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针对煤矿地质勘探中TEM面积性探测获取的三维数据体,基于Matlab语言对其三维可视化技术进行研究与实践.阐述煤矿TEM三维数据体格式及其可视化要求,提出‘立体图’、‘切片图’和‘等值面图’三种综合性可视化方式,论述使用Matlab语言调用Surfer库函数进行二次开发实现TEM测线数据的批量网格化,解决了煤矿TEM数据体的不规则性问题.同时论述三维可视化技术中关于表面图、三维曲线图、等值线、等值面等三维图形的关键绘制技术与应用函数,实现规则TEM数据体的基本图形表达.在以上工作基础上,作者开发出相应的三维可视化应用软件,通过实例展示其丰富、实用的显示功能.该软件为煤矿TEM资料的处理与解释工作提供了新手段,帮助提高对TEM解释结果的认知能力和资料解释水平. 相似文献
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三维可视化解释技术是一项全新的地震解释技术,与传统的地震资料解释有着本质的不同,它是从三维可视化显示出发,以地质体或三维研究区块为单元,采用点、线、面和体相结合的数据体空间可视化解释。该技术结合相干体技术可进行复杂断层的解释与组合;应用空间域层位自动追踪技术能够准确落实构造形态;采用目标雕刻技术,利用反演数据体可实现立体透视岩性体的空间展布及厚度趋势。将该技术应用在大港油田官西地区复杂断块构造解释和歧南西斜坡隐蔽油气藏储层预测两项实际工作中,取得了良好效果,表明可视化解释技术在石油勘探中具有广阔的应用前景,是提高勘探效率和勘探成功率的有效技术手段。 相似文献
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基于大地电磁阻抗张量分解技术,本文提出了两种电性主轴方位的统计描述图像：随频率变化的统计分布成像（频率分布云图）和随测点序列变化的统计分布成像（测点分布云图）.这两种图像与传统的统计玫瑰图一起,较全面地描述了最佳主轴的分布特征.在进行构造维性分析过程中,通过定义二维有效因子e2d,来压制一维结构和三维结构、突出纯二维结构的影响.e2d被用于电性主轴的统计加权,有效地起到了滤波的作用;同时,统计成像中还考虑了数据质量的影响.为了得到稳定、高质量的区域阻抗张量数据,提出并实现了共主轴的多测点-多频点阻抗张量分解新算法.最终,完成了以上各项处理手段的可视化实现.本文通过两个理论模型和一个实测算例,以共轭阻抗法（CCZ法）为基础,展示了这一新技术的有效性. 相似文献
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稀疏测线大地电磁资料三维反演研究:合成算例(英文) 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
受勘探成本和工区环境等因素的影响,当前大多数大地电磁实际工作采取布置稀疏测线采集数据和使用二维反演方法解释这些稀疏测线数据的方式。然而,二维反演方法在解释三维地电构造数据时存在局限性,有时甚至做出错误的地质解释。本文尝试了使用三维反演方法对大地电磁稀疏测线数据进行反演解释。使用大地电磁全信息资料三维共轭梯度反演程序对理论模型合成稀疏测线数据进行了三维反演。结果表明:这种反演方案是可行与有效的。同时,我们发现在不同数据的三维反演结果中,四个张量阻抗元素和两个倾子数据同时反演的结果相对更为准确,更接近理论模型。 相似文献
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遥感技术应用于地震研究中的一个重要方面是利用遥感图像的宏观性解译地震活动的构造背景。该项目主要利用遥感及GIS地理信息软件合成数字遥感图像并利用数字高程模型DEM生成三维地貌影像图，与城市房屋等数字图层叠加，建立与地理图层相连的属性数据库，实现断层与地面建筑关系的实时查询，并对用于构造背景的三维立体模型的显示、可视化飞行技术进行初步研究，以期在城市活断层研究中得到应用。 相似文献
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机载LiDAR技术为描绘活动构造相关构造地貌和最新的地表形变提供更精确的基础数据。如何将LiDAR新技术、新数据应用于活动构造填图和活动断层地震危险性评价等方面,是今后活动构造研究领域的一个重要的发展方向。文中以新疆天山北麓的独山子背斜-逆冲断裂带为试验区,开展了基于LiDAR数据的活动构造填图实验研究。首先,采用机载LiDAR技术进行数据采集,获得点云密度为6.6个/m2、平均点间距为0.39m的LiDAR原始数据;其次,利用试验区内12个测量精度可达mm级的GPS静态测量点评估LiDAR的相对垂直精度为0.12m、均方差值为0.078m;最后,对密度为6.4个/m2的地面点云数据进行DEM最佳分辨率评估,利用反距离权重算法获得0.5m分辨率的数据高程模型(DEM)。该分辨率的DEM数据足以完成独山子背斜-逆冲断裂带的精细构造地貌特征的确定以及高精度的空间解译。文中仅使用DEM可视化工具从不同虚拟的视角、不同色度或其他处理方式来识别微构造地貌、划分地貌面和确定断层位置等,宏观上获得与前人通过航片解译和野外调查一致的断裂分布特征,微观上较前者具有更高的精细程度。此外,数据采集、数据质量检验、数据处理及数据应用等技术和方法适用于其他能够获得LiDAR地形数据的活动断裂研究工作。 相似文献
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本次研究,我们采用规则矩形网格进行地震反射层位解释数据的网格化,运用普通克里金法进行数据场插值,建立起反射层构造起伏的精细模型,然后在Borland C++ Builder 6.0集成开发环境中,运用C++语言调用OpenGL图形函数,绘制出描述反射层构造起伏的三维可视化显示图形.在三维可视化显示图形上,不仅可以灵活地指定颜色,切换显示模式、进行垂向夸张等静态显示,而且还可以进行无级缩放、拖动漫游、三维旋转等动态显示. 相似文献
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数字地形分析是活动构造和构造地貌研究中的一种重要手段，目前已被广泛应用于地表过程分析中。随着高精度数字地形数据获取的日益便捷，精细定量化研究地貌参数已成为一个重要趋势。呼图壁断裂和独山子断裂位于天山山脉北麓，地表迹线十分典型而显著。在这2个区域内，前人已经完成了区域大比例尺活动断裂地质地貌填图，并发表了大量研究成果。因此，它们是十分理想的探索断层迹线自动化提取方法的2个区域。在实际提取过程中，根据逆断层陡坎的倾向是否与其所在地貌面坡向一致，文中分别定义了正向和反向逆断层陡坎。基于对这2种不同断层陡坎形态的分析，利用ArcGIS软件平台并选择恰当的地貌参数实现了对断层地表迹线的提取。通过坡度计算、冲沟提取、数据密度分析和流程建模等步骤，建立了2套智能化提取流程。最终提取结果与以往的地质地貌填图和遥感数据目视解译结果基本一致。除此之外，独山子研究区的提取结果还揭露了未曾被识别的反向断层陡坎迹线。这不仅说明文中提出的方法具有很好的适用性，同时也能够提取十分细小的逆断层地表迹线。与传统方法相比，这种人机交互式的半自动化方法大大提高了工作效率。但是，如何真正实现任意地质构造背景中逆断层地表迹线的... 相似文献
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AI Ming BI Hai-yun ZHENG Wen-jun YIN Jin-hui YUAN Dao-yang REN Zhi-kun CHEN Gan LIU Jin-rui 《地震地质》2018,40(6):1276-1293
With the development of photogrammetry technology and the popularity of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)technology in recent years, using UAV photogrammetry technology to rapidly acquire high precision and high resolution topographic and geomorphic data on the fault zone has gradually become an important technical means. This paper first summarizes the basic principle and workflow of a new digital photogrammetry technology, SfM (Structure from Motion), which is simple, efficient and low cost. Using this technology, we conducted aerial image acquisition and data processing for a typical fault landform on the northern of Caka Basin in Qinghai. The digital elevation model (DEM)with 6.1cm/pix resolution is generated and the density of point cloud is as high as 273 points/m2. The coverage area is 0.463km2. Further, the terrain and slope data parallel to the fault direction are extracted by topographic analysis method, and combined with the contour map and the slope diagram generated by the DEM, a fine interpretation and quantitative study of complex multilevel geomorphic surfaces is carried out. Finally, based on the results of sophisticated interpretation of geomorphology, we got the vertical displacements of the T1 terrace to the T3 terrace as (1.01±0.06)m, (1.37±0.13)m and (3.10±0.11)m, and the minimum vertical displacements of the T4 terrace and the T5 terrace as (3.77±0.14)m and (5.46±0.26)m, respectively, through the topographic profile data extracted by DEM. Such vertical displacement parameters are difficult to obtain directly by traditional remote sensing images, which shows the great application prospect of UAV photogrammetry technology in the quantitative study of active tectonics. 相似文献
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APPLICATION OF TOPOGRAPHIC SLOPE AND ELEVATION VARIATION COEFFICIENT IN IDENTIFYING THE MOTUO ACTIVE FAULT ZONE 
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下载免费PDF全文 YANG Xiao-ping WANG Ping LI Xiao-feng XIE Chao ZHOU Ben-gang HUANG Xiong-nan 《地震地质》2019,41(2):419-435
The eastern Himalaya syntaxis is located at the southeastern end of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and is the area where the Eurasian plate collides and converges with the Indian plate. The Namjabawa is the highest peak in the eastern section of the Himalayas, and the Yarlung Zangbo River gorge is around the Namjabawa Peak. The NE-striking Aniqiao Fault with right-lateral strike-slip is the eastern boundary fault of the Namjabawa syntaxis. Motuo Fault is in the east of and parallel to the Aniqiao Fault, distributing along the valley of the Yarlung Zangbo River. The section of Yarlung Zangbo River valley at the eastern side of the Namjabawa area is located in the southern foothills of the Himalayas and belongs to the subtropical humid climate zone with dense tropical rainforest vegetation. Dense vegetation, large terrain elevation difference, strong endogenetic and exogenic forces, and abundant valley deposition bring enormous difficulty to the research on active faults in this area.
Since 1990s, surface morphology can be quantitatively expressed by digital elevation models as the rapid development of remote sensing technology. Geomorphic types and their characteristics can be quantified by geomorphological parameters which are extracted from DEM data, describing geomorphologic evolution and tectonic activity. But to date, researches based on quantitative geomorphic parameters are mainly focus on the differential uplift of regional blocks. In the study and mapping of active faults, surface traces of active faults are acquired by visual interpretation of remote sensing images. It has not been reported to identify the location of active faults via the change of quantitative geomorphic parameters. The distribution map of topographic elevation variation coefficient is suitable to reflect the regional erosion cutting and topographic relief, and the places with higher topographic elevation variation coefficient are more strongly eroded. In this paper, we attempt to identify the active faults and explore their distribution in the Yarlung Zangbo Gorge in the east of the Namjabawa Peak based on the application of two quantitative geomorphic parameters, namely, the topographic slope and the elevation variation coefficient.
Using the DEM data of 30m resolution, two quantitative geomorphic parameters of topographic slope and elevation variation coefficient in Namjabawa and its surrounding areas were obtained on the ArcGIS software platform. On the topographic slope distribution map, the slope of the eastern and western banks of the Yarlung Zangbo River near Motuo is steep with a slope angle of more than 30°. Under the background of steep terrain, there are gentle slope belts of 5°~25° distributing intermittently and NE-striking. On the distribution map of topographic elevation variation coefficient, the elevation variation coefficient of the Yarlung Zangbo River near Motuo is greater than 0.9. On the background of the high topographic fluctuation area, it develops gently topographic undulating belts with elevation variation coefficient of 0.2~0.9. The belts are intermittently distributed and northeastern trending. Through the field geological and geomorphological investigation and trench excavation, it is found that the abnormal strips of the above-mentioned geomorphological parameters are the locations where the active faults pass. The above results show that the quantitative analysis of the topographic slope and the coefficient of variation of elevation can help us find active faults in areas with large terrain slope, serious vegetation coverage and high denudation intensity. 相似文献
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APPLICATION OF SEMIAUTOMATIC EXTRACTION OF FLUVIAL TERRACES BASED ON R LANGUAGE-AN EXAMPLE FROM THE YELLOW RIVER TERRACES AT MIJIA SHAN 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 YAO Wen-qian LIU-ZENG Jing Michael Oskin HAN Long-fei LI Xue WANG Heng XU Xin-yue LI Zhan-fei ZHANG Jin-yu 《地震地质》2019,41(2):363-376
The generation, abandonment and preservation of terraces formed in active tectonic areas are important to the analysis of the role of the tectonics and climate along the temporal variations, so it appears significant as how to use the effective quantitative methods to extract and accurately depict these terraces. The increasingly convenient acquisition of high-precision topographic data has greatly promoted the advancement of quantitative research in geoscience, making it possible to analyze mid-micro-geomorphic features on a large scale, especially by studying the temporal and spatial evolution of tectonic deformation through accurate capture of micro-geomorphic features. Over the past decade, the rapid development of LiDAR(Light Detection and Ranging)technology has provided unprecedented opportunity to access high-precision topographic data(up to centimeter in vertical and horizontal directions). However, its relatively high cost and relatively complex data processing techniques limit its widespread application in the field of earth sciences. In recent years, with the continuous innovation and advancement of topographic measurement technology, the three-dimensional structure of motion reconstruction technology(Structure from Motion, SfM)has gradually been introduced into the field of digital topographic photogrammetry due to its rapid advantage in providing quick, convenient and cost-effective methods for obtaining high-density geospatial point data. This method thus shows great potential for providing high resolution topographic data with comparable resolution and precision. Therefore, with the acquisition of more and more high-resolution terrain data in recent years, it is an important development trend to explore automated or semi-automated quantitative geomorphological analysis methods. R language, as an excellent programming language, has not been used in the geology and geomorphology, although is widely applied in medicine and meteorology based on its powerful capability of statistician and graphic visualization. In this paper, we focus on the Yellow River multi-terraces formed to the east of the Mijia Shan, which belongs to the Jingtai-Hasi Shan segment of the Haiyuan Fault. With the analysis and visualization of the high-resolution topographic data collected from the SfM in the environment of the R language, we implement the semiautomatic classification and mapping of the Yellow River multi-terraces. The method identifies 20 terraces with different elevation. Our results also imply that the younger terraces have better continuity and elongation, and the older terraces have more deformation, which can be demonstrated from their gradually notable semi-parabolic shape. Besides this, it also suggests the diverse evolution stages of the Yellow River terraces. Our study indicates that R language is expected to become an efficient tool of statistics and visualization of the high-resolution topographic data. 相似文献
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Determining the extent of flooding is an important role of the hydrological research community and provides a vital service to planners and engineers. For large river systems located within distant settings it is practical to utilize a remote sensing approach. This study combines a remote sensing and geomorphic approach to delineate the extent of a large hurricane generated flood event in the lower Pánuco basin (98,227 km2), the seventh largest river system draining into the Gulf of Mexico. The lower Pánuco basin is located within the coastal plain of eastern Mexico and has a complex alluvial valley. Data sources included a Landsat 5TM and Landsat 7ETM+ scene, and topographic and particle size data from fieldwork and laboratory analysis. The Landsat 5TM image was acquired after the peak of a large flood event in 1993, whereas the Landsat 7ETM+ scene was acquired during the dry season in 2000. The increasing number of days between flood crest and the date of flood image acquisition along the river valley provided the opportunity to examine several methods of flood delineation and to consider differences in floodplain geomorphology. Backswamp environments were easily delineated in flooded reaches within the Panuco and Tamuin valleys, whereas in the Moctezuma valley more sophisticated methods were required because of the greater time between image acquisition and flood peak, and the complex floodplain topography. This included Principal Component (PC) analysis and image classification. Within the floodplain, residual Holocene terraces complicated flood mapping. Classification of both images allowed consideration of the influence of permanent standing water. Although the flooded areas were greater in the lower reaches of the study area, because this portion of the valley contained large floodplain lakes, the amount of inundation was actually lower. Remote sensing offers the ability to examine large alluvial valleys in distant settings but does not imply that geomorphic criteria should be excluded. Indeed, because of heterogeneous floodplain topography this study illustrates the importance of including field based geomorphic analysis so that the complexity of distinct floodplain environments are considered. The findings from this study are significant because most remote sensing data obtained for the purpose of flood mapping will not coincide with the flood crest. Thus, this study provides an appropriate method for mapping flood inundation in large and complex floodplain settings after flood crest recession. 相似文献
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The study of urban area is one of the hottest research topics in the field of remote sensing. With the accumulation of high-resolution(HR) remote sensing data and emerging of new satellite sensors, HR observation of urban areas has become increasingly possible, which provides us with more elaborate urban information. However, the strong heterogeneity in the spectral and spatial domain of HR imagery brings great challenges to urban remote sensing. In recent years, numerous approaches were proposed to deal with HR image interpretation over complex urban scenes, including a series of features from low level to high level, as well as state-of-the-art methods depicting not only the urban extent, but also the intra-urban variations. In this paper, we aim to summarize the major advances in HR urban remote sensing from the aspects of feature representation and information extraction. Moreover, the future trends are discussed from the perspectives of methodology, urban structure and pattern characterization, big data challenge, and global mapping. 相似文献
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桑干河发源于山西宁武县, 向NE方向流经大同—阳原盆地和王家湾山地流入怀涿盆地。 桑干河阳原—涿鹿段河流阶地发育较好, 对其阶地的研究有助于更好地理解桑干河的演化及其流经区域的构造活动特征。 而桑干河阳原—涿鹿段地貌演化对了解阳原古湖和怀涿古湖的演变有重要意义。 本文通过遥感影像解译及对高分辨率DEM数据分析, 结合实地测量, 综合研究了阳原—涿鹿段桑干河阶地的发育特征。 结果表明, 该区的构造活动强烈, 经历了断块差异性升降运动; 受差异运动的影响, 该段桑干河经历了被分为东西两支河流, 最终又重新贯通的演化过程。 相似文献
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郯庐断裂带明光-庐江段遥感特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用ETM+、KH卫星影像资料,对郯庐断裂带明光-庐江段开展详细的遥感解译工作,分析其构造地貌及几何展布,并结合现场地质调查加以验证。结果表明,郯庐断裂带明光-庐江段的4条主干断裂在遥感影像中均有表现;西支2条断裂北段明显,南段隐伏,断层沿线发育串珠状湖泊、断塞塘、线性陡坎、弧形等构造;东支2条断裂全段影像线性特征均明显,断层通过处地形凹槽带、线性陡坎、刀砍状断层崖等地貌特征极为发育;野外调查发现,在线性影像特征较明显的地方,断层破碎带均发育,有的宽达几十米,且性质变化明显,该段具有多期多次复杂活动特征。综合遥感解译及现场调查研究认为,本文获得了郯庐断裂带明光-庐江段构造地貌特征及地表几何分布,为该区域地震危险性评价提供了依据。 相似文献
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遥感影像识别方法是破坏性地震震后地质灾害快速、准确获取的重要方法之一,传统的遥感影像识别方法主要以人工目视识别方法和半自动识别方法为主,需投入大量的人力和时间。针对破坏性地震震后地质灾害解译时间长、投入人力多等问题,以2017年8月8日四川九寨沟7.0级地震震后高分辨率无人机遥感影像为研究样本,提出基于深度学习网络的地震地质灾害识别方法。首先结合震后遥感影像解译资料和现场调查资料,提取九寨沟地震地质灾害无人机遥感影像特征,并构建研究区地震地质灾害解译指标和分类数据集;然后采用DeepLabv3+网络结构及softmax损失函数,建立基于深度学习网络的地震地质灾害遥感影像图像语义分割模型方法;最后采用半监督学习方法进行结果验证。研究结果表明,基于深度学习网络的地震地质灾害识别方法可有效识别九寨沟地震地质灾害分布信息,整体分类识别准确率为94.22%,F1分数值为0.77,结果具有较好的一致性和准确性,可提升地震现场灾情获取和重点地震隐患识别等工作效率及服务能力。 相似文献