共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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白鹤坪边坡稳定性分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
边坡监测可为掌握边坡变形特征和规律提供依据，指导在边坡发生严重变形时的应急处理。白鹤坪边坡是三峡库区的典型边坡，依据边坡的变形特征定性地认为该边坡为潜在的推移式滑坡。1998年调查发现白鹤边坡存在一定的滑移，为了对其实施监测预报、预警，减轻因其滑动而引起的地质灾害，在该边坡上建立了由10个GPS观测点组成的边坡位移观测系统，以监测边坡的变形。本文以2014年5月至2016年4月近两年的白鹤坪边坡变形观测系统所获得的位移数据为基础，对边坡的位移变形进行了统计，并结合数值模拟分析了边坡的水平向相对位移。分析表明，在边坡由缓变陡处变形显著增加，边坡现处于基本稳定状态，其变形主要受降雨影响，每年汛期时（5-10月）边坡变形量偏高。其次为库水作用影响，江水对坡脚冲蚀，使边坡前缘局部产生了小规模崩滑现象。 相似文献
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基于加卸载响应比理论的降雨型滑坡预警研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在建立边坡远程实时监测系统并获得变形与降雨量连续监测数据的基础上,运用加卸载响应比理论的基本原理,提出以一用为加卸载周期、将日降雨量及其变化作为边坡的加卸载参数、相应的日平均变形速率及其变化值为加卸载响应参数,建立了基于加卸栽响应比的降雨型滑坡短周期预警模型。以某公路边坡为例,运用加卸载响应比预测模型对边坡的2个监测点进行了加卸载响应比计算,发现2个点的加卸载响应比时序曲线与其稳定性动态演化规律相吻合。研究结果表明,可以运用该模型进行降雨型滑坡短周期预测预警。 相似文献
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对原GNSS变形监测终端进行改造升级,研发了多星多频GNSS高精度变形监测终端,研究了GNSS本地解算技术,结合4G全网通、短距离通信技术和北斗短报文等多模通信融合技术,解决野外复杂环境下现场监测终端不能稳定解算及北斗GN S S原始数据无法完整传输至服务器等问题,并将阵列式位移计应用于清远市阳山县太平镇太平村滑坡隐患... 相似文献
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由削坡建房遗留的人工边坡存在大量滑坡隐患问题,在降雨引发土质边坡自身动力变化分析条件下,以稳定性评价建模为基础,提出降雨型滑坡动力学预警预报模型。文中以广东省梅州市花岗岩地区为例,使用GIS技术构建了1 727个预警分析单元,并进行关键地质环境因子赋值及与气象站点数据关联;按坡高、坡度等参数,分别构建16个边坡失稳动力学预警模块,并根据降雨量变化,计算边坡稳定性系数,最终按其阈值确定风险等级并予以预警。本研究对于推动人工边坡诱发的滑坡地质灾害预警预报与预防均具有重要意义。 相似文献
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滑坡是我国最常见的地质灾害之一.老滑坡体加上断层破碎带的影响往往导致工程滑坡成因机理更为复杂.针对广东大潮高速公路K20工点滑坡案例的破坏情况,通过现场调研和地质勘测确定该滑坡工程的变形特征,探讨了受老滑坡及断层带控制的滑坡致灾机理,并且对该处滑坡进行了稳定性分析.结果表明:该处为老滑坡地貌,地质构造是形成老滑坡的控制因素,公路路堑边坡开挖引起的坡体应力状态改变诱发了老滑坡的复活,降雨集中将加剧复活滑坡的灾害风险.针对上述分析结果,在该处滑坡原设计的基础上,提出了抗滑桩支档、锚索锚杆格梁和综合排水等综合性整治措施. 相似文献
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为了研究太原市太山龙泉寺拟建舍利塔边坡稳定性，对所在场地及外围地形地貌、地层、地质构造、水文条件进行了调查。结合7个探井，确定了塔址所在场地的土质边坡体可能失稳的模式，进行了边坡稳定性分析、计算。结果表明，场地在自然状态下边坡稳定系数为1.37，在烈度为Ⅷ、Ⅸ度地震影响下边坡稳定系数分别为1.24、1.15。根据《建筑边坡工程技术规范》（GB50330-2013），塔址所在边坡是稳定的，不必对边坡进行处理；其次结合3个探槽揭露，发现场地北侧基岩边坡曾发生过滑动，据其滑动面倾角、滑动量及错断地层特征，认为是一种特殊边坡变形破坏-岩体错落，为崩塌与滑坡之间的中间类型，从现存的地形地貌特征分析，现阶段错落体已趋于基本稳定状态，稳定性较好；最后给出了预防边坡滑动的建议和措施，研究结果可为其他类似边坡场地地震稳定性研究提供参考借鉴。 相似文献
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福泉滑坡具有顺倾上硬下软的结构特征,采用颗粒流离散元模拟采动滑坡的变形破坏全过程,研究福泉滑坡在露天开采条件下变形破坏的地质力学模式。基于颗粒流离散元程序,引入平行粘结模型,通过参数标定确定细观参数与宏观力学性质的关系,据此建立斜坡模型,模拟斜坡采动过程中的变形破坏全过程,确定该类采动滑坡形成的地质力学模式;研究滑坡滑动过程中的速度和能量变化以及堆积特征。研究表明:斜坡采动过程中,潜在滑面顺层滑移,后缘拉裂,裂纹从下往上向软弱面拓展,前缘坡脚处岩体形成锁固段,斜坡出现由前缘至后缘缘递减的蠕滑变形,随着斜坡进一步采动,锁固段发生剪切破坏,前缘坡体启动,中后部裂缝贯通—滑移,斜坡整体失稳破坏,形成牵引式采动滑坡,该类滑坡形成的地质力学模式可分为:滑移—拉裂—剪断3个阶段;对滑坡运动过程的模拟可知,采坑积水是小坝组受灾的关键转化因子。 相似文献
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Landslides in forested landscapes have far-reaching implications, beyond that of just destroying the forest itself, sometimes initiating large-scale sediment disasters. Although vegetation increases slope stability through its root network, it is hard to evaluate its contribution to slope stability over a wide area. In this study, the relationship between tree height and landslide characteristics in the Ikawa catchment, central Japan, was investigated to develop a method for evaluating the effects of forest cover on slope stability over a regional extent. Catchment-wide tree height was obtained using airborne LiDAR point cloud data and used in conjunction with the root depth profile, measured for trees of various height by digging trenches. Root tensile strength per unit area of soil was calculated from individual root diameters and empirical power law equations on the relationship between root diameter and root tensile force in order to better understand the effect that tree height has on slope stability. Landslide density in the Ikawa catchment shows that landslides occur more frequently in forests with shorter trees, with occurrence decreasing as tree height increases. This is likely due to the stabilizing features of larger trees having a greater network of roots, which is supported by the general increase in total root area and the deeper penetration of root biomass into the soil as the height of trees surveyed increases. Landslide density was not solely affected by tree height, but also by slope gradient and plane curvature. Decreasing landslide occurrence and landslide area as tree height increases suggests that slope stability increases with tree height, while the random distribution of results when comparing landslide depth to tree height suggests that while tree height has an impact on relative slope stability, the landslide failure depth is independent of tree height, and thus controlled by other factors. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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岩浆活动的不同阶段引起地表变化不同。地表形变受压力源大小、形状、深度及岩浆运移速率等影响；另外火山类型不同，地形不同，形变特征也不同。地表形变幅度范围很大，为1×10-7—1米量级。火山区形变监测可以了解火山活动状态，有助于进行喷发危险性的预测预报。形变监测从20世纪60年代的传统技术逐渐过渡到20世纪90年代发展起来的GNSS和InSAR等大地测量新技术，火山区形变时空监测能力得到提高，同时缩短了预测时间。我国火山形变监测开始较晚，现已在长白山天池、腾冲以及海南等主要火山区开展监测。传统的连续测量以地倾斜观测为主；新技术主要以流动GNSS监测为主，连续观测站少，InSAR技术研究时间密度不够；目前形变监测还不能实现很好的时空覆盖。 相似文献
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RESTORATION OF THE ORIGINAL TOPOGRAPHY OF THE XIAONANHAI LANDSLIDE IN CHONGQING AND CALCULATION OF ITS VOLUME 
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下载免费PDF全文 As documented in history, an M6¼ earthquake occurred between Qianjiang, Chongqing and Xianfeng, Hubei(also named the Daluba event)in 1856. This earthquake caused serious geological hazards, including a lot of landslides at Xiaonanhai, Wangdahai, Zhangshangjie and other places. Among them, the Xiaonanhai landslide is a gigantic one, which buried a village and blocked the river, creating a quake lake that has been preserved to this day. As the Xiaonanhai landslide is a historical earthquake-induced landslide, it is impossible to obtain the remote sensing image and DEM data before the earthquake, which brings certain difficulties to the estimation of landslide volume and the establishment of numerical simulation model. In this paper, the original topography before the earthquake is inferred by the methods of geomorphic analogy in adjacent areas and numerical simulation, and the volume of the Xiaonanhai landslide body is calculated. Firstly, the principle and application of UAV aerial photography are introduced. We employed an unmanned airplane to take pictures of the Xiaonanhai landslide and adjacent areas, yielding high-precision DOM images(digital orthophoto graph)and DEM data which permit generating terrain contours with a 25m interval. We also used the method of intensive manual depth measurement in waters to obtain the DEM data of bottom topography of Xiaonanhai quake lake. Based on field investigations, and combining terrain contours and DOM images, we described the sizes and forms of each slump mass in detail. Secondly, considering that the internal and external dynamic geological processes of shaping landforms in the same place are basically the same, the landforms such as ridges and valleys are also basically similar. Therefore, combining with the surrounding topography and landform of the Xiaonanhai area, we used MATLAB software to reconstruct two possible original landform models before the landslide. The original topography presented by model A is a relatively gentle slope, with a slope of 40°~50°, and the original topography presented by model B is a very high and steep slope, with a slope of 70°~80°. Thirdly, Geostudio software is used to conduct numerical simulation analysis on the slope stability. The safety factor of slope stability and the scale of landslide are analyzed under the conditions of static stability, seismic dynamic response and seismic dynamic response considering topographic amplification effect. The results show that large landslide is more likely to occur in model B, which is more consistent with the reality. In order to verify the credibility of recovered DEM data of valley bottom topography, we visited the government of Qianjiang District, collected the drilling data of 11 boreholes in two survey lines of Xiaonanhai weir dam. It is verified that the recovered valley bottom elevation is basically consistent with that revealed by the borehole data. Finally, according to the two kinds of topographic data before and after the landslide, the volume of the landslide is calculated by using the filling and excavation analysis function of ArcGIS software. There is a gap between the calculation results of filling and excavation, the filling data is 3×106m3 larger than the excavation data. The reasons are mainly as follows: 1)Due to the disorderly accumulation of collapse blocks, the porosity of the accumulation body became larger, causing the volume of the fill to expand; 2)It has been more than 150a since the Xiaonanhai earthquake, and the landslide accumulation has been seriously reconstructed, therefore, there are some errors in the filling data; 3)The accumulation body in Xiaonanhai quake lake might be subject to erosion and siltation, this may affect the accuracy of the filling data. In conclusion, it is considered that the calculated results of the excavation are relatively reliable, with a volume of 4.3×107m3. 相似文献
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作为人造工程的三峡水库的建立，使得库区水体聚集，地球质量重新分布，将使地壳的物理结构以及局部地球重力场发生变化．针对上述问题，对库区的水准面、点绝对重力值、垂线方向和高程、高程基准面等的重力场变化以及地壳形变进行了研究．主要结果是：当蓄水水位达到峰值１７５ｍ（坝高）时，大地水准面有２．２３－１１．２ｍｍ的变化，点重力值有（０．８３－４．６）×１０－５ｍｓ－２的变化，垂线偏差的变化分别为－０．６２＂－６．５０＂（南北方向）和－６．４２＂－１．３４＂（东西方向）地壳的形变量为１．３２－６．６５ｍｍ，这些变化将引起测区的高程产生３．５５－１７．８４ｍｍ的变化．因此，原有库区及其附近的测量资料（包括水准、天文、重力等）必须审慎使用，并应建立库区形变监测网，对地壳形变、地震、滑坡、大坝变形等进行监测． 相似文献
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利用川滇地区的GNSS和GRACE数据, 结合不同地球模型和负荷理论, 研究了地球模型对地表季节性负荷形变计算的影响, 该工作对于选取合适的地球模型开展负荷形变研究具有一定的参考价值。 研究表明: ① 川滇地区GNSS观测的地壳垂向季节性形变振幅为20 mm左右, GRACE反演的垂向形变与GNSS的结果相位一致, 振幅存在差异。 ② 区域地球模型的负荷勒夫数与其他地球模型的差异较大, 且负荷勒夫数hn对地球结构的变化较为敏感。 ③ 区域地球模型可以改善GRACE反演的负荷形变结果, 从而减小与GNSS观测结果的差异。 ④ 川滇地区大部分GNSS测站的加权均方根比值减小量呈现由东北向西南方向逐渐增加的变化趋势。 相似文献
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基于室内试验获取黄土滑坡的静力和动力力学强度参数,建立低角度黄土滑坡破坏大型物理模拟试验模型,结合FLAC3D有限差分软件,分析黄土滑坡的动力响应规律和宏观破坏特性,阐明在地震作用下黄土滑坡的失稳演化规律,揭示黄土滑坡滑体运动迁移路径。结果表明：低角度黄土-泥岩滑坡在地震荷载作用下地震波水平方向和垂直方向均出现明显的放大效应;在黄土层内部,随着斜坡高度增加,坡肩和斜坡后缘加速度放大效应较为明显,对比坡脚、坡腰和坡肩处剖面上加速度放大系数,下伏泥岩对地震波产生一定的放大效应。松弛拉张裂隙,土体强度降低,接触面和坡肩、斜坡后缘处的拉张裂缝形成弧形滑移面,上覆黄土层由内向外依次连带下滑,坡肩处土体的下滑力和地震力促使坡腰土体大面积长距离滑动,最大滑动涉及范围长达200 m左右,土体下滑至坡脚发生堆积并产生隆起。数值模拟结果和振动台试验结果在动力响应和宏观变形破坏特征均呈现较高的吻合度。 相似文献
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Upper crustal deformation characteristics in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau and its adjacent areas revealed by GNSS and anisotropy data 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The northeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau is a region where different tectonic blocks collide and intersect, and large earthquakes are frequent. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations show that tectonic deformation in this region is strong and manifests as non-uniform deformation associated with tectonic features. S-wave splitting studies of near-field seismic data show that seismic anisotropy parameters can also reveal the upper crustal medium deformation beneath the reporting station. In this paper, we summarize the surface deformation from GNSS observations and crustal deformation from seismic anisotropy data in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. By comparing the principal compressive strain direction with the fast S-wave polarization direction of near-field S-wave splitting, we analyzed deformation and its differences in surface and upper crustal media in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau and adjacent areas. The principal compressive strain direction derived from GNSS is generally consistent with the polarization direction of fast S-waves, but there are also local tectonic regions with large differences between them, which reflect the different deformation mechanisms of regional upper crustal media. The combination of GNSS and seismic anisotropy data can reveal the depth variation characteristics of crustal deformation and deepen understanding of three-dimensional crustal deformation and the deep dynamical mechanisms underlying it. it. 相似文献