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1.
Near-field strong ground motions are useful for engineering seismology studies and seismic design, but dense observation networks of damaging earthquakes are still rare. In this study, based on the strong-motion data from the M w 6.6 Lushan earthquake, the ground motion parameters in different spatial regions are systematically analyzed, and the contributions from different effects, like the hanging-wall effect, directivity effect, and attenuation effect are separated to the extent possible. Different engineering parameters from the observed ground motions are compared with the local design response spectra and a new attenuation relation of Western China. General results indicate that the high frequency ground motion, like the peak ground acceleration, on two sides of the fault plane is sensitive to the hanging-wall effect, whereas the low frequency ground motion, like the long period spectral acceleration, in the rupture propagation direction is affected by the directivity effect. Moreover, although the M w 6.6 Lushan earthquake is not a large magnitude event, the spatial difference of ground motion is still obvious; thus, for a thrust faulting earthquake, in addition to the hanging effect, the directivity effect should also be considered. 相似文献
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Ground motions with forward-directivity effect in the near-fault region are obviously different from ordinary far-field ground motions. Design spectral models for this kind of motions have been proposed by correlating sim-ple pulses with parameters attenuation relationships in a previous study of the authors. To further test the applica-bility of the established design spectral model, we analyze ground motion pseudo-velocity response spectra (PVS), normalized pseudo-velocity spectra (NPVS) and bi-normalized pseudo-velocity spectra (BNPVS) of 53 typical near-fault forward-directivity ground motions. It is found that BNPVS not only has more salient features to reflect the difference between soil and rock sites, but also has less scattering to reveal the nature of forward-directivity motions. And then, BNPVS is used for prediction of design spectra accounting for the influence of site conditions, and the constructed design spectra are compared with those spectra established previously. It is concluded that site condition can heavily affect ground motions, buildings on rock can be even more dangerous than those on soil sites, in particular for ordinary buildings with short to middle vibration periods. Finally, pulse models are also suggested for structural analyses in the near-fault region. 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2021,(3)
Seismic influence of P–Δ effect is the subject of this study. First, it is pointed out that the elastic static amplification factor shall be isolated in formulating the dynamic inelastic second order effect. An amplification factor for the static inelastic P–Δ effect is derived. Seismic force reduction factors(SFRF) for given ductility and stability coefficients are computed for one-story, one-span frames. The P–Δ amplification factors for seismic base shears are obtained by dividing SFRFs with and without P–Δ effect. Both P–Δ amplification factors and SFRFs are presented separately with two kinds of period abscissas. The P–Δ amplification factors are dependent on periods with the maximum occurring at about 0.75 s for site type C and approach to the static inelastic counterpart at long periods. Post-yield stiffness cannot fully counteract the adverse impact of the P–Δ effect. Formulas for seismic P–Δ amplification factors are proposed and compared to results of others. Collapse capacity spectra(CCS) are reviewed and their application in codes discussed. Available CCSs are compared with SFRFs with finite ductility computed for two ensembles of seismic records. A comparison reveals that the SFRFs are affected by seismic records, and available CCSs do not always provide upper limits for the SFRFs when stability coefficients are greater than 0.1 for frame models. 相似文献
4.
In this study, we determined fnax from near- field accelerograms of the Lushan earthquake of April 20, 2013 through spectra analysis. The result shows that the values of fmax derived from five different seismography stations are very close though these stations roughly span about 100 km along the strike. This implies that the cause offmax is mainly the seismic source process rather than the site effect. Moreover, according to the source-cause model of Papageorgiou and Aki （Bull Seism Soc Am 73：693-722, 1983）, we infer that the cohesive zone width of the rupture of the Lushan earthquake is about 204 with an uncertainty of 13 m. We also find that there is a significant bulge between 30 and 45 Hz in the amplitude spectra of accel- erograms of stations 51YAL and 51QLY, and we confirm that it is due to seismic waves＇ reverberation of the sedi- mentary soil layer beneath these stations. 相似文献
5.
The popularly used viscoelastic models have some shortcomings in describing relationship between quality factor （Q） and frequency, which is not consistent with the observation data. Based on the theory of viscoelasticity, a new approach to construct constant-Q viscoelastic model in given frequency band with three parameters is developed. The designed model describes the frequency-independence feature of quality factor very well, and the effect of viscoelasticity on seismic wave field can be studied relatively accurate in theory with this model. Furthermore, the number of required parameters in this model has been reduced fewer than that of other constant-Q models, this can simplify the solution of the viscoelastic problems to some extent. At last, the accuracy and application range have been analyzed through numerical tests. The effect of viscoelasticity on wave propagation has been briefly illustrated through the change of frequency spectra and waveform in several different viscoelastic models. 相似文献
6.
The popularly used viscoelastic models have some shortcomings in describing relationship between quality factor (Q) and frequency, which is not consistent with the observation data. Based on the theory of viscoelasticity, a new approach to construct constant-Q viscoelastic model in given frequency band with three parameters is developed. The designed model describes the frequency-independence feature of quality factor very well, and the effect of viscoelasticity on seismic wave field can be studied relatively accurate in theory with this model. Furthermore, the number of required parameters in this model has been reduced fewer than that of other constant-Q models, this can simplify the solution of the viscoelastic problems to some extent. At last, the accuracy and application range have been analyzed through numerical tests. The effect of viscoelasticity on wave propagation has been briefly illus-trated through the change of frequency spectra and waveform in several different viscoelastic models. 相似文献
7.
The compression of soil grain and pore fluid as well as viscid coupling of pore fluid and soil skeleton is considered, the scattering problem of incident plane P1 wave （fast compressional wave） by an infinite cylindrical shell deeply embedded in isotropic saturated soils is studied by adopting the amended Biot model, amplitude equations about potential functions of scattering and refracting fields are obtained, and the effect of dimensionless frequencies and shell thickness on the back-scattering spectra and dynamic stress concentration factors of two types of cylindrical shells with high and low rigidity are numerically computed and analyzed. 相似文献
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Systematic differences in the duration and frequency content of ground motions from the hanging wall and footwall during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake are investigated,focusing on the influence of these differences on structural input energy based on the elastic and inelastic energy responses of structures.A comparison of the input energy spectra between the hanging wall and the footwall reveal that the structural input energy on the hanging wall is not amplified due to the short duration and low peak ground velocity to acceleration ratio(V/A).However,the larger demand of structural input energy on the footwall in the range of medium and long periods is observed and the demand increases up to 50% relative to the average level of structural input energy for rupture distances larger than 30 km.The importance of considering the footwall effect on structural input energy when comparing ground motions in the range of medium and long periods is recognized. 相似文献
9.
Characteristics of response spectra for long-periods of main-shock recordings of the Chi-Chi earthquake 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Current practice uses predictive models to extrapolate long-period response spectra based on far-field recordings in moderate and weak earthquakes. However, the spectra are not long enough and the data are often not reliable, which means that the seismic design code cannot accurately define seismic design requirements for long-period structures. The near-field recordings in the main-shock of the Chi-Chi earthquake have a large signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which makes them suitable for studying the long-period acceleration response spectrum up to 20 sec. The acceleration response spectra from 246 stations within 120 km of the causative fault are statistically analyzed in this paper. The influence of distance and site conditions on long-period response spectrum is discussed, and the shapes of the amplification spectra are compared with the standard spectra specified in the seismic design code of China. Finally, suggestions for future revisions to the code are proposed. 相似文献
10.
Long-period acceleration spectra determined by seismic safety evaluation for project sites are generally lower than that given by relative code spectra. In this paper, we discuss the recurrence periods corresponding to the code spectra of different periods, by using ground motion attenuation laws for sites of types Ⅰand Ⅲ. We show the results that the longer the periods of code spectra are commonly the more conservative the seismic level is. As for the project examples in this paper, when the periods are longer than 3.7 or 5.2 seconds for sites of types Ⅰ or Ⅲ, the recurrence periods corresponding to the code spectra are longer than 5000 years. We suggest that some problems need to be further discussed, including the reliability of the present attenuation laws, the performance of those project structures that suffer long period seismic waves and have been designed according to the conservative codes, and the effects of ground motion parameters such as velocity and displacement on seismic design. 相似文献
11.
2013年岷漳地震和2014年景谷地震两个地震的矩震级均为MW6.1,但相同等级烈度区域的面积差异显著,前者均明显大于后者.地面震动的强烈程度与震源破裂过程中辐射的地震波高频成分密切相关,作者系统地测定与研究了这两个地震的震源谱和反映其震源特征的能矩比等震源参量.结果表明,虽然岷漳地震和景谷地震释放的地震矩基本相同,分别为1.6×1018Nm和1.8×1018Nm,而且前者还比后者略小些,但其释放的地震波辐射能却差异显著,分别为1.3×1014J和0.6×1014J;因而前者的能矩比（8.1×10-5）是后者能矩比（3.3×10-5）的大约2.5倍.相应地,岷漳地震的视应力和应力降也都明显大于景谷地震的视应力和应力降.此外,这两个地震震源谱结果均显示出其高频趋势均按角频率ω的-2幂次衰减,符合"ω2模式";采用理论震源谱公式计算结果分别约占实际结果的54%和50%,两个地震的地震波辐射能解析解之间的差异依然约2.3倍.震源破裂特征的显著差异导致岷漳地震单位地震矩释放的地震波辐射能更多,即岷漳地震能矩比更大,是导致这两个矩震级均为MW6.1地震的地震烈度差异显著的一个重要原因. 相似文献
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利用晋冀鲁豫交界地区邯郸地震台网记录的地震波形资料，选取2005—2016年ML≥1.8地震事件，采用Brune震源模型，结合遗传算法得到该区中小地震震源参数，并分析各参数形态特征。研究表明：①晋冀鲁豫交界地区中小地震的地震矩取值范围1.34×1011—2.63×1015 N·m，震源半径取值范围132—1 044 m，拐角频率fc取值范围1.25—9.82 Hz，应力降取值范围0.036 4—11.063 1 MPa；②震源参数之间相互关系；③按照震中分区分析不同区域应力降分布特征，河北邯郸、邢台等地及附近地区应力降范围为0 MPa<Δσ≤5 MPa，河南濮阳以及范县和山西黎城等地及附近地区应力降范围为5 MPa <Δσ≤11.063 1 MPa，该区处于高应力背景场状态。 相似文献
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利用遗传算法,搜索符合Brune ω^2模型的拐角频率（fc）及零频幅值（Ωc）的最佳值,测定浙江珊溪水库震区88条小震（1．5≤ML≤4．6）的地震矩（M0）、震源尺度（r）及静态应力降（△σ）。地震矩M0在10^10～10^14N·m范围内,与拐角频率fc遵循Mo∝fc^-3的规律;震源尺度和地震矩、应力降之间呈现多重标度特征,地震矩大于临界值2．3×10^12N·m（相应的震源尺度特征值约160m）时,震源尺度与地震矩的关系较强;而应力降（△σ）在震源尺度大于160m后基本趋向恒定,不随震源尺度的增大而增大。浙江珊溪水库震区自2002年7月以来,经历2次大规模的震群活动。震群释放的应力降大小与该震群的规模成正比关系,大的应力降集中在发震断层中段5～6km深度的区域,其发生时间既可以在主震之前,也可以在主震之后。 相似文献
15.
姚安地震序列与大姚地震序列震源参数的对比研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
2000年1月15日在云南省姚安县发生了MS6.5地震, 2003年7月21日和10月16日在云南省大姚县发生了MS6.2、 MS6.1地震。 这两个地震序列均发生在滇中块体, 震中位置相距42.5 km, 构造、 应力背景相似, 但序列类型不同, 时间间隔短。 为深入研究姚安地震和大姚地震序列的特征, 根据昆明区域数字台网记录的数字地震波资料, 利用遗传算法计算了2000年姚安地震和2003年大姚地震序列的震源参数。 研究结果表明, 姚安地震序列和大姚地震序列的地震矩和近震震级有很好的线性关系, 它们的地震矩M0均在1012~1014 N·m, 地震矩与震源半径之间呈线性关系。 应力降随震级变化不明显。 拐角频率和地震矩之间有明显的依赖关系, 用最小二乘法拟合拐角频率和地震矩的关系式, 利用此关系式可计算出给定地震矩的拐角频率估计值fa, 进而可分析实际计算的拐角频率与估计值之差(fc-fa)的时间变化曲线。 姚安地震序列和大姚地震序列实际计算的拐角频率与估计值之差(fc-fa)及应力降随时间的变化表现出了不同的特征: 姚安地震序列的应力降和拐角频率差值在4.3级和4.6级强余震前均有一个上升-下降过程, 反映余震区应力场有一个增高-下降过程; 大姚地震序列应力降和拐角频率差值在MS≥4.6强余震发生之前均会出现高值异常, 但在MS4.6～4.7地震之前出现的高值异常持续时间短, 在MS6.1地震前出现的高值异常持续较长。 文中结合两个地震的发震构造, 序列类型等特征进行了分析讨论。 相似文献
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大地震的震源机制及地震矩、应力降等参数,不(又对认识地震的破裂过程,而且对预报强地面运动都是非常重要的。一些文章对板内地震应力降的特点、地震矩与高频源谱的关系及区域特征的讨论,使我们可直接由长周期体波或面波得出的地震矩M0估计出不同地区中大地震的高频源谱,以供强地面运动预报参考。 由于对发生在中国板内的1976年11月6日盐源地震（Ms=6.5）和1976年11月15日宁河地震（Ms=6.3）的震源参数还没有详尽的报道;另外,对1973年7月14日 相似文献
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采用高频截止(High-Cut)震源模型, 以均方根误差最小原则稳健地求解震源谱参数, 并由此推算震源尺度和静态应力降。 实际应用显示, 该模型的理论谱对观测谱有很好的拟合, 可明显改善拐角频率识别准确度。 计算了长岛震群内71次ML≥2.5地震事件的震源参数, 结果表明: ① 拐角频率处于2~10 Hz范围, 与震级大小存在一定的相关性, 截止频率范围处于10~30 Hz之间, 与地震大小的相关性不明显; ② 地震矩M0分布在1012~1014 N·m, 与震级ML存在正相关关系: logM0=0.977ML+10.186; ML与矩震级MW之间的关系为: MW=0.651ML+0.766; ③ 根据相对应力降时域演化发现, 自2017年3月3日ML4.5地震之后应力快速释放, 应力降水平在均值附近波动, 而且多数ML≥3.5地震发生于应力降下降之后的回升过程中; ④ 应力降范围在0.01~1 MPa之间, 应力降与震级的统计关系为: logσ=1.158ML-6.591。 长岛震群应力降水平明显偏低, 反映了震中区域构造应力水平较低, 但是中小地震活跃, 推测主要有两方面的原因: 一方面, 1548年发生的渤海7级地震引起区域性地震矩释放, 导致长岛震源区内介质相对破碎; 另一方面, 长岛海域断层易受到海水渗入, 引起介质孔隙压力增大, 同时内摩擦系数降低, 从而导致断层内剪切应力降低。 综合而言, 长岛地区虽然处于较低的构造应力背景之中, 但是流体入侵造成的断层内剪应力降低可能是造成长岛地区发生大量中小地震的主要原因。 相似文献
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2017年8月8日四川省九寨沟县发生MS7.0地震，国家强震动台网中心正式发布了此次地震中收集的66组强震动记录，采用其中震源距不超过150 km且台站场地反应已确定的8组记录，基于S波傅氏谱反演方法确定了此次地震的震源谱及震中区域的地壳介质品质因子.结果为：品质因子Q（f）=84.9f0.71，说明该区域的S波非弹性衰减较为强烈；根据ω-2震源谱模型，确定该地震的地震矩为9.42×1018Nm，其对数标准差为0.12，相应的矩震级MW=6.616±0.079，拐角频率为0.131±0.011 Hz，应力降为3.854 MPa，该值明显低于全球板内地震的应力降平均水平（4.89 MPa），但高于2013年芦山MW6.6地震的应力降. 相似文献
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利用2014年1月-2015年12月浙江省区域数字地震台网记录的1 360次珊溪水库ML0.5-4.4地震资料,采用Brune模式,将台站获取的速度记录进行几何扩散校正、介质衰减校正及仪器校正后得到速度谱,对速度谱在频率域进行傅里叶积分得到震源位移谱,之后使用遗传算法计算得到拐角频率和震源位移谱零频极限值,进而计算出该区的地震矩为1010-1014 N·m,震源破裂半径为33-550 m,拐角频率为2.4-39.7 Hz,地震应力降为0.04-6.74 MPa,视应力为0-2.75 MPa.在此基础上,对各参数特征及其关系进行系统性分析,结果表明:各震源参数之间表现出一定的对数线性或半对数线性关系;空间上,应力降和拐角频率在库区西北段较高,东南段较低;应力降与地震矩在空间上呈反向关系,拐角频率与破裂半径在空间上呈负相关. 相似文献