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1.
本文研究了橄榄石原位相变实验中加载、加热路径上的相变及其对确定相变动力学参数的影响.利用文献[1]所给出的退火后先加温后加压,且相对低温条件下实验结果确定出的Ni2SiO4橄榄石相变动力学参数,计算了加载、加热路径上所发生的相变对确定成核率、长大率及相变体积分数的影响.结果表明,退火后先加压后加温,且相对高温条件下的实验数据受到加热路径上成核的影响.根据这样的实验数据得到的成核率会明显高于实际温压条件下的成核率.尤其是当多数实验都是高温实验时,根据这些成核率数据所确定的成核率参数会严重偏离其真值,从而严重影响对俯冲带颗粒粒度及俯冲带流变结构的计算.尽管目前有很多关于Mg2SiO4橄榄石长大率的实验数据,也有通过对挤碰物理图像的分析对(Mg0.89Fe0.11)2SiO4橄榄石成核率的估算,但只有文献[2]通过退火后先加压后加温的原位实验得到了Mg2SiO4橄榄石的相变成核率,且属于高温实验.根据本文的研究结果,我们认为亟需补充退火后先加温后加压或相对低温的实验数据以得到正确的地幔橄榄石成核率参数.  相似文献   

2.
本文从成核动力学理论出发,考虑新相晶核的表面能对其形状的影响,修正了晶面成核情形的成核动力学方程.新的成核率方程还原了传统成核率方程中通常简化为常数的指前系数.结合修正的相变体积分数计算公式,新的成核率方程可以确定出成核过程中的两个物理参量:新相晶粒与反应相晶粒的接触角度及新相物质与反应相物质之间的表面能.分析结果表明...  相似文献   

3.
NOPD单自由度体系阻尼特性的实验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
针对非阻塞性微颗粒阻尼(NOPD)单自由度体系,通过实验研究颗粒填充率、颗粒材料类型、振动方向以及空腔形状等因素对结构阻尼特性的影响,并根据实验数据对阻尼特性进行了拟合分析.实验结果表明:颗粒填充率是结构阻尼的显著影响因素,颗粒沿空腔横向产生振动时的阻尼大于沿纵向振动时的阻尼,采用长方形空腔形状更有利于结构取得好的颗粒阻尼效应.当填充率相等时,采用铁粉颗粒比采用砂粒对结构阻尼的增大效果更好.实验结果可为以后进一步的理论分析提供依据.  相似文献   

4.
橄榄石-尖晶石相转变流变学的实验研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
对(Mgx,Ni1-x)2GeO4系统中橄榄石-尖晶石两相混合物的流变性进行了实验研究.利用不同温压条件对混合物进行热压,得到的橄榄石和尖晶石的比例不同.温度为1 573K,试件的化学组成从x=0.95-0.70时,得到的两相材料从100%橄榄石到100%尖晶石.三轴压缩试件为圆柱状,直径8mm,两相混合物的平均颗粒尺寸为2.21-9.43μm.流变学试验在气体介质试验机中进行,围压为300MPa,温度为1 073-1 573K.试验分为常应力和常位移率两种,差应力σ1-σ3为45-320MPa,应变率在2.8×10-6-2.8×10-5s-1之间,将实验测得的混合物力学性质与两端材料的强度进行对比,发现两相多晶介质的强度介于两端材料的强度之间.当橄榄石到尖晶石的相变发生在变形过程中时,尖晶石比率的增加使得多晶材料的总体强度上升.  相似文献   

5.
根据不同移动网络数据传输的特点,结合地震数据的压缩算法,分析不同采样频率和数据长度下使用移动网络进行地震数据传输的带宽需求,并给出计算公式.根据计算分析,得到平静期和发生大地震时不同的数据压缩率和带宽需求.给出利用移动网络数据传输数据的影响因素,总结各种类型的无线网络传输地震数据的可行性.  相似文献   

6.
格子玻耳兹曼方法计算混合物整体电导率   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
本文采用格子玻耳兹曼方法计算混合物的整体电导率.整体电导率与各组分的电导率、体积分数和混合物结构有关.数值计算方法的有效性通过两相混合物并联或串联模型的解析解加以验证.对随机分布模型的计算发现格子玻耳兹曼方法得到的电导率落在H S理论边界内.对Al Bi合金整体电导率的数值模拟结果和实验结果非常相近.对饱和水岩石的介电常数的计算与实验结果相比误差较小.格子玻耳兹曼方法为混合物的整体电导率的计算提供了一个有效的途径.  相似文献   

7.
朱莉娅  缑兰兰 《内陆地震》2001,15(3):268-274
引言因为地震震源位置是由多个单台记录的地震震相数据经过作图或计算而确定的 ,所以定位结果与各个单台分析震相的水平有关的。编辑地震目录时 ,工作人员通常首选近台震相和记录清晰的震相作为参考数据。但在有些特殊地质背景条件下 ,近台记录的地震波形 PG、SG震相会受一定的影响并发生畸变[1 ] ,从而给震相识别带来一定的困难 ,致使各个单台分析报出的基础数据差异很大。要解决这一问题必须经过多台对比分析来确定震相参数。如 1 998年 8月2 2日 1 0时 50分拜城与阿克苏之间发生的地震 ,各台给出的发震时刻差别较大。拜城与阿克苏两台…  相似文献   

8.
根据Maxwell和Begovich&Watson模型的原理,设计了一种新型全井眼两相流含水率电导传感器。用ANSYS软件通过相应边界条件下的Laplace方程进行了其电场仿真计算。用不同直径的长绝缘圆棒代替油插入水中模拟水的体积分数,进行了其静态特性的实验测量。仿真结果和实验结果的趋势相符。实验表明,传感器对水中的绝缘棒敏感,绝缘棒距离电极越近,其灵敏度越高。未发现水矿化度对传感器响应有影响。研究结果有助于高产井油水两相流流动参数连续测量仪的进一步研制。  相似文献   

9.
弹性常数是矿物最重要的物性参数之一,它能为矿物结构的稳定性研究提供很有价值的信息,了解弹性性质与压力之间的关系是认识地球内部动力学过程及性质的基础.本文采用密度泛函理论中的PBEsol泛函对HgS同质异象体高压下的结构、弹性性质(弹性常数、零压下的体积模量及其一阶偏导)进行了研究,分析了HgS的弹性模量和焓随压强的变化情况,并据此得到相变压强.研究表明,β-HgS在约2.2~2.5 GPa时相变为α-HgS,随着压强进一步增加,α-HgS大概在12~21 GPa逐渐从辰砂结构转变为岩盐结构.通过与前人的研究结果对比发现,采用PBEsol得到的HgS晶格参数与实验值更接近,优于前人基于PBE计算的结果,但是本文基于PBEsol和前人基于PBE计算的弹性常数C_(ij),体积模量和焓与实验都存在不同程度的偏差,并且这两种泛函计算的结果之间也存在差异,这说明在实际应用中,对无法通过实验获得的高压弹性性质,最好选择不同泛函理论计算弹性常数C_(ij)、体积模量和焓并慎重分析.  相似文献   

10.
寒区隧道温度场和渗流场耦合问题的非线性分析   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
根据传热学和渗流理论导出了带相变的温度场和渗流场耦合问题的控制微分方程 ,然后应用伽辽金法导出了这一问题的有限元计算公式 ,最后给出一寒区隧道考虑渗流时的温度场算例 .算例表明渗流对隧道的冻深影响很大 ,因此在工程设计中应该考虑渗流这一因素的影响 .  相似文献   

11.
地幔主要矿物橄榄石[(Mg089Fe011)2SiO4]的相变与深源地震的解释以及俯冲带和周围地幔的相互作用相关. 其中,形核率和长大率是刻画其相变动力学的两个重要参数. 因为实验技术的原因,目前人们还没有基于实验数据给出橄榄石的形核率. 本文首先通过对挤碰物理图像的分析,对边界形核情形的相变动力学理论中表征挤碰程度的无量纲参数进行了修正. 在此基础上,根据已有的实验资料,首次对橄榄石相变的形核率进行了估计. 通过对形核率数据的拟合,可以得到形核率参数K0和γ1/3. 得到两个形核率参数的变化范围分别为K0=55×1021~87×1027s-1·m-2·K-1,γ1/3=0~020 J·m-2,最佳拟合值为:K0=69×1024s-1·m-2·K-1,γ1/3=016 J·m-2.  相似文献   

12.
Leaf area index (LAI) and canopy coverage are important parameters when modelling snow process in coniferous forests, controlling interception and transmitting radiation. Estimates of LAI and sky view factor show large variability depending on the estimation method used, and it is not clear how this is reflected in the calculated snow processes beneath the canopy. In this study, the winter LAI and sky view fraction were estimated using different optical and biomass‐based approximations in several boreal coniferous forest stands in Fennoscandia with different stand density, age and site latitude. The biomass‐based estimate of LAI derived from forest inventory data was close to the values derived from the optical measurements at most sites, suggesting that forest inventory data can be used as input to snow hydrological modelling. Heterogeneity of tree species and site fertility, as well as edge effects between different forest compartments, caused differences in the LAI estimates at some sites. A snow energy and mass balance model (SNOWPACK) was applied to detect how the differences in the estimated values of the winter LAI and sky view fraction were reflected in simulated snow processes. In the simulations, an increase in LAI and a decrease in sky view fraction changed the snow surface energy balance by decreasing shortwave radiation input and increasing longwave radiation input. Changes in LAI and sky view fraction affected directly snow accumulation through altered throughfall fraction and indirectly snowmelt through the changed surface energy balance. Changes in LAI and sky view fraction had a greater impact on mean incoming radiation beneath the canopy than on other energy fluxes. Snowmelt was affected more than snow accumulation. The effect of canopy parameters on evaporation loss from intercepted snow was comparable with the effect of variation in governing meteorological variables such as precipitation intensity and air temperature. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

13.
This paper outlines methods for determining a bubble size distribution (BSD) and the moments of the BSD function in vesiculated clasts produced by volcanic eruptions. It reports the results of applications of the methods to 11 natural samples and discusses the implications for quantitative estimates of eruption processes. The analysis is based on a quantitative morphological (stereological) method for 2-dimensional imaging of cross-sections of samples. One method determines, with some assumptions, the complete shape of the BSD function from the chord lengths cut by bubbles. The other determines the 1st, 2nd and 3rd moments of distribution functions by measurement of the number of bubbles per unit area, the surface area per unit volume, and the volume fraction of bubbles. Comparison of procedures and results of these two distinct methods shows that the latter yields rather more reliable results than the former, though the results coincide in absolute and relative magnitudes. Results of the analysis for vesiculated rocks from eleven subPlinian to Plinian eruptions show some interesting systematic correlations both between moments of the BSD and between a moment and the eruption column height or the SiO2 content of magma. These correlations are successfully interpreted in terms of the nucleation and growth processes of bubbles in ascending magmas. This suggests that bubble coalescence does not predominate in sub-Plinian to Plinian explosive eruptions. The moment-moment correlations put constraints on the style of the nucleation and growth process of bubbles. The scaling argument suggests that a single nucleation event and subsequent growth with any kind of bubble interaction under continuous depressurization, which leads to an intermediate growth law between the diffusional growth ( ) at a constant depressurization rate and the Ostwald ripening ( ) under a constant pressure, where Rm and t are the mean radius of bubble and the effective time of diffusion respectively, occurred in the eruptions. It is emphasized that the BSD in vesiculated rocks from terrestrial volcanoes can be used to estimate quantitatively eruption processes such as the initial saturation pressure and magma ascent velocity in a volcanic conduit.  相似文献   

14.
Plinian/ignimbrite activity stopped briefly and abruptly 16 and 45 h after commencement of the 1912 Novarupta eruption defining three episodes of explosive volcanism before finally giving way after 60 h to effusion of lava domes. We focus here on the processes leading to the termination of the second and third of these three episodes. Early erupted pumice from both episodes show a very similar range in bulk vesicularity, but the modal values markedly decrease and the vesicularity range widens toward the end of Episode III. Clasts erupted at the end of each episode represent textural extremes; at the end of Episode II, clasts have very thin glass walls and a predominance of large bubbles, whereas at the end of Episode III, clasts have thick interstices and more small bubbles. Quantitatively, all clasts have very similar vesicle size distributions which show a division in the bubble population at 30 μm vesicle diameter and cumulative number densities ranging from 107–109 cm–3. Patterns seen in histograms of volume fraction and the trends in the vesicle size data can be explained by coalescence signatures superimposed on an interval of prolonged nucleation and free growth of bubbles. Compared to experimental data for bubble growth in silicic melts, the high 1912 number densities suggest homogeneous nucleation was a significant if not dominant mechanism of bubble nucleation in the dacitic magma. The most distinct clast populations occurred toward the end of Plinian activity preceding effusive dome growth. Distributions skewed toward small sizes, thick walls, and teardrop vesicle shapes are indicative of bubble wall collapse marking maturation of the melt and onset of processes of outgassing. The data suggest that the superficially similar pauses in the 1912 eruption which marked the ends of episodes II and III had very different causes. Through Episode III, the trend in vesicle size data reflects a progressive shift in the degassing process from rapid magma ascent and coupled gas exsolution to slower ascent with partial open-system outgassing as a precursor to effusive dome growth. No such trend is visible in the Episode II clast assemblages; we suggest that external changes involving failure of the conduit/vent walls are more likely to have effected the break in explosive activity at 45 h.  相似文献   

15.
A continuum model of point defects in ionic solids is developed and applied to the estimation of the pressure dependence of diffusion (in alkali halides). Activation enthalpies are expressed using macroscopic physical constants (lattice energy, elastic constants, dielectric constants, etc.) by introducing empirical parameters related to the microscopic nature of defects. Systematic relations are found between these parameters and other physical properties (ionic radius, volume fraction of anions in crystals, etc.). The nature of parameters for anions is shown to be significantly different from that for cations, probably due to the difference in “softness” between anions and cations. Such relations make it possible to estimate activation energy and volume of diffusion from the lattice energy, ionic radius, elastic constants, dielectric constants and their pressure derivatives. The calculated activation volumes agree well with experimental data. The effect of phase transition is also examined by comparing NaCl and CsCl structures. It is suggested that by phase transition from a less dense (NaCl) structure to a denser one (CsCl), the anion diffusion constant may not decrease as much as expected from the associated change in other physical properties. The validity of the models of van Liempt and of Keyes is examined. It is shown that van Liempt's model works well except for the migration process (especially anions), and that Keyes' model does not work so well for all processes.  相似文献   

16.
The role of meteoric smoke as condensation nuclei for mesospheric ice has recently been challenged by model simulations on the global transport of meteoric material. At the same time a considerable fraction of smoke particles is charged in the mesosphere. This has significant effects on nucleation processes as it can remove the Kelvin barrier. We suggest that in particular nucleation on negatively charged smoke is likely to be a dominant mechanism for mesospheric ice formation. This is in contrast to nucleation on positive ion clusters as the latter is largely hampered by efficient ion/electron recombination. Surprisingly, the large potential of nucleation on charged smoke has so far not been considered in mesospheric ice models. A challenging question concerns the fraction of mesospheric smoke that is actually charged. An improved understanding of mesospheric charging and nucleation will require laboratory experiments on nuclei in the transition regime between molecular and particulate sizes.  相似文献   

17.
Distribution‐free statistical methods of comparative data analysis have identi?ed subtle granulometric differences attributed to the evolution of barchan form at Gurra‐Gurra waterhole. Geomorphic locations on the barchan dunes display statistically signi?cant grain‐size differences that assist in the interpretation of aeolian processes. In summer, very ?ne sands mantle the dunescape and are the fraction that most affects the parameters of sorting and skewness. The sur?cial sedimentological character is one of subtle contrasts between the processes of grain winnowing and intergranular protection. The second and third moment measures are parameters that best demonstrate the spatial granulometric differences. Dune‐forming processes at Gurra‐Gurra have produced dune sands that have a very narrow range of grain size, which, in turn, re?ects textural and mineralogical maturity, and hence an extensive transport history. The statistical techniques employed in this study can also be used for the comparison of temporal (seasonal) sedimentological change, and for the granulometric analysis and association of process for dunes of different morpho‐types. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

18.
Particle size analysis for samples from three last glacial cycle loess-palaeosol profiles along a northwestsoutheast transection on the Chinese Loess Plateau has been carried out. The paleoclimatic significance of grain size indices has been obtained by analyzing the fraction content variations and their comparisons with global ice volume and solar radiation variations. The results show that (i) paleoclimatic significance of the grain size indices of loess-palaeosol deposit is different with grain size fraction content and sampling points in Chinese Loess Plateau; (ii) the sub-coarse grain fraction is a good proxy index of East Asia winter monsoon strength and therefore can be used to detect the global climate changes; (iii) the content of sub-fine and fine grain fractions is influenced by both the input of sub-coarse grain fraction and pedogenesis; (iv) the sub-coarse fraction exhibits a negative relationship with the sub-fine and fine fractlon. Project supported by the 9.5 major project of Chinese Academy of Sciences and the open grant of the State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.  相似文献   

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