out to obtain short term earthquake-generating precursor field of seismic
source and near-source districts in order to predict the three earthquake elements: epicenter, magnitude and commencement
time of earthquake with the same effect as weather forecast. Taking the strong earthquakes that occurred in recent years in
the NW of Yunnan as examples, direct deduction has been made for Lijiang and Wuding earthquakes, and curves of dynamic characteristics
of stress drop before and after earthquakes as well as abnormal fluctuations of precursor stress drop and commencement time
of earthquake have been plotted. 相似文献
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本文利用紫坪铺水库台网记录到的波形资料,计算了2004～2008年170个ML≥1.0级地震的震源参数.紫坪铺水库震源参数计算结果与其他大陆地区有明显不同:(1)拐角频率远低于其他大陆地区结果,表明库区地震波传播经过了较强的衰减过程;(2)视应力计算结果比其他地区小3个数量级,可能是由于库区地震波的高频成分衰减强烈,低估了能量集中在高频的小地震的地震辐射能量.分析了蓄水前后拐角频率和地震矩以及视应力和地震矩关系(视应力标度率)变化,结果表明:相同地震矩的地震蓄水后拐角频率增加,地震高频成分相对丰富;蓄水前视应力与地震矩的关系不明显,蓄水后视应力随地震矩的增加而增加.视应力标度率的改变可能是蓄水后地震震源物理过程逐渐改变的直接反映. 相似文献
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应用2011年1月-2015年4月柯坪块体及周边数字地震台站（38°-42.5°N，75°-80.5°E）记录的3.0 ≤ M ≤ 5.0地震事件，结合柯坪块体介质品质因子和各台站场地响应，计算各地震应力降、地震矩、震源破裂半径、拐角频率等新震源参数，并研究各背景值变化特征及彼此间对应关系。结果表明：柯坪块体地区地震震级与地震矩、矩震级、震源尺度之间表现为较好的正相关性，与地震拐角频率之间呈负相关。地震矩与震源破裂尺度整体呈正相关，但当震源破裂尺度较小时，地震矩变化不大，当震源破裂尺度大于250 m时，地震矩随震源破裂尺度的增大变化较快。由柯坪块体应力降时间分布特征分析可知，研究区具有地震前应力降呈现高值异常、震后缓慢恢复低值的演化过程。 相似文献
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糯扎渡水库地区地震活动和震源参数研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用糯扎渡水库台网和景洪水库台网记录的地震波形反演震源谱, 计算了2011年1月至2014年3月糯扎渡水库附近143个1.0级以上地震的震源参数。 分析研究发现: ① 糯扎渡水库蓄水后, 库区内地震活动明显增强, 尤其是在水位上升3~4个月后; ② 水库开始蓄水后, 库区内地震震源深度变浅, 一段时间以后则与库区外的差别减小; ③ 地震拐角频率随地震矩增大而减小, 且蓄水以后, 库区内地震拐角频率的对数与地震矩的对数线性关系更明显; ④ 应力降、 视应力与地震矩存在正相关关系, 且相同地震矩时库区内的应力降与视应力低于蓄水前和库区外的地震应力降与视应力值; ⑤ 蓄水对库区内地震的影响可延伸至库底10 km深度处, 且在3~6 km深度内影响最大、 库区内外地震频度与视应力均值差异最显著。 相似文献
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在对山西地区的非弹性衰减系数、场地响应和震源新参数各量关系初步研究之后,利用山西地区2008年8月-2012年5月间发生的ML2.0级以上地震612次,计算其中148次地震的震源新参数.着重研究该时间段内山西地震带连续发生的5次ML4.0级以上地震震源区的背景应力降,阳曲震区的平均应力降为2.586 MPa,其它4个震区都在1～2 MPa间.分析发现山西中部的阳曲震源区、原平震源区、大同震源区震后应力降趋于平稳的低位,而山西中南部地区的洪洞、河津2震源区附近的地震应力降在震后仍处于不断积累、逐步增强的趋势,所以应密切关注山西中南部地区的震情形势. 相似文献
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Statistical relations between different earthquake parameters, such as M0 (seismic moment), ES (seismic energy), τa (apparent stress), A (rupture area), g (average slip acceleration), are investigated. For this purpose, a kinematic earthquake model representing averaged earthquake rupture process is formulated. The model implies a scaling relationship for τa as a function of three other parameters, related to kinematic (M0), geometric (A) and material (g) source characteristics, which, according to the model, can change independently. This scaling relation is used to explain statistical trends that characterize different earthquake data sets (including micro-, small, moderate and large events) plotted in the log τa − log M0 space, and to determine the area in this space, where typical earthquakes occur. The scaling relationship is interpreted in terms of the apparent stress minimum (i.e., the most uniform among the possible earthquake rupture patterns). It is concluded that, although the apparent stress increases on an average with increasing seismic moment, small and large earthquakes are essentially similar. 相似文献
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汶川8.0级地震前区域应力场动态研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用成都、昆明遥测数字地震波形记录资料,研究大量小震震源机制解和视应力值,分析了区域应力场动态和视应力值的时-空分布.给出川青地块平均应力场方位的时间变化.川青地块平均主应力场的方位在汶川8.0级地震前出现明显扰动,同时,地块力轴张量的倾角变化也很明显.得出2006～2007年川青块体逆冲型地震比例偏高,汶川8.0级地震前区域中小地震震源错动类型发生变化的结果,与区域地形变的分析结果是一致的.根据地震波形全波段计算辐射能量,求得的视应力σapp值揭示区域视应力值的微动态起伏过程与区域主压应力场方位的转折类似,可用于地块蕴震物理过程的探索.从汶川8.0级地震前的中短期视应力σapp值的空间分布看,震中所在的龙门山断裂带是低应力分布区,而相对高视应力则分布在外围地区.这些图像可能揭示了汶川8.0级地震前中短期发震构造附近呈现的闭锁现象. 相似文献