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1.
岑璐瑶  陈滢  张进  刘敏  吴庆明 《湖泊科学》2019,31(2):365-374
利用种植不同植物的人工湿地对污水厂尾水进行深度处理以达到更严格的排放标准.利用5块尺寸一致的中试规模人工湿地,以潮汐流作为运行方式,研究不同植物对尾水的处理效果.经过一年的实验,结果表明:5块人工湿地出水各指标均能达到提升标准的排放要求.在不同植物的去污效果对比实验中,种植芦苇(Phragmites communis)的人工湿地对化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮和总氮(TN)的平均去除率均为最高,分别为24.01%、68.15%和92.70%;种植风车草(Cyperus alternifolius)的人工湿地对TP的平均去除率最高,为71.68%.在不同季节的去污效果对比实验中,春季芦苇湿地对COD、氨氮和TN的去除效果最好,平均去除率分别为52.51%、76.06%和92.04%,美人蕉(Canna indica)湿地对TP去除效果最好,平均去除率为66.72%;夏季对COD、氨氮、TP和TN处理效果最好的分别是种植丝带草(Phalaris arundinacea)、菖蒲(Acorus calamus)、风车草和芦苇的人工湿地,平均去除率分别为15.83%、78.11%、67.30%和91.73%;秋季对COD、氨氮、TP、TN处理效果最好的分别是种植芦苇、丝带草、风车草、美人蕉的人工湿地,平均去除率分别为12.19%、58.82%、83.16%和94.01%;冬季对COD去除效果最好的是种植丝带草的人工湿地,平均去除率为33.39%,对氨氮、TP处理效果最好的是种植美人蕉的人工湿地,平均去除率分别为76.33%和79.43%,对TN处理效果最好的是种植芦苇的人工湿地,平均去除率为94.97%.在以后的实际工程中,可以考虑用种植不同季节、不同指标对应的最佳去污植物为主,并且搭配种植其他植物的人工湿地进行污水厂尾水的深度处理.  相似文献   

2.
种植水生植物,尤其是沉水植物,是目前广泛应用于受损水体的最主要的生态修复方法之一. 研究不同生长型沉水植物组合对水体理化因子的影响及营养物质的去除效率可为受损水生生态系统修复提供重要的科学依据. 本研究以我国水体修复中常用的3种不同生长型沉水植物苦草(Vallisneria natans)、黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)和穗状狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)为研究对象,采用1种生长型种植和2种生长型及3种生长型混种模式,研究不同生长型沉水植物组合及其不同生长阶段对实验系统水质指标及氮、磷等营养物质去除率的影响. 结果表明,所有植物组合处理均显著提高了系统中总氮、总磷和氨氮去除率; 在实验前中期总氮、总磷和氨氮去除率最高. 从本实验受试物种组合来看,1种和2种生长型组合比3种生长型组合具有更高的生物量累积量和总氮去除率. Pearson相关性分析显示,实验系统中的pH、DO浓度与植物总生物量呈显著正相关,总氮、总磷、氨氮浓度均与植物总生物量呈显著负相关. 建议在受损浅水水生态系统修复过程中,根据生态修复不同阶段考虑不同生活型、生长型和功能群的水生植物组合; 在生态修复过程中需加强管理,如水生植物收割等,才能达到最好的修复效果.  相似文献   

3.
云南省鹤庆盆地2.78Ma以来的环境演化   总被引:11,自引:3,他引:11  
肖海丰  沈吉  肖霞云 《湖泊科学》2006,18(3):255-260
通过构建于新沂河河漫滩上的表面流人工温地系统处理污染河水的现场中试研究表明,在CODMn和NH4 -N进水浓度分别为11.69-60.00 mg/L和1.37-20.18 mg/L时,种植千屈菜、美人蕉、香蒲、水葱4种不同植物的表面流人工湿地系统,对CODMn的平均去除效率分别为26.44%、40.12%、46.71%、28.23%,对NH4 -N的平均去除效率分别为64.27%、70.49%、66.78%、58.52%,其中香蒲和美人蕉的净化能力较强.4种植物中水葱的耐淹能力最强,在完全淹水达22 d以上时,水葱依然生长良好;千屈菜的耐淹能力最弱,在完全淹水7 d后就开始枯萎,淹水17 d后地上、地下部分全部死亡.  相似文献   

4.
香蒲、灯心草人工湿地的研究——Ⅰ.净化污水的效果   总被引:70,自引:5,他引:70  
本文研究了种植香蒲Typha angustifolia或灯心草Juncus effusus的人工湿地对城镇污水和人工不污染物的净化效果,调查了香蒲,灯心草不同季节的生长差异及高浓度污水冲击负荷对其生长的影响。香蒲,灯心草人工湿地净化城镇污水,出水水质总体上达到国家Ⅱ,Ⅲ类地面水标准,灯心草湿地对人工污水中凯氏氮,总磷,化学耗氧量地去除率维持在94%以上,氨氮的去除率为82.7%-99.7%;在正常  相似文献   

5.
姚程  胡小贞  姜霞  陈俊伊  王坤 《湖泊科学》2021,33(6):1626-1638
以太湖贡湖湾人工湖滨带为对象,研究湖滨水生植物修复过程及其富营养化控制效果.人工湖滨区域内的消浪带、岸上护坡措施为水生植物修复提供了良好的生境条件,形成了包括荇菜(Nymphoides peltatum(Gmel.)Kuntze)、睡莲(Nymphaea tetragona Georgi)、菱(Trapa bispinosa Roxb.)为主的浮叶植物群落,以及以黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata(Linn.f.)Royle)、狐尾藻(Myriophyllum verticillatum L.)、小眼子菜(Potamogeton pusillus L.)、竹叶眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus)为主的沉水植物群落.通过设置研究区、对照区,持续监测溶解氧、总氮、总磷、氨氮、叶绿素a浓度等水体指标,烧失量、氮含量、磷含量等沉积物指标,水生植物生物量、覆盖度,浮游藻类等指标.不同时期、不同区域间的时空分布显示:随着水生植物的恢复,水体营养状态指数(TLI)、沉积物生物生产力指数(BPI)显著下降,水体透明度显著提升;较高浓度的总氮(>3.0 mg/L)、氨氮(>0.6 mg/L)环境不利于浮叶植物的生长,沉水植物对其则表现出更好的适应性,同时水生植物在成长过程中直接从水体/沉积物中吸收氮;颤藻(Cyanophyta oscillatoria)、直裂藻(Cyanophyta merismopedia)等浮游藻类吸收了水体磷,水生植物利用了沉积物磷,共同缓解了磷在湖滨区域的累计.总结以上,湖滨带的水文水质条件可以影响水生植物群落结构,进而决定氮、磷的控制效果,所以在湖滨带修复中构建合适的生境条件是水生植物发挥氮磷控制效果的重要前提.水生植物在恢复过程中对浮游藻类群落结构的影响是显著的,并且以此影响到湖滨水体中磷的分布.  相似文献   

6.
人工浮床运用于入湖河流原位净化模拟研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
2009年11月至次年7月,在太滆运河滆湖入运河段开展黑麦草与美人蕉、水芹菜分别搭配混种的人工浮床对河流水体原位净化动态模拟研究.结果表明该人工浮床能够持续净化流动水体.人工浮床对TN去除率为5% - 35%,TP去除率为5% -40%,CODMn去除率为5%-20%.在温度相对较高、浮床植物迅速生长的情况下浮床去除率...  相似文献   

7.
本文首次对马来眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus)、苦草(Vallisneria natans)、芦苇(Phragmites australis)、菖蒲(Acorus calamus)、荇菜(Nymphoides peltatum)和菱角(Trapa incisa) 6种水生植物根系小分子量有机酸(Low Molecular Weight Organic Acids,LMWOAs)分泌差异性及其对环境胁迫(温度、缺磷和高铵态氮)响应特征进行研究结果证实6种受试植物根系分泌LMWOAs组成和含量具有明显的物种差异性;其中,甲酸、乳酸和草酸为主要有机酸温度可显著影响水生植物根系LMWOAs分泌量而对种类影响不大,高温(30℃)刺激莕菜根系LMWOAs分泌量增加,但却明显抑制苦草和菖蒲根系LMWOAs分泌; 25℃时马来眼子菜、芦苇和菱角根系LMWOAs分泌量最多缺磷和高铵态氮胁迫均会显著影响水生植物根系LMWOAs分泌量和种类缺磷胁迫促进苦草、菖蒲和莕菜根系LMWOAs分泌量增加68.68%、55.30%和257.82%,并刺激乙酸和苹果酸等有机酸分泌;而缺磷胁迫可导致马来眼子菜、芦苇和菱角根系LMWOAs分泌量降低38.72%、13.79%和58.99%,且乳酸、甲酸和丁二酸分泌完全被抑制;这表明苦草、菖蒲和莕菜三者能较好的适应缺磷环境高铵态氮胁迫下苦草根系LMWOAs分泌量和种类增加明显;而其余5种受试植物在高铵态氮胁迫下根系LMWOAs分泌量被明显抑制,尤其是乳酸、苹果酸和酒石酸含量显著降低综上所述,水生植物分泌LMWOAs特征差异性显著,可在一定程度上反映其耐逆境胁迫能力,本文结果将为水生植物生态修复机理和实践提供重要理论依据.  相似文献   

8.
8种湿地植物的生长状况及泌氧能力   总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2  
林剑华  杨扬  李丽  麦晓蓓 《湖泊科学》2015,27(6):1042-1048
湿地植物是人工湿地的核心部分,筛选优良的植物种类,将有利于充分发挥湿地植物的功能,提高人工湿地污水处理的能力.分析4种须根型植物香蒲(Typha orientalis)、美人蕉(Canna indica)、灯芯草(Juncus effusus)、纸莎草(Cyperus papyrus)和4种根茎型植物菖蒲(Acorus calamus)、再力花(Thalia dealbata)、芦竹(Arundo donax)、黄菖蒲(Iris pseudacorus)在厌氧、水培条件下的生长状况及根系泌氧特性;比较它们的根和茎叶生物量、相对生长速率(RGR)、根长、根孔隙度和泌氧量(率)等生理生态特性.结果表明,8种湿地植物在厌氧条件下生长状况良好;其中,须根型植物的生物量、RGR和泌氧能力均显著优于根茎型植物.在相同光照条件下,灯芯草的泌氧率最大,为192.62μmol O2/(d·g(DWroot)),而黄菖蒲的根系泌氧率最小,仅为68.81μmol O2/(d·g(DWroot)).各植物根系泌氧率大小为:灯芯草纸莎草香蒲美人蕉菖蒲再力花芦竹黄菖蒲.方差分析显示:植物根系泌氧率与根孔隙度呈极显著正相关,而植物泌氧量与RGR、各生物量呈极显著正相关,但与根茎比呈显著负相关.  相似文献   

9.
李正魁  濮培民 《湖泊科学》2000,12(4):321-326
本文依据太湖秋冬季水体氮污染的特点,应用辐射增殖氮循环细胞进行了净化湖水氮污染的动态模拟实验,研究结果表明,富营养化湖水经固定化氮循环净化后,总氮下降72.4%,氨氮下降85.6%,出水水质得到明显改善,固定化氮循环细茵在冬季低温(7℃)条件下仍保持了较高的降氮能力,总氮和氨氮去除率分别为55.6%,58.9%,降氮效果与湖水滞留时间有关,探讨了固定化氮循环细茵的降氮机理。  相似文献   

10.
人工湿地复合基质深度净水除磷实验   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
通过垂直上升流人工湿地模拟柱实验,研究了泥炭、蛭石、砾石以不同体积比(柱1比例1:1:3,柱2比例1:1:2, 柱3比例1:1:1,柱4全为砾石)组成的复合基质对人工湿地出水的深度除磷效果.结果表明,填充复合基质的柱1-3对总磷和正磷酸盐的处理效果较好,去除率分别达到了77%和90%以上,明显优于填充单一基质砾石的柱4(27%和 21%);蛭石、泥炭价格远高于砾石,从经济、有效的原则出发,用蛭石、泥炭、砾石以1:1:3的体积比例混合作为复合填料比较合理;该复合基质适合于水质深度净化,在进水总磷浓度不超过0.1 mg/L的情况下,除磷效果相当稳定,可以保证 0.02mg/L以下的出水浓度(地表Ⅲ类水质标准),并达到80%左右的去除率;遇到高浓度磷污染负荷冲击时,磷去除率会降低;该复合基质的除磷机制主要为吸附净化,单独使用易吸附饱和,而与人工湿地中与湿地植物的吸收净化衔接起来,就能形成稳定持久的除磷效果.  相似文献   

11.
高效净化氮磷污水的湿地水生植物筛选与组合   总被引:14,自引:2,他引:12       下载免费PDF全文
抚仙湖流域未进行生态修复的磷矿废弃地面积142×10^4m^2,对磷矿废弃地污染物流失量和区域内径流污染物含量进行调查观测,并提出磷矿废弃地水污染防治对策.富磷矿石剖面和堆土场在风化作用和降雨淋溶作用下,大量氟、磷等元素释放,造成磷矿区内地表径流和地下渗流污染结合实测的磷矿废弃地面积和土柱淋溶实验得到的污染物淋溶量,估算得到磷矿废弃地每年F和TP的淋溶流失量为60.65t/a和2734t/a,随地表径流迁移进入抚仙湖的F和TP分别为22.58t/a和7.27t/a由此可见,磷矿开采是抚仙湖的一个持久污染源,对湖泊营养化演变进程起了推动作用。  相似文献   

12.
Inorganic carbon uptake, translocation and release were tested in partitioned chambers with six submersed running water macrophytes from hard-water habitats as well as with one soft-water macrophyte. All species were able to remove labelled inorganic carbon from the water by both systems. foliage and rhizome/root system, the uptake via foliage predominating clearly. Most of the carbon taken up by the rhizome/root system was translocated into the photosynthetically active tissues. The reversed translocation was rather small with most of the species. Release of labelled carbon was below 1% of total uptake, except forCallitriche obtusangula andRanunculus fluitans from the soft-water habitat.  相似文献   

13.
Biodiversity in urban areas is affected by a multitude of stressors. In addition to physico-chemical stress factors, the native regional species pool can be greatly reduced in highly urbanized landscapes due to area loss and fragmentation. In this study, we investigated how macrophyte composition and diversity in urban water systems are limited by the regional species pool and local environmental conditions. Canonical correspondence analysis of the macrophyte species composition revealed that urban and semi-natural water systems differed and differences could be related to local abiotic variables such as pH and iron concentrations. Macrophytes in the semi-natural area were typical for slightly acid and oligotrophic conditions. In urban water systems, exotic species characteristic of eutrophic conditions were present. In the semi-natural areas, the number of macrophyte species exceeded the number of species expected from species–area relationships of artificial water bodies in rural areas. In urban areas, the number of macrophyte species was similar to artificial water systems in rural areas. Macrophyte species present in the study areas also were generally found within 20–30 km distance to the study area. Macrophyte species composition in urban water systems and semi-natural water systems appeared to be influenced by the regional species pool within approximately 30 km of the locations. Nevertheless, site limitation ultimately determined the local macrophyte species composition and diversity in urban water systems and in semi-natural water systems.  相似文献   

14.
We examined the distribution of submerged and emergent macrophyte species and the entire macrophyte community within and between five lake types (highland reservoirs, alkali lakes, large shallow lakes, small to medium sized shallow lakes, marshes) in the Pannon Ecoregion, Hungary. The lowest submerged, emergent and total species richness was found in alkali lakes. The highest submerged macrophyte richness was in small to medium sized lakes, while the highest emergent macrophyte species richness was in reservoirs, small to medium sized lakes, and marshes. The values of within-lake type beta diversity were generally lower than the values of alpha diversity, especially for submerged macrophytes, indicating between site homogeneity in species composition within the lake types. Emergent macrophyte communities contributed the most to within and between lake type diversity and total (gamma) diversity. Canonical correspondence analyses showed that the main environmental variables which influenced the distribution of submerged macrophytes were conductivity, Secchi transparency and water nitrogen contents. For emergent macrophytes conductivity, lake width, altitude and water depth proved to be the most influential variables. Our results contribute to the knowledge of large-scale distribution of macrophytes in the Pannon Ecoregion and to the identification of conservation value of lakes using macrophytes. The results support the importance of small lakes and artificial lakes in the conservation of macrophyte diversity compared to large and natural lakes in the Pannon Ecoregion.  相似文献   

15.
太湖贡湖湾虾类种类组成与时空分布特征   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
温周瑞  谢平  徐军 《湖泊科学》2011,23(6):961-966
分别于2005年4月、7月、10月利用蹦网对贡湖湾虾类种类组成和时空分布进行调查.共采集到虾类9605尾,属于2科3属5种,分别是秀丽白虾(Exopalaemon modestus)、日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)、锯齿新米虾中华亚种(Neocaridina denticulata sin...  相似文献   

16.
洱海近50a来沉水植被演替及其主要驱动要素   总被引:8,自引:6,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
依据文献报道的洱海水质、水文(水位)和沉水植被(物种组成、生物量及分布面积)数据,分析了近50年来洱海的水质变化、水位波动情况以及沉水植被的演替过程,探讨了驱动洱海沉水植被演替的主要环境因子.分析表明,洱海沉水植被群落经历了原生、过渡、顶级和衰退等主要阶段;自1980s以来,流域入湖营养盐增加、水质持续下降、藻类生物量逐年升高、沉水植被群落结构简单化和抑藻功能退化等因素是驱动洱海沉水植被演替与分布的原动力,水位大幅波动加速了洱海水生态系统由清水态向浊水态转变,并导致沉水植物大量衰退和某些特有物种消失.因此,在洱海水生态系统的治理以及沉水植被的恢复过程中,应优先考虑降低外源营养盐输入和优化水位调控.  相似文献   

17.
Does the Structural Quality of Running Waters Affect the Occurrence of Macrophytes? The morphological structure plays, besides e.g. nutrient concentration, an important role for the integrated assessment of running waters. This paper focuses on the relationship between structural quality and macrophyte vegetation. During summer 2000 structural quality according to LAWA, macrophyte vegetation, and selected habitat parameters were recorded in 135 mapping sections in running waters in Southern Germany. In streams of high structural diversity, generally higher species richness is expected than in rivers of low diversity of habitats. However, no significant differences in macrophyte species richness were detected between different classes of structural quality. In contrast, bryophytes alone showed a significant decrease in species richness with degradation of structural quality. The number of species of other macrophytes increased, respectively. The relationship between occurrence of macrophytes, structural quality, and other environmental variables was analysed using canonical correspondence analysis. Rivers of high structural quality mostly showed high flowing velocities and were heavily shaded. These environmental conditions, which characterize river types of mountainous regions, were predominantly tolerated by bryophytes. Vascular plants and charophytes generally prefer slowly flowing and unshaded habitats. River types exhibiting these environmental conditions often are more influenced by human activities and are more structurally degraded, respectively. With respect to these fundamental differences between river types, species richness of macrophytes and class of structural quality are not correlated when all types of rivers are taken into account. Type‐specific ecomorphological parameters, which conceal the differences in species richness caused by structural quality, are discussed. Structural degraded rivers can provide good environmental conditions for vascular plants and charophytes. To predict macrophyte species richness from structural quality, a differentiation of river types is essential.  相似文献   

18.
连续6年对星湖仙女湖区水生植被种类、分布、生物量、水体状况进行了调查研究;共采集到水生植物24种,隶属于18科23属,可分为挺水植被、漂浮植被、浮叶植被和沉水植被4种生活型和8个植物群丛,其中苦草群丛占水生植被生物量70%以上,密齿苦草为绝对优势种;2004年与1999年比较,星湖仙女湖水体叶绿素a增加142%,透明度下降54%,水生植被盖度和生物量减少99%,水生植被群落结构趋于简化、多样性下降;星湖仙女湖水生植被发生逆向演替的主要原因是水体污染负荷增加和渔业生产的影响,削减污染负荷和控制渔业生产是促进星湖仙女湖水生植被恢复的重要途径.  相似文献   

19.
巢湖沉水植物现状(2010年)及其与环境因子的关系   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
任艳芹  陈开宁 《湖泊科学》2011,23(3):409-416
在对巢湖2010年沉水植物和环境因子调查的基础上,分析了巢湖沉水植物群落特征、分布规律,应用冗余分析探讨了沉水植物与环境因子之间的关系.结果表明,现场观测到的沉水植物共计4科5属6种,全湖生物量约为8077.8t,分布面积仅占巢湖总面积的1.54%.其中马来眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus Miq.)...  相似文献   

20.
Susanne Schneider   《Limnologica》2007,37(4):281-289
Ecological optima and ranges of submerged macrophytes are, amongst other factors, assumed to be influenced by ecoregion and flow velocity. In order to test the influence of ecoregion within Europe, species indicator values of three European macrophyte river trophic indices were compared to each other. Species indicator values of the United Kingdom (UK), French and German bioindication methods are significantly correlated with each other. The most obvious difference between the three indicator systems is the number of included indicator taxa. Two species exhibit major differences in indicator values: Callitriche hamulata has a broader ecological amplitude in Germany and France than in the UK, where it is restricted to oligotrophic rivers, while Ranunculus fluitans has a broad ecological amplitude in the UK, whereas the species is restricted to eutrophic rivers in Germany and France.

In order to test if current velocity has an influence on macrophyte trophic indicator qualities, species indicator values of a river (Trophic Index of Macrophytes, TIM) and a lake macrophyte trophic index (Macrophyte Index, MI), both of them applicable in Bavaria, Germany, were compared to each other. Species indicator values are significantly correlated. The most important difference is that different species are included in lake and river indicator lists. Only approximately 60% of the total species are used in both TIM and MI. Three species exhibit a major difference in ecological optima between rivers and lakes: Ranunculus circinatus has a broader ecological amplitude in rivers whereas the species is restricted to eutrophic lakes, Myriophyllum spicatum and Nuphar lutea show the opposite reaction.  相似文献   


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