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1.
本文利用沿厦门—连城测线布设的20个临时观测台的记录,结合近年发展起来的利用噪声提取面波格林函数的技术,提取了这20个临时观测点两两间的面波格林函数.结果表明,40天的噪声数据完全可以得到信噪比较高的面波格林函数,这可能和该测线与海岸线近似垂直,能量主要由沿海传向内陆有关.根据所有射线每天的面波格林函数随时间推移的变化,指出S04观测点在此次临时观测期间存在1.5~2.0 s的授时误差,这可很好的解释爆破观测中出现的震中距与波形到时的颠倒现象;并且,利用爆破记录的观测到时验证了“华南地区近震走时表”在该地区的适用性.  相似文献   

2.
利用中国大陆中东部地区以国家台网为主的100个分布均匀的宽频带地震台记录到的21个月的连续波形数据,经过单台数据处理和互相关叠加计算后,由时频分析法提取了研究区各台站对间瑞雷波的格林函数.为了检验经验格林函数的可靠性和稳定性,对沿部分路径的经验格林函数和频散曲线进行了质量评估.检测结果表明,自21个月叠加的台站对间背景噪声中提取的经验格林函数与实际的地震面波一致,提取的格林函数可靠.此外,统计了使用从3 21个月不同长度数据叠加后,经验格林函数信噪比大于10的频散曲线数目.结果表明,至少要使用12个月的数据才能提取到信噪比足够大,数目足够多,可用于反演面波速度结构的经验格林函数;12个月的叠加时长,可以保证30 s以下周期的频散曲线在时间上稳定.  相似文献   

3.
利用中国大陆中东部地区以国家台网为主的100个分布均匀的宽频带地震台记录到的21个月的连续波形数据, 经过单台数据处理和互相关叠加计算后, 由时频分析法提取了研究区各台站对间瑞雷波的格林函数. 为了检验经验格林函数的可靠性和稳定性, 对沿部分路径的经验格林函数和频散曲线进行了质量评估. 检测结果表明, 自21个月叠加的台站对间背景噪声中提取的经验格林函数与实际的地震面波一致, 提取的格林函数可靠. 此外, 统计了使用从3—21个月不同长度数据叠加后, 经验格林函数信噪比大于10的频散曲线数目. 结果表明, 至少要使用12个月的数据才能提取到信噪比足够大, 数目足够多, 可用于反演面波速度结构的经验格林函数; 12个月的叠加时长, 可以保证30 s以下周期的频散曲线在时间上稳定.   相似文献   

4.
利用噪声记录估计福建地区中上地壳体波速度结构   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
李军  金星  鲍挺  林树  韦永祥  张红才 《中国地震》2011,27(3):226-234
本文利用福建地震台网25个宽频带台站的噪声记录提取瑞利波和勒夫波频散曲线反演地壳波速结构,并利用爆破观测结果对该速度模型进行检验.结果表明:利用该方法得到的地壳波速结构在浅部分辨率较好,深部波速结构的反演结果精度较低,这主要是由于本文所选台站间距较小,提取得到的面波频散曲线在短周期部分精度较高,而长周期部分面波频散曲线的偏差较大.综合噪声反演结果与传统反演结果,本文最终给出了一个新的速度模型,利用该模型计算得到的理论走时与爆破观测走时具有很好的一致性.  相似文献   

5.
利用背景噪声研究地下结构即对两个台站长时间的地震噪声记录进行互相关计算提取台站间的格林函数,获取面波频散特征,并进一步层析成像或测量面波走时变化.通过该方法可获得壳幔速度结构和对地下介质监测.近些年,该方法在理论上和实践上都有长足进展.首先介绍地震背景噪声应用的发展历史,进而重点论述利用背景噪声对壳幔进行群速度和相速度结构成像、三维剪切波速度结构成像、与其他方法联合成像和对地下介质监测的应用.最后分析了目前背景噪声应用面临的问题,并展望了其发展前景.  相似文献   

6.
利用福建及其周边3省(浙江、江西、广东)数字地震监测台网的69个宽频带台站一年的噪声记录,采用互相关技术提取两两台站间的瑞利面波格林函数,反演得到了福建及其周边地区3个周期段(T=4s、T=10s、T=15s)的瑞利面波群速度分布图像。所得结果可为研究该地区的地壳构造、地热分布、地震活动等提供重要依据。  相似文献   

7.
从地震背景噪声、地震波直达波或者地震波尾波的相关函数中提取近似格林函数(Estimated Green's Function)已经成为地震学研究的一个热点.由近似格林函数中提取面波频散曲线,进而研究地壳和上地幔结构,已经成为地震学研究地球内部结构的一种新方法,其尺度由最初的几十千米发展到全球尺度.从原理上,只要由充分漫射波场的数据计算得到的互相关函数都可以得到近似格林函数,但在地震背景噪声数据的实际处理过程中,需要通过时间域的归一化处理压制地震信号的影响,然后利用频率域归一化压制单色噪声源影响和提高信噪比.但是时间域归一化的常用方法均为非线性,影响进一步提取噪声互相关函数(NCF)中的有效信息.我们通过对比有无时间域归一化和频率域归一化对不同数据进行计算得到了相似的NCF,发现时间域归一化处理并非必需,在此基础上频率域归一化处理也可以省略,由此得到一个简化的处理流程,直接计算长时间的地震记录的互相关函数得到近似格林函数,并且最大限度保留了原始振幅信息,可以更有效地用于研究噪声源.  相似文献   

8.
华北科学探测台阵背景噪声特征分析   总被引:17,自引:7,他引:10       下载免费PDF全文
利用华北科学探测台阵180多个宽频带台站2007年的连续记录,得到了台站之间噪声互相关函数.通过对三个分量记录的相关运算,获得了Rayleigh波和Love波的经验格林函数,分析了其信噪比随周期的变化和高信噪比台站对的方位分布.利用经验格林函数的非对称性和聚束方法,研究了华北科学探测台阵地震噪声的方位分布,及其季节变化特征.尽管噪声源的分布随季节有轻微变化,但全年的分析结果表明,10~32 s周期内华北台阵的地震噪声源在各个方向上的分布近于均匀,这为利用噪声成像提供了理论前提.  相似文献   

9.
秦岭及周边地区瑞雷波方位各向异性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
李爽  冯梅  安美建  董树文 《地震学报》2014,36(4):531-545
除了使用前人提取的面波频散曲线外, 还从秦岭及周边地区布设的59个宽频流动地震台的数据和中国地震局及各省局台网的数据中筛选出的地震事件波形和台站间噪声互相关格林函数中提取瑞雷波群速度频散曲线. 利用二维面波层析成像反演获得了瑞雷波周期为10—50 s的各向同性群速度及方位各向异性分布. 结果显示: 周期为10 s的各向同性群速度和方位各向异性分布与各构造单元存在明显的对应关系; 周期为10—50 s的面波在四川盆地和鄂尔多斯盆地内的快波方向多为近NS向. 与前人研究结果不同的是, 本文得到的秦岭、 大巴山构造带周期为10—50 s的面波快波方向均与山脉走向近似平行, 且与SKS波分析得到的快波方向一致. 这表明秦岭和大巴山之下整个岩石圈的快波方向都与山脉走向平行, 预示着秦岭和大巴山整个地壳, 甚至岩石圈发生了类似的变形. 由于四川盆地和鄂尔多斯盆地面波快波方向与SKS波结果差别较大, 推测青藏高原隆升扩展对这两个盆地的地壳基本无影响, 但对其岩石圈上地幔却产生了重大影响.   相似文献   

10.
背景噪声频散曲线测定及其在华北地区的应用   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
房立华  吴建平 《地震学报》2009,31(5):544-554
利用华北地震台阵垂直分量的观测资料,采用滑动绝对平均方法对资料进行预处理,通过互相关方法从背景噪声中提取瑞利面波的格林函数,开发了群速度频散曲线的自动提取工具,测量了位于华北盆地、燕山隆起和太行山隆起的3条频散曲线,反演得到了3个区域的S波速度结构.研究分析表明,滑动绝对平均方法可以有效降低地震和台站附近干扰源的影响.为了得到可靠的层析成像结果,应计算格林函数的信噪比,选择高信噪比的格林函数测量其频散曲线,进行层析成像反演.当信噪比大于7时,一般都能得到稳定可靠的频散曲线.群速度频散曲线的最大可信周期(Tmax)与台站间距有关,华北地区最大可信周期以不超过台站间距的1/12为宜,周期大于Tmax时不同月份测得的频散曲线变化较大.   相似文献   

11.
The velocity structure of the crust beneath Liaoning province and the Bohai sea in China was imaged using ambient seismic noise recorded by 73 regional broadband stations. All available three-component time series from the 12-month span between January and December 2013 were cross-correlated to yield empirical Green's functions for Rayleigh and Love waves. Phasevelocity dispersion curves for the Rayleigh waves and the Love waves were measured by applying the frequencytime analysis method. Dispersion measurements of the Rayleigh wave and the Love wave were then utilized to construct 2D phase-velocity maps for the Rayleigh wave at8–35 s periods and the Love wave at 9–32 s periods,respectively. Both Rayleigh and Love phase-velocity maps show significant lateral variations that are correlated well with known geological features and tectonics units in the study region. Next, phase dispersion curves of the Rayleigh wave and the Love wave extracted from each cell of the 2D Rayleigh wave and Love wave phase-velocity maps,respectively, were inverted simultaneously to determine the3 D shear wave velocity structures. The horizontal shear wave velocity images clearly and intuitively exhibit that the earthquake swarms in the Haicheng region and theTangshan region are mainly clustered in the transition zone between the low-and high-velocity zones in the upper crust, coinciding with fault zones, and their distribution is very closely associated with these faults. The vertical shear wave velocity image reveals that the lower crust downward to the uppermost mantle is featured by distinctly high velocities, with even a high-velocity thinner layer existing at the bottom of the lower crust near Moho in central and northern the Bohai sea along the Tanlu fault, and these phenomena could be caused by the intrusion of mantle material, indicating the Tanlu fault could be just as the uprising channel of deep materials.  相似文献   

12.
We first present a summary of recent results on coda interpretation. We emphasize the observation of the stabilization of P to S energy ratio indicating the modal equipartition of the wavefield. This property clearly shows that the coda waves are in the regime of multiple scattering. Numerical solutions of the elastic radiative transfer equation are used to illustrate the evolution of the wave-field towards P-to-S energy stabilization, and asymptotically to complete isotropy. The energy properties of the coda have been widely studied but the phase properties have often been neglected. The recently observed coherent backscattering enhancement, an expression of the so-called `weak localization', demonstrates that interference effects still persist for multiple diffracted waves. Another manifestation of the persistence of the phase is the possibility to reconstruct the Green function between two stations by averaging the cross correlation of coda waves produced by distant earthquakes and recorded at those two stations. This reconstruction is directly related to the properties of reciprocity and time reversal of any wavefield. Using broadband seismic coda waves, we show that the dominant phases of the Green function in the band 2 s–10 s, namely fundamental mode Rayleigh and Love waves, are reconstructed. We analyze the time symmetry of the cross correlation and show how the level of symmetry evolves with the isotropization of the diffuse field with lapse time. Similarly we investigate the correlation in continuous ambient noise records. Whereas the randomness of the coda results from multiple scattering by randomly distributed scatterers, we assume that the seismic noise is random mostly because of the distribution of sources at the surface of the Earth. Surface waves can be extracted from long time series. The dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves are deduced from the correlations. On paths where measurements from earthquake data are also available, we show that they are in good agreement with those deduced from noise correlation. The measurement of velocities from correlation of noise along paths crossing different crustal structures opens the way for a `passive imaging' of the Earth's structure.  相似文献   

13.
利用地震噪声准实时监测短周期面波波速变化   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8       下载免费PDF全文
李军  金星  周峥嵘  林树  袁丽文  陈莹 《地震学报》2009,31(6):629-640
依据由噪声信号提取面波格林函数的原理,利用福建省地震台网25个宽频带台站2007年7月2日—8月29日的脉动观测资料,得到了瑞雷波群速度在福建地区的分布,并将该结果作为下一步相对变化动态成像的背景速度分布.分布结果表明,福建地区周期为3—5s的瑞雷波群速度大致在2.9—3.1km/s之间,平均速度为3.0km/s,瑞雷波群速度分布呈北高南低的现象,这与福建地区北部多山、南部多平原盆地的地理环境有很好的吻合.而且,该群速度分布图在漳州盆地地区表现出一个非常明显的低速,这主要是因为受到盆地沉积层的影响.通过滑动窗(窗长为20d,步长1d)技术得到了观测区内周期约为3-5s的瑞雷波波速分布变化的连续图像;再利用扣除背景影响的技术,得到了2007年8月14日—2008年7月1日福建地区瑞雷波波速的相对变化时空动态图像.通过分析相对变化时空动态图像与该时间范围内发生的地震的对应关系,表明福建地区瑞雷波波速在多次网内中等强度的地震或震群(ML>3.0)中均表现出震前波速升高,震后下降恢复的变化趋势.初步分析认为,这可能与震前整个地区受到的应力增大震后应力得到释放所导致的介质变化有关.   相似文献   

14.
This study proposes a Green’s function,an essential representation of water-saturated ground under moving excitation,to simulate ground borne vibration from trains.First,general solutions to the governing equations of poroelastic medium are derived by means of integral transform.Secondly,the transmission and reflection matrix approach is used to formulate the relationship between displacement and stress of the stratified ground,which results in the matrix of the Green’s function.Then the Green’s function is combined into a train-track-ground model,and is verified by typical examples and a field test.Additional simulations show that the computed ground vibration attenuates faster in the immediate vicinity of the track than in the surrounding area.The wavelength of wheel-rail unevenness has a notable effect on computed displacement and pore pressure.The variation of vibration intensity with the depth of ground is significantly influenced by the layering of the strata soil.When the train speed is equal to the velocity of the Rayleigh wave,the Mach cone appears in the simulated wave field.The proposed Green’s function is an appropriate representation for a layered ground with shallow ground water table,and will be helpful to understand the dynamic responses of the ground to complicated moving excitation.  相似文献   

15.
The soil is assumed to be a horizontally layered viscoelastic medium over a rigid base. A semi-analytical method is used to calculate the Green functions for line loads in the frequency domain. The displacements in the soil are then obtained by spatial convolution and Fourier transforms from the frequency to the time domain. The influence of significant parameters is studied for a homogeneous layer. Maximum response is obtained when the air pressure wave velocity equals the Rayleigh wave velocity in the soil. The response spectra computed for an actual soil profile, which is subjected to an air pressure wave from a deflagration-type explosion, show predominant response at frequencies, which are significantly higher than those of earthquake motion.  相似文献   

16.
球体位错理论计算程序的总体设计与具体实现   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
付广裕  孙文科 《地震》2012,32(2):73-87
本文详细介绍了球体位错理论计算程序的总体设计思想、各类配套文件的具体内涵以及各类输出文件的物理含义,同时介绍了程序的使用方法和注意事项,为读者独立使用该程序提供参考。球体位错理论计算程序主要由三部分组成:①位错格林函数计算程序,基于具体的球对称地球模型提供离散的二维格林函数数值框架;②积分计算程序,对离散的格林函数数值框架进行双二次样条插值运算,并对四类独立位错源对应的格林函数进行适当组合,从而计算出任意位置任意类型震源在地表产生的同震变形(含位移、应变、重力变化和大地水准面变化);③辅助文件,用于提供发震断层模型和计算点位信息。一般情况下,读者不需要理解位错格林函数计算程序和积分计算程序,只需要对辅助文件提供的信息进行针对性改动,就可以计算目标地震在目标观测站引起的同震变形。  相似文献   

17.
煤巷小构造Rayleigh型槽波超前探测数值模拟   总被引:13,自引:3,他引:10       下载免费PDF全文
对煤巷小构造地震波场进行了数值模拟研究,分析了层状煤层中地震波的传播特征.研究表明:(1)在煤巷迎头前方煤层内以纵波震源激发的Rayleigh型槽波相对于体波能量较强,波列较长,波速较低.(2)沿煤层传播的Rayleigh型槽波在小构造面上产生Rayleigh型槽波反射波,反射Rayleigh型槽波垂直分量相对于水平分量能量较强.沿煤层反向传播的反射Rayleigh型槽波在煤巷迎头面上转换为沿煤巷底板传播的Rayleigh面波.沿煤巷底板可以接收到能量较强的反射Rayleigh型槽波产生的Rayleigh面波,其可以作为超前探测小构造面的特征波.在地震记录上反射Rayleigh型槽波产生的Rayleigh面波波至最迟,在时间域与其他波列时间间隔较大,其垂直分量能量相对于水平分量较强,在地震记录上容易识别.(3)在相同的地质条件下应用反射地震超前探测方法,标志煤巷迎头前方存在小构造面的反射地震波能量较弱,受煤巷顶、底板界面和采煤迎头面的强反射波干扰,在地震记录中难以识别.  相似文献   

18.
深层-超深层油气地震勘探涉及高温介质地震波传播问题,热弹介质参数对地震波传播有重要影响.含弛豫时间修正项的Lord-Shulman双曲型耦合热弹波动方程从理论上预测了热弹性介质中存在快纵波、慢纵波(一种准静态慢纵波,简称热波)和横波的传播,两个纵波为热耗散衰减波而横波不受介质热特性的影响.本文结合平面波频散分析和格林函数法数值模拟,详细研究两个热耗散衰减波的频散和衰减特征,着重分析热导率、热膨胀系数及比热的变化对波速和衰减的影响.研究表明热导率作为主要参数决定了波速与衰减的临界变化,热膨胀系数对波速和衰减的幅度有明显影响,比热则兼顾了前两个热弹系数的影响特征.最后,利用热弹性动力学频率域的二阶格林函数进行波场快照数值模拟,展示热弹性介质中纵波、横波和热波的传播行为.  相似文献   

19.
Due to the lateral heterogeneity of the upper layers of the Earth, paths of surface waves deviate from arcs of great circles. Because of the sphericity of the Earth, the paths intersect on a hemisphere opposite to the epicenter and form caustics consisting of two branches, with their tangent point being a cusp. For this reason, the field of surface waves cannot be analyzed in terms of the ray theory at distances larger than 90°. The asymptotic approach to the analysis of the field in the vicinity of such caustics is very ill-suited for numerical implementation. The difficulties of such an approach to the field calculation are aggravated by the fact that such caustics are superimposed in some regions. Therefore, it is suggested to use the theorem of representation, according to which the field within a certain contour is expressed as an integral whose integrand contains values of the function itself, its derivative along the normal to the contour, and Green’s function. The field on the contour (the circle bounding a hemisphere centered at the epicenter) is calculated by the ray method because rays do not intersect on this hemisphere. These data are used for the construction of the field on the opposite hemisphere assumed to be homogeneous, which enables the construction of Green’s function for this hemisphere. This limitation is not very stringent because the configuration of rays and caustics on this hemisphere is mainly determined by the field on the circle. The integral in the representation theorem is calculated numerically. Numerical examples are presented for models in which one caustic or two superimposed caustics form. These calculations yield constraints on variations in the amplitude and phase of the wave. Rayleigh wave fields are also calculated for a model of the real Earth. It is shown that, at some points, the Rayleigh wave spectrum can be strongly distorted because caustics corresponding to different periods differ in shape.  相似文献   

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