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《地震地质》2021,43(3)
石底泉背斜位于柴达木盆地北缘宗务隆山与红山围限的山间盆地内,与怀头他拉背斜、德令哈背斜构成宗务隆山山前的第1排褶皱构造,限定石底泉背斜的构造地貌特征对研究柴达木盆地北缘构造变形、地壳缩短和青藏高原的向N扩展具有重要意义。文中通过地质地貌填图、高精度差分GPS地形剖面测量、地质剖面测绘和宇宙成因核素定年等方法,获得了石底泉背斜的构造地貌特征。基于宇宙成因核素定年获得构成褶皱主体的Fan3洪积扇的年龄为(158.32±15.54) ka,该年龄与共和运动同期,表明石底泉背斜的形成响应了青藏高原东北缘的共和运动。综合洪积扇变形量和废弃年代,获得石底泉背斜自158ka BP以来的隆升速率为(0.06±0.01) mm/a,缩短速率为(0.05±0.01) mm/a。石底泉背斜的褶皱作用表明,在柴达木盆地北缘,山间盆地的褶皱作用与山前逆断裂的逆冲缩短相同,均对造山带前陆的地壳缩短具有重要的调节作用。 相似文献
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祁漫塔格北缘断裂处于青藏高原内部造山带地区,其构造活动反映了青藏高原的构造演化特征。本文采用活动构造和构造地貌相结合的研究方法,对该断裂的活动性进行初步分析研究。首先采用航卫片解译和野外调查,发现该断裂断错了山前全新世冲洪积扇,形成的断层陡坎高度在1.5~2.5m。通过扩散方程,并参考前人研究结果,认为祁漫塔格北缘断裂晚第四纪的抬升速率初步限定在1~2mm/a。我们基于数字高程模型提取的地形高程纵剖面和面积-高程积分,其结果也支持祁漫塔格北缘存在构造活动。 相似文献
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1 区域构造背景与活动性位于南天山、帕米尔、塔里木三大构造单元聚合部位的喀什坳陷北缘 ,是我国大陆内部现今强震活动最为活跃的地区之一 ,在大地构造上属于塔里木西南坳陷 ;北部为南天山褶皱带 ,西南为西昆仑 -帕米尔褶皱带 ,南部与东部为塔里木盆地 .其构造形式与活动性受控于南天山与帕米尔的对冲挤压活动 ,即该区活动构造主要以近东西向或北东东向展布 ,以逆冲挤压活动为主 ,兼具左旋走滑运动 ;南西部活动构造以向北凸出的弧形展布为特点 ,西段近东西展布 ,南东段呈北西向展布 ,构造弧顶及西段以逆冲挤压活动为主 ,南东段以右旋逆走… 相似文献
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狮子沟断裂位于柴达木盆地西南缘英雄岭背斜南翼。对狮子沟断裂晚第四纪构造变形进行分析,有助于理解该区长期的构造演化和地震地质灾害的评价。通过对该断裂带构造地貌调查、断层剖面和探槽研究,得到以下认识:狮子沟断裂是一条向SW方向逆冲的全新世活动断裂,断裂的逆冲活动一部分沿着山前分支断层,该分支错断了全新世早中期的冲洪相地层,晚更新世中期以来的最小垂直活动速率为0.12~0.15 mm/a;另一部分沿着盆地内隐伏分支断层活动,形成次级褶皱隆起,最近主要的一期构造活动发生在(97.93±7.98)~(59.43±3.42)ka间。这些晚第四纪构造变形单元分布在基岩山前以南约750 m的范围内,因此,在该区进行地震地质灾害评价时应考虑此类构造变形。 相似文献
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本文对柴达木盆地东部新生代盆地结构和构造演化进行了研究.地震剖面揭示柴达木盆地东部新生界分别向南、北盆地边缘变薄和尖灭,盆地北部被欧龙布鲁克山和埃姆尼克山隆起强烈改造.通过对新生代地层厚度横向变化以及地层剖面分析,确定欧北断裂自中新世晚期开始向北逆冲,导致欧龙布鲁克山发生隆升和德令哈凹陷的形成.埃北断裂从上新世开始活动,与欧北断裂同时向北逆冲,导致德令哈凹陷进一步沉降,形成厚度达2600m的狮子沟组.埃南断裂在第四纪开始大规模向南逆冲,不仅造成其北侧的欧龙布鲁克山和埃姆尼克山隆起强烈抬升和向南推覆,而且导致南侧霍布逊凹陷的形成,成为柴达木盆地第四纪沉积中心.早期提出的前陆盆地和背驮式盆地模型显然不能解释柴达木盆地东部新生代构造格架和演化历史.本次研究认为柴达木盆地东部的形成是强烈的水平挤压作用导致地壳发生大规模褶皱的结果,即柴达木盆地东部新生代是一个大规模向斜.该向斜盆地模型很好地解释了新生代地层向盆地边缘减薄以及沉积中心主要位于盆地中部等现象.了解柴达木盆地东部构造发展对了解青藏高原侧向扩展具有重要意义. 相似文献
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简要介绍了南天山山前库车坳陷的主要活动逆断裂-背斜带的分布特征、构造样式、最新活动证据等资料。平面上库车坳陷呈一“眼”状,由南北两大背斜带构成。北部靠近南天山为一套向南逆冲的逆断裂-背斜系统,最新活动的逆断裂-背斜带为喀桑托开逆断裂-背斜带;南部靠近塔里木盆地的是一套向北逆冲的逆断裂-背斜系统,最新活动的主要是秋里塔格逆断层-背斜带及其以南的亚肯背斜等新背斜;南北两大背斜系统夹持着拜城盆地。坳陷区北部的喀桑托开断裂与坳陷区南部的秋里塔格断裂带是区内最主要的活动断裂,前者长逾60km,后者长近200km,沿这两条断裂带均发现了清楚的断裂露头和古地震形变带。此外,在秋里塔格背斜带以南发育了更新的、规模较小的背斜,表明库车坳陷区的褶皱作用继续向盆地方向扩展。石油地震剖面资料显示,库车坳陷南北两侧的褶皱作用均受盖层与基底之间的滑脱断层控制,属于山前的薄皮构造。滑脱面的深度可达10km左右。这是库车坳陷主要的发震层 相似文献
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柯坪塔格推覆体位于天山西南麓。新生代以来,由于印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞,天山晚古生代褶皱和断裂构造重新复活隆起,并向南北两侧推挤,在前陆盆地中渐进式地形成多排褶皱-逆断裂带。文中讨论了皮羌近SN向断裂带以西推覆体的新生代变形与扩展特征。结果表明,推覆体的新生代变形为波浪式差异性隆起。从天山南侧到塔里木盆地方向,构成推覆体的各排褶皱-逆断裂带的形成顺序有先后之分,早期形成的靠近天山,晚期形成的靠近塔里木盆地,反映推覆体在形成过程中由北向南的扩展,其扩展距离最大约76km。除此之外,各排褶皱-逆断裂带前缘都由多条断裂组成,它们与褶皱伴生,具有不同的形成和新活动时代。早期形成的断裂靠近山地一侧,晚期形成的断裂靠近盆地一侧,反映褶皱-逆断裂带单排前缘断裂也具有由北向南扩展的性质,其扩展距离为100~500m。最后,对推覆体扩展的形成机制进行了讨论 相似文献
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《地震地质》2017,(6)
祁连山作为青藏高原东北缘的重要造山带,是高原向NE方向扩展的最前缘,逆冲和褶皱作用是青藏高原向N扩展的重要构造变形方式。白杨河发育于祁连山内部,向N汇入前陆区酒西盆地。因此,可以通过白杨河阶地研究祁连山北缘的变形特征。通过对白杨河阶地的详细调查与测量,得到如下认识:1)白杨河阶地具有流域分段性,在地形陡变带及盆地内白杨河背斜区发育多级阶地。以阶地级数来说,以牛头山为界,上游发育2—3级阶地,下游发育4—5级阶地。2)从白杨河阶地纵剖面获得昌马断裂的垂直活动速率为(0.32±0.09)mm/a,地壳缩短速率为(0.12±0.09)mm/a;旱峡-大黄沟断裂T5形成以来(约13ka)没有垂直活动;老君庙背斜区T5阶地(约9ka)褶皱变形隆升量为(6.55±0.5)m,缩短量为(3.47±0.5)m,隆升速率为(1.23±0.81)mm/a,缩短速率为(0.67±0.44)mm/a;白杨河背斜开始活动时期约为300kaBP,其170ka以来的平均隆升速率约(0.21±0.02)mm/a,缩短速率为(0.14±0.03)mm/a;3)北祁连山地区在响应青藏高原向N扩展的过程中表现出2种不同的变形特征:在祁连山内部以剪切变形为主,表现为块体侧向挤出;而在祁连山北缘地形陡变带和酒西盆地内部以挤压变形为主,表现为地壳缩短和隆起,并且盆地内构造缩短变形量占总变形量的50%左右。 相似文献
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为揭示活动陆缘深水褶皱冲断带的特征及成因，本文利用地震和区域地质资料的综合分析，系统阐述了文莱—沙巴盆地深水褶皱冲断带的构造变形特征，并结合盆地演化动力学特点，探讨其构造变形机制及其对深水区油气成藏的影响.研究结果表明，文莱—沙巴盆地深水褶皱冲断带具有"垂向分期、平面分段"的特点，垂向上，以中中新统底界面为界可划分为下部（始新世-早中新世）和上部（中中新世-现今）两套逆冲褶皱冲断体系，其中下部逆冲褶皱冲断带的形成与古南海的俯冲作用密切相关，上部逆冲褶皱冲断带是中中新世以来三角洲前缘重力滑动与苏禄海扩张造成的区域挤压应力远程效应共同作用的结果，且苏禄海扩张造成的远程挤压效应主控平面上南北段褶皱冲断带变形的差异性，导致北段褶皱变形强度大于南段，具有背斜褶皱数量多、褶皱间距离短、逆冲断层倾角陡的特点，南段反之；且晚上新世以来北段深水区地层缩短量大于陆架区伸展量，两者之差为2~6 km，而南段两者相当，仅受三角洲前缘重力滑动影响.整个褶皱冲断带发育断弯、断展、断滑褶皱等3种断层相关褶皱以及叠瓦扇和冲起构造2种逆冲构造组合，是多期NW向挤压应力作用下形成的大型逆冲推覆构造，以前展式向盆地扩展.此外，由于中中新世以来逆冲断层的持续活动，研究区深水褶皱冲断带发育众多构造圈闭，油气成藏条件优越，且南段优于北段，靠近陆坡的近端优于远端，可作为勘探部署重点. 相似文献
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THE PALEOSEISMIC SURFACE RUPTURE AT SOUTH OF CENTRAL ALTYN TAGH FAULT AND ITS TECTONIC IMPLICATION 
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下载免费PDF全文 SHAO Yan-xiu YUAN Dao-yang LIU-ZENG Jing Jerome Van der Woerd LI Zhi-gang WU Lei LIU Fang-bin 《地震地质》1979,42(2):435-454
In this study, we described a 14km-long paleoearthquakes surface rupture across the salt flats of western Qaidam Basin, 10km south of the Xorkol segment of the central Altyn Tagh Fault, with satellite images interpretation and field investigation methods. The surface rupture strikes on average about N80°E sub-parallel to the main Altyn Tagh Fault, but is composed of several stepping segments with markedly different strike ranging from 68°N~87°E. The surface rupture is marked by pressure ridges, sub-fault strands, tension-gashes, pull-apart and faulted basins, likely caused by left-lateral strike-slip faulting. More than 30 pressure ridges can be distinguished with various rectangular, elliptical or elongated shapes. Most long axis of the ridges are oblique(90°N~140°E)to, but a few are nearly parallel to the surface rupture strike. The ridge sizes vary also, with heights from 1 to 15m, widths from several to 60m, and lengths from 10 to 100m. The overall size of these pressure ridges is similar to those found along the Altyn Tagh Fault, for instance, south of Pingding Shan or across Xorkol. Right-stepping 0.5~1m-deep gashes or sub-faults, with lengths from a few meters to several hundred meters, are distributed obliquely between ridges at an angle reaching 30°. The sub-faults are characterized with SE or NW facing 0.5~1m-high scarps. Several pull-apart and faulted basins are bounded by faults along the eastern part of the surface rupture. One large pull-apart basins are 6~7m deep and 400m wide. A faulted basin, 80m wide, 500m long and 3m deep, is bounded by 2 left-stepping left-lateral faults and 4 right-stepping normal faults. Two to three m-wide gashes are often seen on pressure ridges, and some ridges are left-laterally faulted and cut into several parts, probably owing to the occurrence of repetitive earthquakes. The OSL dating indicates that the most recent rupture might occur during Holocene.
Southwestwards the rupture trace disappears a few hundred meters north of a south dipping thrust scarp bounding uplifted and folded Plio-Quaternary sediments to the south. Thrust scarps can be followed southwestward for another 12km and suggest a connection with the south Pingding Shan Fault, a left-lateral splay of the main Altyn Tagh Fault. To the northeast the rupture trace progressively veers to the east and is seen cross-cutting the bajada south of Datonggou Nanshan and merging with active thrusts clearly outlined by south facing cumulative scarps across the fans. The geometry of this strike-slip fault trace and the clear young seismic geomorphology typifies the present and tectonically active link between left-lateral strike-slip faulting and thrusting along the eastern termination of the Altyn Tagh Fault, a process responsible for the growth of the Tibetan plateau at its northeastern margin. The discrete relation between thrusting and strike-slip faulting suggests discontinuous transfer of strain from strike-slip faulting to thrusting and thus stepwise northeastward slip-rate decrease along the Altyn Tagh Fault after each strike-slip/thrust junction. 相似文献
Southwestwards the rupture trace disappears a few hundred meters north of a south dipping thrust scarp bounding uplifted and folded Plio-Quaternary sediments to the south. Thrust scarps can be followed southwestward for another 12km and suggest a connection with the south Pingding Shan Fault, a left-lateral splay of the main Altyn Tagh Fault. To the northeast the rupture trace progressively veers to the east and is seen cross-cutting the bajada south of Datonggou Nanshan and merging with active thrusts clearly outlined by south facing cumulative scarps across the fans. The geometry of this strike-slip fault trace and the clear young seismic geomorphology typifies the present and tectonically active link between left-lateral strike-slip faulting and thrusting along the eastern termination of the Altyn Tagh Fault, a process responsible for the growth of the Tibetan plateau at its northeastern margin. The discrete relation between thrusting and strike-slip faulting suggests discontinuous transfer of strain from strike-slip faulting to thrusting and thus stepwise northeastward slip-rate decrease along the Altyn Tagh Fault after each strike-slip/thrust junction. 相似文献
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THE MECHANISMS OF ARCUATE STRUCTURES ON THE SOUTH SIDE OF THE ALTYN TAGH FAULT AND THEIR TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 LI Bing-shuai YAN Mao-du ZHANG Wei-lin YANG Yong-peng ZHANG Da-wen CHEN Yi GUAN Chong 《地震地质》2019,41(2):300-319
The giant sinistral Altyn Tagh Fault(ATF)is the northern boundary of the Tibetan Plateau. It has been playing important role in adjusting the India-Eurasia collision and the tectonic evolution of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Knowledge of the evolution of the ATF can provide comprehensive understanding of the processes and mechanisms of the deformation of the Tibetan Plateau. However, its timing of commencement, amount of displacement and strike-slip rate, as well as the tectonic evolution of the region are still under debate. South of the ATF, there exist a series of oroclinal-like arcuate structures. Knowledge of whether these curved geometries represent original curvatures or the bending of originally straight/aligned geological units has significant tectonic implications for the evolution of the ATF. The Yingxiongling arcuate belt in the western Qaidam Basin and the northern Qaidam marginal thrust belt(NQMTB)north of the Qaidam Basin are the two typical arcuate thrust belts, where the former has a "7-types" structure, and the latter has a reverse "S-type" structure. Successive Cenozoic sediments are well exposed and magnetostratigraphically dated in both belts.
Paleomagnetic declination has great advantage to reveal vertical-axis rotations of geological bodies since they become magnetized. Recently conducted paleomagnetic rotation studies in different parts of these two thrust belts revealed detailed Cenozoic rotation patterns and magnitudes of the region. By integrating these paleomagnetic rotation results with regional geometric features and lines of geological evidence, we propose that these two arcuate thrust belts were most likely caused by different rotations in different parts of these curvatures, due to the sinistral strike-slip faulting along the ATF, rather than originally curved ones. The Yingxiongling arcuate belt was shaped by the significant counterclockwise(CCW)rotations of its northwestern half(the Akatengnengshan anticline)near the ATF during~16~11Ma BP, while its southeastern half(the Youshashan anticline)had no significant rotations since at least~20Ma BP. The geometry of the NQMTB was developed firstly by remarkable clockwise rotations of its middle part during~33~14Ma BP, and later possibly CCW rotations of its northwestern part during the Middle to Late Miocene, similar to that of the northwestern part of the Yingxiongling arcuate belt. The characteristics of two-stage strike-slip evolution of the ATF since the Early Oligocene were enriched:1)During the Early Oligocene to mid-Miocene, fast strike-slip faulting along the ATF was proposed to accommodate the eastward extrusion of the northern Tibetan Plateau with its sinistral shear confined to the fault itself. While in the NQMTB and farther east area in the Qilian Shan, its sinistral shear was transferred to the interior of the plateau and was accommodated by deformation of differential crustal shortenings and block rotations in these regions. Thus, the displacement along the ATF west of the NQMTB is larger than that east of the NQMTB. 2)Since the mid-late Miocene, sinistral shear of the ATF was widespread distributed within the northern Tibetan Plateau, instead of concentrated to the fault itself. Its sinistral offsets were partially absorbed by the shortening deformation within the Qaidam Basin and the Qilian Shan, leading the offsets along the ATF decreasing to the east. With the sinistral frictional drag of blocks(the Tarim Basin and the Altyn Tagh Range)on the other side during the second stage evolution of the ATF, a transitional zone south of the ATF was likely developed by remarkable CCW rotations during the Middle to Late Miocene, which is probably confined to east of the Tula syncline. Combining the sinistral offsets along the ATF derived from the paleomagnetic rotations during the Early Oligocene to mid-late Miocene and that by piercing points since the Late Miocene, the post Oligocene strike-slip offsets were constrained as at least~350~430km for the reference in the western Qaidam Basin and~380~460km for the reference in the NQMTB, with an average slip rate of at least~10.6~13.9mm/a. The post Early Oligocene offsets are consistent with the widely accepted offsets of~300~500km obtained by piercing point analyses. 相似文献
13.
The sinistral strike-slip characteristic of the Altyn Tagh Fault gradually disappears near the Jiuxi Basin at the west end of Hexi Corridor, and the Kuantanshan Fault and the northern marginal fault of Heishan on its east are thrust structures. There are two faults distributed in the north of Kuantanshan, namely, the Taerwan-Chijiaciwo Fault and the Ganxiashan Fault, both are featured with obvious activity. Predecessors thought that the Taerwan-Chijiaciwo Fault is a thrust fault with low movement rate, but there is few detailed study on its horizontal motion. Is there horizontal strike-slip movement in the northern marginal fault of Kuantanshan? This issue has an important significance to further explore the structural transformation mode between the Altyn Tagh strike-slip faults and the northern thrust faults in the north margin of Qilianshan. Using high resolution remote sensing images and field work, such as combining with UAV SfM photogrammetry, the paper studies the strike-slip characteristics of the Taerwan-Chijiaciwo Fault and Ganxiashan Fault on the northern margin of Kuantanshan, and get two preliminary understandings:(1) The northern marginal fault of Kuantanshan is an active right-lateral strike-slip fault with thrust component, the horizontal to vertical dislocation ratio is about 3-4 times. Based on the statistics of dislocation amount of the gullies and terraces along the north marginal Kuantanshan fault, it is preliminarily estimated that the late Pleistocene right-lateral strike-slip rate is about 0.2-0.25 mm/a and the Holocene right-lateral strike-slip rate is about 0.5-1.5 mm/a. (2) The main driving force to the tectonics at the western end of Hexi Corridor, where the northern marginal fault of Kuantanshan locates, comes from the northward extrusion of the Qilian Mountains, which results in the right-lateral strike-slip of the northern marginal fault of Kuananshan and the thrust movement of several faults inside the Jiuxi Basin. The effect of the Altyn Tagh Fault on other tectonic structures is not obvious in this region. 相似文献
14.
The Sanweishan fault is located in the northern margin of the Tibetan plateau. It is a branch of the Altyn Tagh fault zone which extends to the northwest. A detailed study on Late Quaternary activity characteristics of the Sanwei Shan Fault can help understanding the strain distribution of the Altyn Tagh fault zone and regional seismic activity and northward growth of the Tibetan plateau. Previous research on this fault is insufficient and its activity is a controversial issue. Based on satellite images interpretation, field investigations and geological mapping, this study attempts to characterize this feature, especially its activity during Late Quaternary. Trench excavation and sample dating permit to address this issue, including determination of paleoseismic events along this fault.
The results show that the Sanweishan fault is a large-scale active structure. It starts from the Shuangta reservoir in the east, extending southward by Shigongkouzi, Lucaogou, and Shugouzi, terminates south of Xishuigou, with a length of 175km. The fault trends in NEE, dipping SE at angles 50°~70°. It is characterized by left-lateral strike-slip with a component of thrust and local normal faulting. According to the geometry, the fault can be divided into three segments, i.e. Shuangta-Shigongkouzi, Shigongkouzi-Shugouzi and Shugouzi-Xishuigou from east to west, looking like a left-or right-step pattern. Plenty of offset fault landforms appear along the Sanweishan Fault, including ridges, left-lateral strike-slip gullies, fault scarps, and fault grooves. The trench study at the middle and eastern segments of the fault shows its activity during Late Pleistocene, evidenced by displaced strata of this epoch. Identification marks of the paleoearthquakes and sample dating reveal one paleoearthquake that occurred at(40.3±5.2)~(42.1±3.9) ka. 相似文献
15.
Constant slip rate during the late Quaternary along the Sulu He segment of the Altyn Tagh Fault near Changma,Gansu, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The question of whether millennial‐scale geological slip rates are consistent with decade‐scale geodetic slip rates is of great importance in evaluating the nature of continental deformation within the Tibetan Plateau. We determined the time‐averaged slip rate of the Sulu He segment of the Altyn Tagh Fault, near Changma in Gansu Province, China, based on geomorphic analysis, remote sensing data, and cosmogenic 10Be surface‐exposure age dating. Quaternary alluvial fan deposits in the study area (Qf1, Qf2, Qf3) are displaced by left‐lateral movement along the Altyn Tagh Fault. Because of the large accumulated displacement of these fans, some of them have become disconnected from the fan apexes that are directly linked to the debris‐source areas in the piedmont of the Qilian Shan to the south. The total minimum offsets are estimated to be about 429 ± 41 m for Qf1, about 130 ± 10 m for Qf2, and 32 ± 1 m for Qf3. The 10Be surface‐exposure ages obtained for Qf1 and Qf2 are 100–112 ka and 31–43 ka, respectively. Accordingly, the slip rate since the period of Qf1 and Qf2 depositions is calculated to have been about 3.7 mm/yr. 相似文献
16.
阿尔金断裂带东段走滑速率沿断裂走向方向存在明显的流失现象,有关阿尔金断裂带的影响范围及走滑速率变化的机制需要有更多的深部结构证据来提供支撑.本文以阿尔金断裂带昌马段为窗口,获取了4条横穿阿尔金断裂带及相邻地区的大地电磁测深剖面.二维电性剖面显示在阿尔金断裂带北侧中上地壳以连续的高阻体为主,而南侧祁连山内部的深部电性结构在横向上有较为复杂的变化.这一点与区域构造背景相对应,即北侧的塔里木盆地东缘依然具有较好的整体性,南侧的祁连山是青藏高原北缘生长的最前端,变形强烈.在断裂带的结构特征上,阿尔金断裂带沿走向方向的切割深度在昌马盆地西侧发生了显著的降低,与阿尔金断裂带相对应的电性边界在这里向南偏移了约15 km,对应F18断裂,并与昌马盆地相接.祁连山北部的断裂带,包括昌马断裂、旱峡—大黄沟断裂总体呈现出低角度南倾的样式,切过高阻异常体的顶部.虽然昌马盆地可以起到连接断裂带的阶区的作用,将部分阿尔金断裂的走滑分量转移到盆地南侧的昌马断裂上,但是昌马断裂的走滑速率从西向东是增加的,东侧的走滑速率甚至大于阿尔金断裂沿走向方向的流失分量.我们认为在青藏高原北部主要断裂带的活动还是受印度—欧亚板块碰撞引起的远程挤压效应的影响,包括阿尔金断裂以及祁连山内部系列断层都处于斜向挤压应力环境.在这种基本构造模式下,阿尔金断裂、断裂F18、昌马盆地、昌马断裂构成了一个局部的走滑速率分解-转换-吸收体系,对局部应力状态产生影响. 相似文献
17.
Because of the significance to the formation and evolution of the Tibetan plateau, the displacement and slip rate of the Altyn Tagh fault have been topics full of disputation. Scientists who hold different opinions on the evolution of Tibet insist on different slip rates and displacements of the fault zone. In the article, study is focused on the late Quaternary slip rate of the Altyn Tagh fault west of the Cherchen River (between 85°E and 85°45'E). On the basis of high resolution SPOT images of the region, three sites, namely Koramlik, Aqqan pasture and Dalakuansay, were chosen for field investigation. To calculate the slip rate of the fault, displacement of terraces was measured on SPOT satellite images or in situ during fieldwork and thermo-luminescence (TL) dating method was used. To get the ages of terraces, samples of sand were collected from the uppermost sand beds that lie just under loess. The method for calculating slip rate of fault is to divide the displacement of terrace risers by the age of its neighboring lower terrace. The displacement of rivers is not considered in this article because of its uncertainties. At Koramlik, the slip rate of the Altyn Tagh fault is 11.6±2.6mm/a since 6.02±0.47ka B.P and 9.6±2.6mm/a since 15.76±1.19ka B.P. At Aqqan pasture, about 30km west of Koramlik, the slip rate is 12.1±1.9mm/a since 2.06±0.16 ka B.P. At Dalakuansayi, the slip rate of the fault is 12.2±3.0mm/a since 4.91±0.39ka B.P. Hence, we get the average slip rate of 11.4±2.5mm/a for the western part of the Altyn Tagh Fault since Holocene. This result is close to the latest results from GPS research. 相似文献
18.
DONG Jin-yuan LI Chuan-you ZHENG Wen-jun LI Tao LI Xin-nan ZHANG Pei-zhen REN Guang-xue DONG Shao-peng LIU Jin-rui 《地震地质》2019,41(2):341-362
With the continuous collision of the India and Eurasia plate in Cenozoic, the Qilian Shan began to uplift strongly from 12Ma to 10Ma. Nowadays, Qilian Shan is still uplifting and expanding. In the northern part of Qilian Shan, tectonic activity extends to Hexi Corridor Basin, and has affected Alashan area. In the southern part of Qilian Shan, tectonic activity extends to Qaidam Basin, forming a series of thrust faults in the northern margin of Qaidam Basin and a series of fold deformations in the basin. The southern Zongwulong Shan Fault is located in the northeastern margin of Qaidam Basin, it is the boundary thrust fault between the southern margin of Qilian Shan and Qaidam Basin. GPS studies show that the total crustal shortening rate across the Qilian Shan is 5~8mm/a, which absorbs 20% of the convergence rate of the Indian-Eurasian plate. Concerning how the strain is distributed on individual fault in the Qilian Shan, previous studies mainly focused on the northern margin of the Qilian Shan and the Hexi Corridor Basin, while the study on the southern margin of the Qilian Shan was relatively weak. Therefore, the study of late Quaternary activity of southern Zongwulong Shan Fault in southern margin of Qilian Shan is of great significance to understand the strain distribution pattern in Qilian Shan and the propagation of the fault to the interior of Qaidam Basin. At the same time, because of the strong tectonic activity, the northern margin of Qaidam Basin is also a seismic-prone area. Determining the fault slip rate is also helpful to better understand the movement behaviors of faults and seismic risk assessment.Through remote sensing image interpretation and field geological survey, combined with GPS topographic profiling, cosmogenic nuclides and optically stimulated luminescence dating, we carried out a detailed study at Baijingtu site and Xujixiang site on the southern Zongwulong Shan Fault. The results show that the southern Zongwulong Shan Fault is a Holocene reverse fault, which faulted a series of piedmont alluvial fans and formed a series of fault scarps.The 43ka, 20ka and 11ka ages of the alluvial fan surfaces in this area can be well compared with the ages of terraces and alluvial fan surfaces in the northeastern margin of Tibetan Plateau, and its formation is mainly controlled by climatic factors. Based on the vertical dislocations of the alluvial fans in different periods in Baijingtu and Xujixiang areas, the average vertical slip rate of the southern Zongwulong Shan Fault since late Quaternary is(0.41±0.05)mm/a, and the average horizontal shortening rate is 0.47~0.80mm/a, accounting for about 10% of the crustal shortening in Qilian Shan. These results are helpful to further understand the strain distribution model in Qilian Shan and the tectonic deformation mechanism in the northern margin of Qaidam Basin. The deformation mechanism of the northern Qaidam Basin fault zone, which is composed of the southern Zongwulong Shan Fault, is rather complicated, and it is not a simple piggy-back thrusting style. These faults jointly control the tectonic activity characteristics of the northern Qaidam Basin. 相似文献
19.
《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2006,241(3-4):804-814
We present new seismic refraction/wide-angle-reflection data across the Altyn Tagh Range and its adjacent basins. We find that the crustal velocity structure, and by inference, the composition of the crust changes abruptly beneath the Cherchen fault, i.e., ∼100 km north of the northern margin of the Tibetan plateau. North of the Cherchen fault, beneath the Tarim basin, a platform-type crust is evident. In contrast, south the Cherchen fault the crust is characterized by a missing high-velocity lower-crustal layer. Our seismic model indicates that the high topography (∼3 km) of the Altyn Tagh Range is supported by a wedge-shaped region with a seismic velocity of 7.6–7.8 km/s that we interpret as a zone of crust–mantle mix. We infer that the Altyn Tagh Range formed by crustal-scale strike-slip motion along the North Altyn Tagh fault and northeast–southwest contraction over the range. The contraction is accommodated by (1) crustal thickening via upper-crustal thrusting and lower-crustal flow (i.e., creep), and (2) slip-parallel (SW-directed) underthrusting of only the lower crust and mantle of the eastern Tarim basin beneath the Altyn Tagh Range. 相似文献
20.
ANALYSIS OF EVOLUTION OF THE RIYUESHAN FAULT SINCE LATE PLEISTOCENE USING STRUCTURAL GEOMORPHOLOGY 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The northeastern margin of Tibetan plateau is an active block controlled by the eastern Kunlun fault zone, the Qilian Shan-Haiyuan fault zone, and the Altyn Tagh fault zone. It is the frontier and the sensitive area of neotectonic activity since the Cenozoic. There are widespread folds, thrust faults and stike-slip faults in the northeastern Tibetan plateau produced by the intensive tectonic deformation, indicating that this area is suffering the crustal shortening, left-lateral shear and vertical uplift. The Riyueshan Fault is one of the major faults in the dextral strike-slip faults systems, which lies between the two major large-scale left-lateral strike-slip faults, the Qilian-Haiyuan Fault and the eastern Kunlun Fault. In the process of growing and expanding of the entire Tibetan plateau, the dextral strike-slip faults play an important role in regulating the deformation and transformation between the secondary blocks. In the early Quaternary, because of the northeastward expansion of the northeastern Tibetan plateau, tectonic deformations such as NE-direction extrusion shortening, clockwise rotation, and SEE-direction extrusion occurred in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau, which lead to the left-lateral slip movement of the NWW-trending major regional boundary faults. As the result, the NNW-trending faults which lie between these NWW direction faults are developed. The main geomorphic units developed within the research area are controlled by the Riyueshan Fault, formed due to the northeastward motion of the Tibet block. These geomorphic units could be classified as:Qinghai Lake Basin, Haiyan Basin, Datonghe Basin, Dezhou Basin, and the mountains developed between the basins such as the Datongshan and the Riyueshan. Paleo basins, alluvial fans, multiple levels of terraces are developed at mountain fronts. The climate variation caused the formation of the geomorphic units during the expansion period of the lakes within the northeastern Tibetan plateau. There are two levels of alluvial fans and three levels of fluvial terrace developed in the study area, the sediments of the alluvial fans and fluvial terraces formed by different sources are developed in the same period. The Riyueshan Fault connects with the NNW-trending left-lateral strike-slip north marginal Tuoleshan fault in the north, and obliquely connects with the Lajishan thrust fault in the south. The fault extends for about 180km from north to south, passing through Datonghe, Reshui coal mine, Chaka River, Tuole, Ketu and Xicha, and connecting with the Lajishan thrusts near the Kesuer Basin. The Riyueshan Fault consists of five discontinuous right-step en-echelon sub-fault segments, with a spacing of 2~3km, and pull-apart basins are formed in the stepovers.
The Riyueshan Fault is a secondary fault located in the Qaidam-Qilian active block which is controlled by the major boundary faults, such as the East Kunlun Fault and the Qilian-Haiyuan Fault. Its activity characteristics provide information of the outward expansion of the northeastern margin of Tibet. Tectonic landforms are developed along the Riyueshan Fault. Focusing on the distinct geomorphic deformation since late Pleistocene, the paper obtains the vertical displacement along the fault strike by RTK measurement method. Based on the fault growth-linkage theory, the evolution of the Riyueshan Fault and the related kinetic background are discussed. The following three conclusions are obtained:1)According to the characteristics of development of the three-stage 200km-long steep fault scarp developed in the landforms of the late Pleistocene alluvial fans and terraces, the Riyueshan Fault is divided into five segments, with the most important segment located in the third stepover(CD-3); 2)The three-stage displacement distribution pattern of the Riyueshan Fault reveals that the fault was formed by the growths and connections of multiple secondary faults and is in the second stage of fault growth and connection. With CD-3 as the boundary, the faults on the NW side continue to grow and connect; the fault activity time on the SE side is shorter, and the activity intensity is weaker; 3)The extreme value of the fault displacement distribution curve indicates the location of strain concentration and stress accumulation. With the stepover CD-3 as the boundary, the stress and strain on NW side are mainly concentrated in the middle and fault stepovers. The long-term accumulation range of stress on the SE side is relatively dispersed. The stress state may be related to the counterclockwise rotation inside the block under the compression of regional tectonic stress. 相似文献