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1.
随钻方位伽马测井仪器能在钻井过程中有效测量地层的方位放射性强度,其测量效率与其结构参数有关.合理设计测井仪器的结构参数,可以大大提高其测量效率.利用蒙特卡罗数值模拟方法建立模型,从归一化统计误差和探测特性分析仪器的响应特征,为结构参数的选取提供理论依据.研究结果表明,6.75 in(1 in=2.54 cm)的钻铤外径下,当晶体直径为1 in左右,晶体长度为18~22 cm,屏蔽体长度为2~3 cm,屏蔽体厚度为2~3 cm,窗口材料为铍,屏蔽体开口角度选在0°附近,泥浆通道半径为2 cm左右时,仪器可以获得相对较低的统计误差和相对较好的探测特性.该研究表明,优化后的随钻方位伽马测井仪器的测量效率大大提高. 相似文献
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脉冲中子双伽马谱饱和度测井方法是利用特定的脉冲和测量时序设计,采用远、近伽马探测器记录非弹性散射和俘获伽马能谱以及伽马射线时间谱,通过获取C/O和地层宏观俘获截面等信息来确定地层含油饱和度.采用大直径仪器和BGO晶体探测器时,其采集的非弹性散射和俘获伽马能谱计数统计性优于国外仪器,重复脉冲发射中子后伽马射线时间谱仍满足指数衰减规律,且能使伽马射线时间谱的道计数累积,计数统计性好于常规中子寿命测井,得到的地层宏观俘获截面与单脉冲发射近似相同.在地层孔隙度未知的情况下,利用C/O和地层宏观俘获截面交会技术可以定量确定含油饱和度. 相似文献
3.
《地球物理学进展》2015,(6)
密度是储层评价的重要参数.传统的密度测井是测量137Cs同位素放出的伽马射线与地层作用后的剩余伽马射线强度.虽然在密度测量方面已经非常成熟,但是由于同位素源具有放射性危害,使得脉冲中子源密度测井技术应运而生.脉冲中子密度测井使用电控脉冲中子源,中子源发射14MeV的快中子,通过非弹散射和俘获放出伽马射线,伽马射线在伽马源和探测器之间的地层中衰减,据此计算地层密度.脉冲中子密度测井可以计算密度、识别地层骨架,且探测深度大,没有放射性危害,因此越来越受到青睐,商用测井仪器已投入使用.另一方面,因为脉冲中子源密度测井与传统密度测井本质上有所区别,次生伽马源能量不单一、位置不固定,使得该方法的研究也面临着一些新的挑战,需要进一步深入的研究与测试.本文对脉冲中子源密度测井的方法原理、γ场特性、仪器的研究与应用以及未来发展方向进行介绍,以期对我国未来此类仪器的研发与解释方法研究提供一定的借鉴. 相似文献
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为弥补传统双源距密度测井仪器纵向分辨率低、受井眼影响大的缺陷以及碘化钠(NaI(Tl))探测器的不足,提高密度测井识别油气层的能力,我们采用MCNP5蒙特卡罗模拟程序模拟研究了密度测井在负源距下增加溴化镧(LaBr_3(Ce))探测器.首先对比研究了LaBr_3(Ce)探测器与NaI(Tl)探测器的探测效率、能谱和响应特征;然后模拟计算LaBr_3(Ce)探测器源距与光子通量的关系、负源距光子通量能谱、负源距探测深度与源距的关系、气层负源距光子通量与密度的关系.结果表明:LaBr_3(Ce)探测器在密度测井中比NaI(Tl)探测器探测效率高、能峰高、峰总比大;负源距探测器与传统长、短源距探测器的响应规律近似相反;负源距探测器源距小,纵向分辨率高;探测深度浅,主要反映泥饼的性质,从而为泥饼校正提供丰富数据.因此,在双源距密度测井负源距区增加LaBr_3(Ce)探测器可以提高地层密度的灵敏度、测量精度、纵向分辨率和改善泥饼及薄层校正效果,为有效勘探开发油气藏提供测井技术支持. 相似文献
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在定向井及水平井钻井过程中,常采用地质导向技术;地质导向的关键在于实时确定地层界面和产状、实现地层模型的实时更新和井眼轨迹的及时调整,从而最大限度地提高油层的钻遇率.利用基于地层模型的测井响应正演曲线与随钻测井曲线进行对比是确定地层界面的有效方法;本文基于伽马射线在地层中的衰减规律,导出了不同地层模型中随钻伽马测井响应快速正演算法,克服了目前难以将蒙特卡罗算法用于实时随钻伽马测井正演的困难.应用实例表明该方法可以有效地辅助实时判定实际地层界面,更好地实现地质导向. 相似文献
6.
自然电位、自然伽马测井曲线形态和特征与沉积相带及其储集砂体关系密切,它们对不同岩性地层特征响应十分敏感.利用自然伽马、自然电位同步减小的较大幅度评价识别渗砂层,指示划分水下分流河道主体沉积微相带;利用自然伽马、自然电位减小的幅度差评价识别低渗砂、致密砂层,指示划分水下分流河道堤泛(侧翼)沉积微相带;并以自然电位比自然伽马减小幅度的相对细小差异识别油水层.在安塞油田沿河湾地区长6自然伽马、自然电位曲线划分沉积相带及储层的应用中,建立了自然伽马、自然电位划分储层的下限标准,有效地评价了特低渗透储层沉积微相带及储层类型,提高和扩大了测井曲线的应用及效果. 相似文献
7.
基于伽马能谱的元素测井发展历程及技术展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着对油气勘探开发的不断深入,勘探对象复杂,给测井解释评价带来极大的挑战.基于伽马能谱的元素测井是通过测量地层元素自发产生或中子源激发的次生伽马能谱,利用谱解析方法获得地层元素含量,为复杂储层测井评价提供一种有效手段.本文全面归纳总结了伽马元素能谱测井的发展历程,认为其可分为四个大的阶段:自然伽马能谱测井、地球化学测井、元素俘获能谱测井和基于脉冲中子源的元素能谱测井;并对其测井技术进行展望,认为基于伽马能谱的元素测井应遵循"三多"发展趋势,即:多功能仪器设计、多参数成果解释和多方位近钻头测量. 相似文献
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为了改善传统岩性密度测井仪的缺陷,本文基于传统的双 源距探测器密度测井仪,提出在负源距范围内增加一个反散射探测器,构成新的三探测器密 度测井仪器. 利用Monte Carlo方法通用程序MCNP(3B),从光子与地层相互作用的机理出发 ,计算得到了反散射探测器、长源距探测器和短源距探测器的光子通量的能谱分布、光子通 量与源距的关系、光子通量与地层密度的关系、源距与探测深度的关系以及计数能窗等. 从 结果看,三探测器密度测井仪的长、短源距探测器对地层的响应关系与双源距密度测井仪的 长、短源距探测器一致,而反散射探测器对地层具有明确的响应关系,其响应关系与长、短 源距探测器近似相反,且其计数率很高. 因此,在负源距范围内增加第三个探测器是可行的 ,这将有利于提高密度测井的测量精度和垂向分辨率. 同时表明了Monte Carlo方法在核测 井仪器早期研制中的有效性,对仪器设计具有指导作用. 相似文献
12.
James T. Mickam Benjamin S. Levy George W. Lee Jr. 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》1984,4(4):167-171
Ground water flow in karst terranes generally occurs in the solution channels of carbonate aquifers. A hydrogeologist may utilize borehole geophysical methods to identify these solution channels in aquifers. Two specific methods that are applicable in karst terrains are:
1. Natural gamma ray logging
2. Borehole caliper logging.
Gamma ray logging can detect the presence of inter-bedded strata in the main limestone unit, such as shale, which emit high levels of gamma radiation. Gamma ray logging can also detect clay deposits in solution channels that may act to restrict the flow of ground water. The areal extent of these rock strata or clay-filled solution channels can be determined when gamma ray logs are conducted at several borehole locations across the site of investigation.
Borehole caliper logging can be employed to determine the presences of solution channels within the aquifer when penetrated by a borehole. In addition, since shale layers and clay filling are less resistant than the surrounding limestone, the caliper log may detect both the presence and the thickness of shale or clay layers in the aquifer.
Gamma ray logs can be used in conjunction with caliper logs to provide data on the stratigraphic location and thickness of solution channels and clay and shale layers within a limestone aquifer. This information is valuable to the hydrogeologist performing investigations at sites located in limestone terranes because ground water flow preferentially occurs along solution channels. 相似文献
1. Natural gamma ray logging
2. Borehole caliper logging.
Gamma ray logging can detect the presence of inter-bedded strata in the main limestone unit, such as shale, which emit high levels of gamma radiation. Gamma ray logging can also detect clay deposits in solution channels that may act to restrict the flow of ground water. The areal extent of these rock strata or clay-filled solution channels can be determined when gamma ray logs are conducted at several borehole locations across the site of investigation.
Borehole caliper logging can be employed to determine the presences of solution channels within the aquifer when penetrated by a borehole. In addition, since shale layers and clay filling are less resistant than the surrounding limestone, the caliper log may detect both the presence and the thickness of shale or clay layers in the aquifer.
Gamma ray logs can be used in conjunction with caliper logs to provide data on the stratigraphic location and thickness of solution channels and clay and shale layers within a limestone aquifer. This information is valuable to the hydrogeologist performing investigations at sites located in limestone terranes because ground water flow preferentially occurs along solution channels. 相似文献
13.
Laura Carmine Elsa Aristodemou Christopher Pain Ann Muggeridge Cassiano de Oliveira 《Geophysical Prospecting》2008,56(1):115-140
The purpose of this work was to investigate a new and fast inversion methodology for the prediction of subsurface formation properties such as porosity, salinity and oil saturation, using time‐dependent nuclear well logging data. Although the ultimate aim is to apply the technique to real‐field data, an initial investigation as described in this paper, was first required; this has been carried out using simulation results from the time‐dependent radiation transport problem within a borehole. Simulated neutron and γ‐ray fluxes at two sodium iodide (NaI) detectors, one near and one far from a pulsed neutron source emitting at ～14 MeV, were used for the investigation. A total of 67 energy groups from the BUGLE96 cross section library together with 567 property combinations were employed for the original flux response generation, achieved by solving numerically the time‐dependent Boltzmann radiation transport equation in its even parity form. Material property combinations (scenarios) and their correspondent teaching outputs (flux response at detectors) are used to train the Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and test data is used to assess the accuracy of the ANNs. The trained networks are then used to produce a surrogate model of the expensive, in terms of computational time and resources, forward model with which a simple inversion method is applied to calculate material properties from the time evolution of flux responses at the two detectors. The inversion technique uses a fast surrogate model comprising 8026 artificial neural networks, which consist of an input layer with three input units (neurons) for porosity, salinity and oil saturation; and two hidden layers and one output neuron representing the scalar photon or neutron flux prediction at the detector. This is the first time this technique has been applied to invert pulsed neutron logging tool information and the results produced are very promising. The next step in the procedure is to apply the methodology to real data. 相似文献
14.
Inversion of nuclear well-logging data using neural networks 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
Elsa Aristodemou Christopher Pain Cassiano de Oliveira Tony Goddard Christopher Harris 《Geophysical Prospecting》2005,53(1):103-120
This work looks at the application of neural networks in geophysical well‐logging problems and specifically their utilization for inversion of nuclear downhole data. Simulated neutron and γ‐ray fluxes at a given detector location within a neutron logging tool were inverted to obtain formation properties such as porosity, salinity and oil/water saturation. To achieve this, the forward particle‐radiation transport problem was first solved for different energy groups (47 neutron groups and 20 γ‐ray groups) using the multigroup code EVENT. A neural network for each of the neutron and γ‐ray energy groups was trained to re‐produce the detector fluxes using the forward modelling results from 504 scenarios. The networks were subsequently tested on unseen data sets and the unseen input parameters (formation properties) were then predicted using a global search procedure. The results obtained are very encouraging with formation properties being predicted to within 10% average relative error. The examples presented show that neural networks can be applied successfully to nuclear well‐logging problems. This enables the implementation of a fast inversion procedure, yielding quick and reliable values for unknown subsurface properties such as porosity, salinity and oil saturation. 相似文献
15.
本文将应用2.5维数值模式匹配算法研究建立柱状横向同性地层中偏心条件下磁流源并矢Green函数的高效算法,并利用该算法高效计算多分量阵列感应井眼校正库.首先,通过Fourier展开技术将偏心条件下磁流源并矢Green函数的数值模拟转化为一系列的轴对称问题;然后利用模式匹配算法求解轴对称问题,得到柱状介质中偏心条件下磁流源并矢Green函数的半解析解;最后,结合中国石油集团测井有限公司开发的三维感应测井仪器(TDIT)的结构参数,推导出复合线圈系视电导率张量的计算公式.在此基础上,根据井场实际地层资料归纳出理论地层模型相应参数的变化范围,高效高精度建立一套直接应用于工业生产的多分量阵列感应井眼校正库,并利用井眼校正库详细地分析考察各模型参数对TDIT响应的影响. 相似文献
16.
《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,(Z2)
A full 3-D finite element method numerical modeling program is written based on the principle and technical specification of borehole electric image well logging tool. The response of well logging is computed in the formation media model with a single fracture. The effect of changing fracture aperture and resistivity ratio to the logging response is discussed. The identification ability for two parallel fractures is also present. A quantitative evaluation formula of fracture aperture from borehole electric image logging data is set up. A case study of the model well is done to verify the accuracy of the for-mula. The result indicates that the formula is more accurate than the foreign one. 相似文献
17.
本文针对中国石油集团测井有限公司(CPL)三维阵列感应测井仪器(Three Dimensional Induction Tool,TDIT)的真实结构与参数,利用2.5维数值模式匹配技术研究建立水平层状非均质TI地层中仪器偏心情况下三维感应测井响应的高效数值模拟算法.首先,利用2.5维数值模式匹配技术给出水平层状非均质TI模型中偏心磁流源并矢Green函数的半解析解.在此基础上,结合三维阵列感应测井仪器参数以及测量过程中出现的仪器偏心与旋转等实际情况,通过叠加原理推导出该仪器响应的有效计算公式.最后,通过数值模拟结果分析考察仪器偏心、仪器自旋角等参数对测井响应的影响以及变化特征,为多分量感应资料处理与解释提供理论基础. 相似文献
18.
Invasion of mud filtrate from the borehole into the surrounding formation can significantly alter the response of logging tools.In this paper the neutron tool response was calculated for a gas-bearing rock crossed by the borehole.The invaded zone is characterized by variable fluid and gas saturation and is defined by a specific hyperbolic function. The saturation function is based on the characteristics of Polish Carpathian Foredeep Miocene formations reached in gas-bearing rocks. The whole system including neutron tool equipped with Am-Be neutron source and a set of neutron detectors, borehole, invaded zone, and virgin zone, was numerically modeled and used as the input to the Monte-Carlo neutron transport code. The response of each detector was calculated for different combinations of porosity and saturation of invaded zone and virgin zone. 相似文献
19.
Recent studies have revealed the great potential of acoustic reflection logging in detecting near borehole fractures and vugs. The new design of acoustic reflection imaging tool with a closest spacing of 10.6m and a certain degree of phase steering makes it easier to extract the reflection signals from the borehole mode waves. For field applications of the tool, we had developed the corresponding processing software: Acoustic Reflection Imaging. In this paper, we have further developed an effective data processing flow by employing multi‐scale slowness‐time‐coherence for reflection wave extraction and incorporating reverse time migration for imaging complicated subtle structures with the strong effects of borehole environment. Applications of the processing flow to synthetic data of acoustic reflection logging in a fractured formation model and interface model with fluid filled borehole generated by 2D finite difference method, and to the physical modelling data from a laboratory water tank, as well as to the field data from two wells in a western Chinese oil field, demonstrate the validity and capability of our multi‐scale slowness‐time‐coherence and reverse time migration algorithms. 相似文献