共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
G. A. Kotova 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2007,47(4):409-422
The main results of the experimental and theoretical studies of the Earth’s plasmasphere physics obtained until the present are reviewed. The review is aimed at attracting attention of scientists to studying this region of the Earth’s magnetosphere since many problems of the plasmasphere physics, first of all, the problems of plasmapause formation and plasmasphere filling and erosion, which are of importance in understanding the relation of the processes proceeding in the Sun and solar wind to the processes observed in the Earth’s ionosphere and atmosphere, remain unclear. 相似文献
2.
V. I. Shevchenko A. A. Lukk M. T. Prilepin R. E. Reilinger 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2014,50(1):38-56
At present, the concept of plate tectonics is predominant in the Earth sciences. However, there are also other, less popular ideas concerning the geodynamics of the Earth’s crust/lithosphere. The highly accurate modern geodetic measurements such as GPS, SLR, and VLBI provide a new framework for assessing different standpoints. The results of global-scale geodetic measurements are in close agreement with the global plate tectonic reconstructions. However, the same measurements of regional networks in the Mediterranean part of the Alpine-Indonesian Mobile Belt yield results that disagree with the plate’s tectonic reconstructions for this region. These measurements show that the belt’s width in many areas of Eurasian and African lithospheric plates’ convergence is not decreasing at present, as follows from the plate reconstructions, but increasing. At the same time, the segments of the belt under consideration are in a state of stress characterized by near-horizontal compression oriented across the strike of the belt. This contradiction can only be explained if it is assumed that the formation of the tectonic structure of the mobile belt is related to the active growth of the volume of the bedded rocks of the belt, i.e., of the plate’s convergence zone. This growth is apparently due to the additional mineral material gained by the ascending mantle fluid flows. This implies that local, autonomous dynamic processes are required in addition to the lithospheric plate’s interactions to account for the tectonic deformations observed in the mobile belt. 相似文献
3.
V. V. Adushkin A. A. Spivak S. B. Kishkina D. N. Loktev S. P. Solov’ev 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2006,42(7):567-584
Results of various instrumental observations of geodynamic processes in the Earth’s crust and geophysical fields at the crust-atmosphere boundary in the Oka area of the Nelidovo-Ryazan tectonic structure and adjacent fractures and in the zone of the Gornyi Altai earthquake of September 27, 2003, are presented. The correlations between the geophysical fields are determined from the results of processing and analysis of microseismic vibrations, the emanation field of natural radon, and variations in the electric field in ground and the magnetic field in the surface atmospheric layer. Tidal deformations of the crust were considered as external effects enhancing the interactions between the geospheres. It is noted that tectonic faults determining the block structure of the crust are recognizable as anomalous variations in the geophysical fields and their high cross-correlation. 相似文献
4.
《Journal of Geodynamics》2009,47(3-5):95-103
The influence of glacial-isostatic adjustment (GIA) on the motion of tectonic plates is usually neglected. Employing a recently developed numerical approach, we examine the effect of glacial loading on the motion of the Earth’s tectonic plates where we consider an elastic lithosphere of laterally variable strength and the plates losely connected by low viscous zones. The aim of this paper is to elucidate the physical processes which control the GIA-induced horizontal motion and to assess the impact of finite plate-boundary zones. We show that the present-day motion of tectonic plates induced by GIA is at, or above, the order of accuracy of the plate motions determined by very precise GPS observations. Therefore, its contribution should be considered when interpreting the mechanism controlling plate motion. 相似文献
5.
Earth System Mass Transport Mission (e.motion): A Concept for Future Earth Gravity Field Measurements from Space 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
I. Panet J. Flury R. Biancale T. Gruber J. Johannessen M. R. van den Broeke T. van Dam P. Gegout C. W. Hughes G. Ramillien I. Sasgen L. Seoane M. Thomas 《Surveys in Geophysics》2013,34(2):141-163
In the last decade, satellite gravimetry has been revealed as a pioneering technique for mapping mass redistributions within the Earth system. This fact has allowed us to have an improved understanding of the dynamic processes that take place within and between the Earth’s various constituents. Results from the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission have revolutionized Earth system research and have established the necessity for future satellite gravity missions. In 2010, a comprehensive team of European and Canadian scientists and industrial partners proposed the e.motion (Earth system mass transport mission) concept to the European Space Agency. The proposal is based on two tandem satellites in a pendulum orbit configuration at an altitude of about 370 km, carrying a laser interferometer inter-satellite ranging instrument and improved accelerometers. In this paper, we review and discuss a wide range of mass signals related to the global water cycle and to solid Earth deformations that were outlined in the e.motion proposal. The technological and mission challenges that need to be addressed in order to detect these signals are emphasized within the context of the scientific return. This analysis presents a broad perspective on the value and need for future satellite gravimetry missions. 相似文献
6.
A. V. Antsiferov A. I. Kompanets M. G. Tirkel 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2006,42(1):79-86
The seismoacoustic method of transmitted waves (seismic sounding) is applied to study the tectonic structure of a rock mass between a tunnel and the Earth’s surface and to determine seismic characteristics of covering rocks suitable for tunnel site engineering. 相似文献
7.
Many Earth system processes generate magnetic fields, either primary magnetic fields or in response to other magnetic fields. The largest of these magnetic fields is due to the dynamo in the Earth’s core, and can be approximated by a geocentric axial dipole that has decayed by nearly 10% during the last 150 years. This is an order of magnitude faster than its natural decay time, a reflection of the growth of patches of reverse flux at the core–mantle boundary. The velocity of the North magnetic pole reached some 40 km/yr in 2001. This velocity is the highest recorded so far in the last two centuries. The second largest magnetic field in the solid Earth is caused by induced and remanent magnetization within the crust. Controlled in part by the thermo-mechanical properties of the crust, these fields contain signatures of tectonic processes currently active, and those active in the distant past. Recent work has included an estimate of the surface heat flux under the Antarctic ice cap. In order to understand the recent changes in the Earth’s magnetic field, new high-quality measurements are needed to continue those being made by Ørsted (launched in 1999), CHAMP and the Ørsted-2 experiment onboard SAC-C (both launched in 2000). The present paper is motivated by the advent of space surveys of the geomagnetic field, and illustrates how our way of observing, modeling, and interpreting the Earth’s magnetic field has changed in recent years due to the new magnetic satellite measurements. 相似文献
8.
Lan Hengxing Peng Jianbing Zhu Yanbo Li Langping Pan Baotian Huang Qiangbing Li Junhua Zhang Qiang 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2022,65(2):234-256
Science China Earth Sciences - The Yellow River Basin (YRB) is characterized by active geological and tectonic processes, rapid geomorphological evolution, and distinct climatic diversity.... 相似文献
9.
Understanding the processes that occur in the transition from the Pacific Ocean to Eurasia is key to constructing the tectonic models of the Earth’s shells and the convection models of the upper mantle. The electromagnetic methods permit estimating the temperature and fluid content (and/or carbon (graphite) content) in the Earth’s interior. These estimates are independent of the traditionally used estimates based on seismic methods because the dependence of electrical conductivity on the physical properties of the rock is based on different principles than the behavior of the elastic waves. The region is characterized by a complicated geological structure with intense three-dimensional (3D) surface heterogeneities, which significantly aggravate the retrieval of the information about the deep horizons in the structure of the Earth’s mantle from the observed electromagnetic (EM) fields. The detailed analysis of the nature of the deep electrical conductivity and structural features of the transition from the Pacific to Eurasia included numerical modeling of the typical two- and three-dimensional models has been carried out. Based on this analysis, the approaches that increase the reliability of the interpretation of the results of the EM studies are suggested. 相似文献
10.
沿乌鲁木齐－库尔勒３５０余公里长的测线上完成了穿越天山的地震转换波野外观测，得出天山造山带的深部构造剖面图和壳内Ｐ，Ｓ波速度结构模型．天山的结晶地壳可分为４层，各层的速度分别是：Ｖｐ值为５．９，６．３，６．６，６．９ｋｍ／ｓ；Ｖｓ值为３．２，３．５，３．７，３．９ｋｍ／ｓ。上地幔顶部的波速：Ｖｐ值为８．１０ｋｍ／ｓ。Ｖｓ值为４．６ｋｍ／ｓ。天山地区的地壳厚度为４２－５６ｋｍ，中天山最厚，达到５０－５６ｋｍ。地壳中部存在低速透镜体。探测结果表明，天山大地构造可分为北天山、中天山和南天山３个区，其地壳深部构造特征各不相同。用颤动构造理论来解释天山造山带的形成机制和演化较板块构造理论更为合理。 相似文献
11.
沿乌鲁木齐－库尔勒３５０余公里长的测线上完成了穿越天山的地震转换波野外观测，得出天山造山带的深部构造剖面图和壳内Ｐ，Ｓ波速度结构模型．天山的结晶地壳可分为４层，各层的速度分别是：Ｖｐ值为５．９，６．３，６．６，６．９ｋｍ／ｓ；Ｖｓ值为３．２，３．５，３．７，３．９ｋｍ／ｓ。上地幔顶部的波速：Ｖｐ值为８．１０ｋｍ／ｓ。Ｖｓ值为４．６ｋｍ／ｓ。天山地区的地壳厚度为４２－５６ｋｍ，中天山最厚，达到５０－５６ｋｍ。地壳中部存在低速透镜体。探测结果表明，天山大地构造可分为北天山、中天山和南天山３个区，其地壳深部构造特征各不相同。用颤动构造理论来解释天山造山带的形成机制和演化较板块构造理论更为合理。 相似文献
12.
N. P. Betelev 《Journal of Volcanology and Seismology》2009,3(5):355-362
This paper is a review of the results of different authors relating to the growth of the Earth’s mass and energy during geological
history, as the planet was absorbing the energy and matter of the space vacuum (the ether). The result must be simple chemical
elements and compounds. In fact, the “gas breathing” coming from the Earth’s interior transports great amounts of hydrogen,
helium, nitrogen, methane, carbon monoxide and dioxide, water, and other simple compounds to the Earth’s surface. Apart from
expanding the size of the planet, the absorption of energy and matter from the vacuum also intensifies volcanic, tectonic,
and other geological processes as time goes on. For this reason the evolution of the Earth can be considered as antientropic.
The consequences of the concept of an expanding Earth should be taken into account in studies in tectonics, petrology, lithology,
petroleum geology, ecology, volcanology, and seismology. 相似文献
13.
V. V. Adushkin A. A. Spivak V. A. Kharlamov 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2012,48(2):104-116
Extraterrestrial forcing of natural environmental processes by gravitational interaction between the Sun, the Moon, and the
Earth is considered. Based on the instrumental data, the main periodical components and cycles are identified in the time
variations of some geophysical fields at the boundary between the Earth’s crust and the atmosphere. Correlation analysis shows
that the lunar-solar tides are the key factor responsible for diurnal and quasi-biweekly variations in the ground electric
field, radon emanation, water level in wells, and microseismic vibrations. The tidal influence on the various-scale movements
of the blocks of the Earth’s crust is analyzed. In the context of the vertical, lateral, and rotational motion of crustal
blocks, which is very important for the platforms, a new, precession-like type of displacements is revealed. These movements
develop as a result of the nonsynchronous tidal responses of the block and the adjacent interblock gaps or tectonic structures
whose strength and strain properties are different in different directions. 相似文献
14.
地震层析成像中的不确定性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地震层析成像已经是一种常用的探测地球内部三维波速结构的地球物理方法。这些深部地球结构信息是人们深入认识地球的重要依据,同时由于地表地质过程往往取决于深部动力过程,因此深部结构已经开始受到了地质学家们的广泛重视。但地震层析成像方法众多,所得到的参数和精度可能有所不同,这给非地震学专业的研究人员在使用层析成像结果的过程中造成了极大的不便。为了更好地实现地球物理,地球化学和地质等多学科交叉应用,本文系统分析了地震层析成像结果中可能存在的不确定性,同时提出了相应的建议以帮助地质学家们能够正确对待层析成像结果中的不确定性并合理利用地震层析成像结果。 相似文献
15.
The geotectonic position of the Pyrenees mountain massif in the Alpine–Indonesian mobile belt is considered. The geological data testify to the formation of the structure of the Pyrenees in the setting of a subhorizontal compression perpendicular to the ridge. The commonly accepted interpretation considers this compression in the context of plate tectonic notions related to the collision between the Iberian and Eurasian lithospheric plates resulting from the convergence of the Eurasian and African plates. However, this interpretation is challenged by the the geodetic and seismological measurements. The GPS measurements suggest a certain cross-strike spreading rather than shortening of the Earth’s crust; the focal mechanisms of the earthquakes indicate the predominance of a subhorizontal extension perpendicular to the strike of the Pyrenees mountain range. The processes of the gravitational collapse of the mountain chain during the isostatic upwelling of the orogenic crust are considered as the most probable cause of this spreading by a number of the authors. 相似文献
16.
统计分析了1962—2017年全球强震活动与地球自转角加速度变化过程的关系, 结果显示, 全球8级以上地震发生在地球自转角加速度下降期的概率相对自然概率高出12%, 达到64%, 统计结果具有显著性, 但7.5级和7.8级以上地震的统计结果没有显著性。 分区统计结果表明, 全球强震活动具有明显的区域性特征: 在地球自转角加速度上升期, 高于自然概率的强震主要分布在阿尔卑斯带中西段、 环太平洋地震带的琉球—菲律宾地区以及中国东部; 在地球自转角加速度下降期, 高于自然概率的强震主要分布在环太平洋地震带、 阿尔卑斯带中段(喜马拉雅弧)、 阿尔卑斯带东段(印尼岛弧海沟)以及中亚大陆地区。 分析认为地球自转角加速度变化过程与全球区域地震活动之间存在较强的相关性, 可能与地球自转角加速度变化引起板块间相互作用的强弱有关。 相似文献
17.
A high resolution lithospheric magnetic field model over China 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
OU JiaMing DU AiMin E.THBAULT XU WenYao TIAN XiaoBo ZHANG TieLong 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2013,56(10):1759-1768
CHAMP satellite data and ground-based magnetic observations are used and combined to map the lithospheric magnetic field over China by means of the revised spherical cap harmonic analysis(R-SHCA)modeling technique.The magnetic field is described to a spatial resolution of 150 km at the mean Earth’s radius,which represents a good compromise between the resolutions afforded by surface and satellite data.We compare the magnetic anomalies modeled at the regional scale with composite regions containing large-scale of tectonic structures.These regions,including the Tarim Basin and the Tibetan Plateau,are correlated with regional magnetic anomalies at satellite altitude but contain a significant number of small-scale and complex magnetic structures at the mean Earth’s radius.These magnetic anomalies are globally consistent with the known geological features in China but also offer a way to delineate the contours of the geological blocks and to discuss the connection between magnetic anomalies and the heat flow distribution in this region. 相似文献
18.
EGM2008地球重力模型数据在中国大陆地区的精度分析 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
本文介绍了5′×5 ′的EGM2008地球重力模型及其在全球的精度评价.按照地形变化规律,将中国大陆大致分为7个区域,在10 km网度上,将EGM2008地球重力模型数据与中国地面实测空间重力网格数据进行了对比.由于数据源的问题,中国大陆的模型数据精度普遍低于北美和欧洲.二种数据在地形平坦的东部地区差别较小,向西随着地形复杂程度的增加,二种数据之间的标准差从小于10 mGal增大到50多mGal.畸变点分析表明精度极低的网格点均分布在地形起伏大的地区.总体而言,5′×5′的EGM2008地球重力模型数据在中国大陆将近80％的面积上的精度可达10 mGal之内,可用于小比例尺重力编图和构造研究.在地形起伏较大的中国西部以青藏高原为例进一步比较了EGM2008重力模型和重力测点数据,结果表明在重力点分布稀疏不均匀的地区,平面网格数据难以准确表达重力场信息.由于缺少地面重力数据控制,EGM2008重力模型数据在中国西部精度较低,但模型数据依然在很大程度上提高了空间重力异常信息的丰富程度.将中国区域重力调查成果数据应用于地球模型的构建是一项有意义的工作. 相似文献
19.
The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake occurred in an active earthquake zone, i.e., Longmenshan tectonic zone. Seismic waves triggered
by this earthquake can be used to explore the characteristics of the fault rupture process and the hierarchical structure
of the Earth’s interior. We employ spectral element method incorporated with large-scale parallel computing technology, to
investigate the characteristics of seismic wave propagation excited by Wenchuan earthquake. We calculate synthetic seismograms
with one-point source model and three-point source model respectively. The AK135 model is employed as a prototype of our numerical
global Earth model. The Earth’s ellipticity, Earth’s medium attenuation, and topography data are taken into consideration.
These wave propagation processes are simulated by solving three-dimensional elastic wave governing equations. Three-dimensional
visualization of our numerical results displays the profile of the seismic wave propagation. The three-point source, which
is proposed from the latest investigations through field observation and reverse estimation, can better demonstrate the spatial
and temporal characteristics of the source rupture process than the one-point source. We take comparison of synthetic seismograms
with observational data recorded at 16 observatory stations. Primary results show that the synthetic seismograms calculated
from three-point source agree well with the observations. This can further reveal that the source rupture process of Wenchuan
earthquake is a multi-rupture process, which is composed by at least three or more stages of rupture processes.
Supported by National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2004CB418406), National Natural Science Foundation of China
(Grant Nos. 40774049 and 40474038), and Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. INF105-SCE-02-12) 相似文献
20.
Andrea Donnellan John Rundle Geoffrey Fox Dennis McLeod Lisa Grant Terry Tullis Marlon Pierce Jay Parker Greg Lyzenga Robert Granat Margaret Glasscoe 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2006,163(11-12):2263-2279
We are developing simulation and analysis tools in order to develop a solid Earth Science framework for understanding and studying active tectonic and earthquake processes. The goal of QuakeSim and its extension, the Solid Earth Research Virtual Observatory (SERVO), is to study the physics of earthquakes using state-of-the-art modeling, data manipulation, and pattern recognition technologies. We are developing clearly defined accessible data formats and code protocols as inputs to simulations, which are adapted to high-performance computers. The solid Earth system is extremely complex and nonlinear, resulting in computationally intensive problems with millions of unknowns. With these tools it will be possible to construct the more complex models and simulations necessary to develop hazard assessment systems critical for reducing future losses from major earthquakes. We are using Web (Grid) service technology to demonstrate the assimilation of multiple distributed data sources (a typical data grid problem) into a major parallel high-performance computing earthquake forecasting code. Such a linkage of Geoinformatics with Geocomplexity demonstrates the value of the Solid Earth Research Virtual Observatory (SERVO) Grid concept, and advances Grid technology by building the first real-time large-scale data assimilation grid. 相似文献