共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
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在坑道电阻率超前探测工作中，视电阻率异常极值位置与异常体位置、厚度、电性以及产状相关.设计有效的反演方法对异常体的各种参数综合反演是非常必要的.首先利用有限元数值模拟技术分析并消除坑道空腔对视电阻率的影响，并将坑道超前探测视电阻率曲线转化为全空间视电阻率曲线.然后采用最小二乘法对超前探测视电阻率曲线进行快速反演.反演结果可准确反映围岩电阻率、异常体的电性、位置和产状；而由于同层等值现象，反演结果只能确定异常体的厚度和电阻率的组合值. 相似文献
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城市密集柏油公路网和坚硬水泥地面给地下遗址考古勘探造成了很大困难,传统的高密度电阻率法需要插置电极,无法在城市环境中使用。电容耦合式电阻率法采用非侵入式的方式,通过特制电极与大地形成电容器产生电流进行电法勘探,特别适合城市硬地表介质的条件。为了检验电容耦合式电阻率法在城市遗址考古勘探中的应用效果,在地处杭州市主城区的吴越捍海塘遗址进行了电容耦合式电阻率法探测试验,采集多个收发距的电法数据,对数据进行反演处理,将反演结果与考古发掘结果进行对比分析。结果表明,反演的电阻率图像推断结果与考古发掘结果基本吻合,电容耦合式电阻率法是城市遗址考古勘探的有效方法,具有广泛的应用前景。 相似文献
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电阻率层析成像是一种广泛应用在水文、考古和地质等浅地表勘探领域的地球物理方法。为了增强电阻率层析成像的分辨率、应对复杂的地质问题,本文提出基于雅可比矩阵的不同电极阵列直流电阻率数据的加权联合反演算法,并以温纳和偶极-偶极电极阵列数据为例,在理论模型和古墓探测的野外实例中测试该算法的有效性。结果表明,加权联合反演结果的横向和纵向分辨率都优于单一电极阵列的反演结果,并在实例中缓解“U形”电极阵列的固有缺陷、减少反演模糊性、更好地约束墓室宽度的反演结果。 相似文献
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遥感与地球物理考古探测数据类型多样，然而各种探测数据因缺少综合管理和分析平台，使综合分析更加困难，从而限制了考古探测技术应用效果。在了解遥感与地球物理考古探测技术的基础上，本文对当前遥感地球物理考古探测数据管理系统进行逻辑和业务需求分析，构建基于ArcGIS Engine开发引擎和Visual Studio 2017平台的遥感与地球物理考古探测数据综合管理系统。系统通过分层次设计功能模块，实现考古探测数据的编辑、解释、分析以及数据之间的交互和管理。实际应用表明，对于遥感地球物理考古探测技术与地理信息技术相结合的思路和研究，能够提升遥感与地球物理考古探测数据的综合分析能力，促进考古探测技术的有效应用。 相似文献
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《地球物理学报》2021,64(6)
本文给出超深随钻方位电磁波测井的仪器天线设计及探测模式信号定义;分析各探测模式的探测性能及对地层电阻率、倾角及各向异性的表征能力;定义方位角、井斜角及地层电阻率的敏感性函数,定性分析不同模式对地层参数的敏感性.研究结果表明,超深随钻方位电磁波测井各探测模式具有不同探测特性,探测模式I利用对称设计识别地层边界,消除井斜角及电阻率各向异性的影响,在不同电阻率条件下优选频率及源距,达到最大探测范围;探测模式II采用非对称设计,增强对倾角和电阻率各向异性的敏感性,在井斜角为60°时对电阻率变化尤为敏感;探测模式III在任意井斜角下均不具有方位敏感性,能够有效表征地层电阻率,在水平井条件下受地层各向异性影响最小;探测模式IV在高角度及水平井条件下,能够有效识别电阻率各向异性信息. 相似文献
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随着我国煤层开采不断趋向深部,坑道掘进过程中常遭遇陷落柱等含水地质构造,实际中常采用直流电阻率法进行超前探查.为研究该方法对陷落柱探测的可靠性,以圆柱体模型代替陷落柱目标体,推导了全空间点源超前探测视电阻率计算公式,提出了探半比概念以讨论超前探测极限问题.通过对不同地质参数模型的视电阻率进行计算与分析,结果表明:三极装置对应的视电阻率异常极值位置是目标体的距离2～3倍,且具有较高的视电阻率异常幅度,但受到目标体方位、电性及半径等参数的综合影响,仅利用视电阻率异常极值位置难以实现目标体的准确定位.理论分析与工程实践进一步指出,该方法存在探半比偏小及异常信息提取难度大等不足,需深入开展针对性的研究工作. 相似文献
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工程电法勘探中，常需要探测埋深不大、规模较小、分布复杂的目标体，对探测方法的精度要求较高.由于三维高密度电阻率法数据采集密度大，可对目标体进行多方位观测，是目前工程探测中常用的方法之一.本文对三维高密度电阻率E SCAN法的视电阻率异常特征进行研究.设计几种典型地质体模型，利用有限单元法进行正演计算，并分析其异常特征和分布规律.算例结果表明，E SCAN法对低阻体的分辨能力强于高阻体.无需对所有电极进行扫描供电观测，即可分辨地质体电性特征及水平位置，但观测结果难以分辨地质体纵向延伸. 相似文献
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探测孤石高阻体的跨孔电阻率CT水槽物理模拟实验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用重庆奔腾数控技术研究所的WDJD-3型多功能数字直流激电仪,在电法实验室水槽内布设了探测孤石高阻体的跨孔电阻率CT法观测系统,进行了物理模型实验。物理模拟实验采用多种观测装置(二极、三极和四极装置),对采集到的数据进行反演成像,得到如下结论:①二极装置电阻率CT反演成像结果不能反映出高阻体的位置与大小;②三极装置CT反演成像结果能较好反映孤石高阻体的位置与大小;③四极装置电阻率CT反演成像也能反映出孤石高阻体的位置与规模,效果与三极装置基本相同。物理模拟实验结果表明:三极或四极装置的跨孔电阻率CT法可用于探测高阻体,它具有采集方式灵活、数据稳定可靠、成像结果直观清晰的优点。基于物理模拟实验的结果,采用电阻率CT法对地铁盾构隧道洞身范围内的孤石高阻体探测具有一定的指导意义。对孤石体的三维电阻率CT法物理模拟实验正在进一步研究中。 相似文献
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Recognition of natural deformation during the excavation of ancient remains and tombs is important for tracing or enriching historic and prehistoric deformation records. Recently, the earthquake agencies,in cooperation with the cultural relics and archaeological institutions, conducted a special excavation investigation to the Gaixia remains archaeological scene in Guzhen,Anhui Province. Faults and fissures were discovered there, which,as demonstrated by the preliminary study,are the traces of two stratum d... 相似文献
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Nikos G. Papadopoulos Myeong-Jong Yi Jung-Ho Kim Panagiotis Tsourlos Gregory N. Tsokas 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2010,70(3):192-205
Tumuli are artificially erected small hills that cover monumental tombs or graves. In this work, the surface three-dimensional (3D) Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) method, composed of dense parallel two-dimensional (2D) tomographies, was used to investigate the properties of the tumuli filling material and to resolve buried archaeological structures inside the tumuli.The effectiveness of the method was investigated by numerical modeling and through 3D inversion of synthetic apparent resistivity data. A resistivity model that simulates the inhomogeneous tumulus material and the tombs that are buried inside the tumulus was assumed. The Dipole–Dipole (DD), Pole–Dipole (PD), Pole–Pole (PP), Gradient (GRAD), Midpoint-Potential-Referred (MPR) and Schlumberger Reciprocal (SCR) arrays, which are suitable for multichannel resistivity instruments, were tested. The tumulus topography (pyramid or capsized cup) was incorporated into the inversion procedure through a distorted finite element mesh. The inversion procedure was based on a smoothness constrained Gauss–Newton algorithm in which the Active Constraint Balancing (ACB) method was also applied in order to enhance the least-squares resolving power and stability.Synthetic modeling showed that the different tumulus layers and the horizontal contact of the artificial tumulus material with the natural background soil were reconstructed by all of the tested electrode arrays. Generally, PD and the GRAD arrays comprise the optimum choices to investigate the subsurface properties of a tumulus and locate buried tombs. The MPR model was inferior to the GRAD model, while the DD, PP and SCR models had the poorest resolution. It was also shown that the inversion models are practically independent from the survey direction and the topography shape of the tumulus.The real field data collected employing the PD array along a small tumulus from the archaeological site of Vergina in northern Greece enhanced the synthetic modeling results. The inversion model outlined a number of archaeological structures that exhibit a high possibility to correlate with graves. Overall, this work signifies that the surface 3D ERT method can provide a valuable tool in the non-destructive archaeological exploration of tumuli. 相似文献
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《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2008,66(3-4):111-120
Muro Leccese (Lecce) contains one the most important Messapian archaeological sites in southern Italy.The archaeological interest of the site arises from the discovery of the remains of Messapian walls, tombs, roads, etc. (4th–2nd centuries BC) in the neighbourhood. The archaeological remains were found at about 0.3 m depth.At present the site belongs to the municipality, which intends to build a new sewer network through it. The risk of destroying potentially interesting ancient archaeological structures during the works prompted an archaeological survey of the area. The relatively large dimensions of the area (almost 10,000 m2), together with time and cost constraints, made it necessary to use geophysical investigations as a faster means to ascertain the presence of archaeological items. Since the most important targets were expected to be located at a soil depth of about 0.3 m, a ground-penetrating radar (GPR) survey was carried out in an area located near the archaeological excavations. Unfortunately the geological complexity did not allow an easy interpretation of the GPR data.Therefore a 3D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) scan was conducted in order to resolve these interpretation problems.A three-way comparison of the results of the dense ERT measurements parallel to the x axis, the results of the measurements parallel to the y axis and the combined results was performed.Subsequently the synthetic model approach was used to provide a better characterization of the resistivity anomalies visible on the ERT field data.The 3D inversion results clearly illustrate the capability to resolve in view of quality 3D structures of archaeological interest. According to the presented data the inversion models along one direction (x or y) seems to be adequate in reconstructing the subsurface structures.Naturally field data produce good quality reconstructions of the archaeological features only if the x-line and y-line measurements are considered together. Despite the increased computational time required by the 3D acquisition and 3D inversion schemes, good quality results can be produced. 相似文献
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The Peinan archaeological site is the most intact Neolithic village with slate coffin burial complexes in Taiwan. However, the area that potentially contains significant ancient remains is covered by dense vegetation. No reliable data show the distribution of the ancient village, and no geophysical investigation has been performed at this site. To evaluate various geophysical methods under the geological setting and surface condition of the site, the physical properties of the remains were measured and four geophysical methods involving magnetic, electromagnetic (EM), electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) were tested along three parallel profiles. The results imply that the EM and magnetic methods are much cost-effective and suitable for investigating the entire area. GPR and ERT methods can provide high resolution subsurface image, which are much suitable for subsequently detail investigation.The EM and magnetic surveys were thus conducted over the entire Peinan Cultural Park to understand the distribution of the ancient building remains at the Peinan site. The results of this study were verified by subsequent excavations, which indicate that the EM survey was successful in delineating the majority of the ancient village because the basements of building are highly resistive in comparison to the background sediment. The results of this investigation suggest that the ancient village was broadly distributed over the eastern part of the Peinan Culture Park and extended to the southeast. 相似文献
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C. Bottari R. Martorana S. Scudero P. Capizzi D. Cavallaro A. Pisciotta A. D’Alessandro M. Coltelli L. Lodato 《Surveys in Geophysics》2018,39(6):1263-1284
Archaeoseismology can provide a useful chronological tool for constraining earthquakes and documenting significant evidence that would otherwise be lost. In this paper, we report a case of surface faulting on ancient man-made structures belonging to the archaeological site of Santa Venera al Pozzo situated along the eastern flank of Mt. Etna volcano in eastern Sicily (southern Italy), which is affected by well-developed tectonic faults. Geological surveys highlight a set of fractures affecting the archaeological ruins, suggesting the occurrence of a capable fault zone across the area. An integrated geophysical survey was carried out in order to identify the main subsurface tectonic discontinuity ascribable to the fault zone. The information derived from different geophysical techniques, such as electrical resistivity tomography, seismic refraction tomography, ground-penetrating radar, and magnetic surveys allowed us to infer that the fractures observed at the surface could have been produced by coseismic rupture. They are conceivably linked to a strong earthquake that probably occurred in the Roman period, around mid-end of the third-century AD; time constraints are inferred through the dating of buildings of the archaeological site. 相似文献
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The cross-correlation technique for increasing the anomaly-to-noise ratio is applied to the interpretation of resistivity profiles. To verify the method theoretically, resistivity profiles above a body having the shape of a parallelepiped were simulated with correlated and uncorrelated noise. Seven different electrode geometries are discussed. As a practical test, we considered profiles of a geoelectrical survey to locate tombs at a site of archaeological interest. When the shape and dimensions of the anomaly can be foreseen, the cross-correlation method can be applied and it gives a substantial improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio. 相似文献
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晋阳古城遗址历史悠久、面积开阔、文化层叠压错综复杂,地下蕴含丰富,埋藏形式特殊,是一处重要的古文化埋藏区,其考古调查是一项巨大的、长期的系统工程,需要采用传统的考古调查手段与其他先进的科学技术相结合的方法,才能尽快掌握古城遗址分布特点,使古城遗址面貌逐渐清晰起来.由于晋阳古城目标层和目标体尺度范围较宽,从十几厘米到十几米,分辨率也有不同的要求,本文借助先进的地球物理方法,采用高密度电阻率法与探地雷达结合的手段对晋阳古城多处古文化层、古遗迹靶区进行地球物理试验性探测,取得了非常丰富的地球物理特征认识,为传统方法考古提供了大量的有效信息,同时也为今后在晋阳古城遗址应用地球物理探测技术考古研究打下了坚实的基础. 相似文献
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浅谈新时期下的地震考古及在江淮地区的应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
随着中国经济建设的发展,大规模工程开挖,以及一些遗址、古墓等的抢救性挖掘,为地震考古提供了一个极好的工作平台.本文简要回顾了国内外地震考古的研究历史、现状、所取得的研究成果;对江淮地区的历史地震资料进行了分析整理,认为历史记录有较多的遗漏,应该充分利用地震考古学手段进行古地震事件的识别;总结了一些古地震事件识别的标志,为延长地震预测预报地震事件的时序资料提供参考,同时对考古手段在目前古地震、历史地震中的应用研究进行了分析和展望. 相似文献