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1.
对柴达木盆地察尔汗盐湖区外围沙下盐湖的卤水及沉积进行了综合研究。沙下盐湖卤水化学组成与地表径流和开放性盐湖卤水之间存在明显的差异性，具有高Ｎａ＾＋＋Ｃｌ＾－、低Ｍｇ＾２＋＋Ｃａ＾２＋＋ＳＯ４＾２－、贫Ｋ＾＋＋ＣＯ３＾２－＋ＨＣＯ３＾－等特征。沙下盐湖析盐层位含有新生矿物并夹带碎屑矿物，其盐类矿物组合为：石盐＋羟氯镁铝石＋光卤石。２５℃等温蒸发相图表明，其卤水演化方向往光卤石析出区迁移，在穿越上覆盖 相似文献
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西藏扎布耶湖ZK91-2钻孔沉积特征与气候环境演化 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
扎布耶盐湖位于西藏高原腹地,1991年在其南部干盐滩中钻取了20m深湖相沉积,以5～10cm/个的密度进行高分辨率取样,详细探讨了沉积标志、矿物组合（尤其Mg、Ca、Li碳酸盐）、干旱与潮湿两种气候类型的元素组合等气候环境指标,推导了晚更新世以来该湖区湖面涨缩、水质咸谈及气温高低变化。 相似文献
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近1800年来云南洱海流域气候变化与人类活动的湖泊沉积记录 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9
对云南洱海湖泊岩芯沉积物进行了多环境指标（年代学、色素、硅藻、有机碳稳定同位素、磁化率、化学元素）的分析,建立了近１８００年来云南洱海流域气候与环境变化的序列,气候演化具有暖干、冷湿交替的组合呈些特征气候阶段如中世纪温暖期、小冰期气候特征在洱海源泊沉积记录中均有反映,洱海湖泊上沉积记录的气候暖干－冷湿交替变化规律,反映了西南委风影响下的气候演化特征,湖泊沉积记录中包含丰富的人类以的信息,磁化率,元 相似文献
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青藏高原雪冰电导率与降水碱度以及大气粉尘载荷变化的关系 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对青藏高原小冬克玛底冰川和古里雅冰帽上的数个雪坑和浅冰芯的观测，得 出其碱度（ＯＨ－）剖面、雪坑和冰芯的液态电导率（ＥＣ）变化与ＯＨ－之间呈良好线性相关 （ｒ≥０．８）。分析表明，无论在季节、年际或百年际时间尺度上，ＥＣ与ＯＨ－间的相关性以 及ＥＣ与可溶离子总量（ＴＤＳ）间的相关程度是大致相当的。ＥＣ的波动主要取决于粉尘来 源的碱性盐类（尤其Ｃａ２＋）的变化。因此，ＥＣ参量运用到深冰芯研究中，可反映历史时期 大气粉尘载荷的变化，对反演沙漠演化、大气环流有重要意义。古里雅冰芯记录表明， 大气粉尘的中、长期变化可能取决于气候参量的组合特征：“冷－干”气候阶段粉尘量 上升，ＥＣ和ＯＨ－值高；“暖－湿”阶段粉尘量下降，ＥＣ和ＯＨ－值低。２０世纪初以来，随 着藏北高原气候呈现暖湿化趋势，大气粉尘载荷明显下降。因此，ＥＣ可作为显示大气尘 埃载荷变化的宏观标尺，是气候波动的“指示器”。 相似文献
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13kaBP以来滇池地区古环境演 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
根据ＤＣ９３－１孔孢粉组合、总有机碳（ＴＯＣ）、总氮（ＴＮ）、碳氮比（Ｃ／Ｎ）、有机碳同位素δ＾１３Ｃｒｏｇ、磁化率（ｘ）、频率磁化率（ｘｆｄ）等资料,结合＾１４Ｃ、＾２１０Ｐｂ和＾１３７Ｃｓ测年,汗池地区１３ｋａ以来的古环境演化历史经历了以下几个阶段：１３－１０．２ｋａＢＰ,气候偏凉湿,湖水深度不大;１０．２－７．５ｋａＢＰ,气候向暖湿过渡,湖水渐深：７．５－４．０ｋａＢＰ,气候暖湿,水热条件达 相似文献
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位于浙江省东部的永康盆地是典型的白垩纪陆相红盆.本文作者发现在永康盆地北东部的朝川组红层沉积中发育较深水暗色泥灰岩沉积,与较浅水红色细碎屑沉积呈互层或夹层产出,具渐变式湖相碳酸盐岩与陆源碎屑岩混合沉积的特征.控制该混合沉积形成的主要因素是湖盆浪基面之下的静水环境及干旱与潮湿气候的交替变化.通过对朝川组泥灰岩段沉积环境及成因进行分析,结合该泥灰岩段中保存的孢粉和植物化石组合,笔者认为该套湖相碳酸盐岩与陆源碎屑岩的混合沉积反映了浙东地区早白垩世晚期总体可能处于干热气候环境,但存在短时间内的干湿气候交替. 相似文献
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在滇西单拉铜矿区发现了４层硅质岩，该硅质岩具有低的ＴｉＯ２，Ａｌ２Ｏ３与高的成矿元素（Ｃｕ，Ａｕ，Ａｇ）含量特征．硅质岩稀土元素总量很低，其球粒陨石标准化配分模 式为向右倾的曲线，具有明显的负Ｅｕ异常与弱的正Ｃｅ异常，与矿区早期形成的块状硫 化物矿石、矿石矿物及脉石矿物具有一致的稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式，而与 成矿中晚期形成的夕卡岩型矿石及破碎带充填交代型矿石明显不同．硅质岩的硅同位 素组成与热水沉积的硅华及硅质岩一致，它的铅同位素组成与块状硫化物矿石一致， 它的 Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ等时线年龄为 ２７２ Ｍａ± ６ Ｍａ，与赋矿地层时代一致．研究表明羊拉矿区硅 质岩为典型的热水沉积硅质岩，且与矿区块状硫化物矿体关系密切，这为该矿床块状 硫化物矿体为海底喷流热水沉积作用形成提供了直接的证据． 相似文献
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东海近3.5万年来古海洋环境变化的分子生物标志物记录 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
结合ＡＭＳ~（１４）Ｃ测年及浮游有孔虫δ~（１８）Ｏ和δ~（１３）Ｃ资料，分别利用Ｕ_（３７）~Ｋ，∑Ｃ_（２１）~－／∑Ｃ_（２２）～＋和Ｐｒ／Ｐｎ恢复了近３．５万年来冲绳海槽的古海洋环境变化．结果表明，近３．５万年来，冲绳海槽经历了７次较强的气候变冷事件（Ｃ１～Ｃ７）和９次陆源物质减少事件（ｅ１～ｅ９），其中的Ｇ１相当于全新世中晚期冷事件，Ｃ２～Ｃ４和Ｃ７分别相当于Ｈ１～Ｈ４事件，ｅ１，对应于海水表层温度ＳＳＴ的降低．Ｈ事件发生时，陆源物质供应显示增加的趋势．气候变冷导致河流输运陆源物质的能力减小，冬季风输运陆源物质的能力增强，Ｈ事件与东亚冬季风密切相关末次盛冰期（２５．８～１５．５ｋａＢＰ）还原环境发生剧烈波动，强还原事件（Ｒ１～Ｒ３）对应于ＳＳＴ的降低和陆源营养物质的增加，而弱还原事件（Ｏ）对应于陆源营养物质的减少．还原环境的变化与表层生产力密切相关． 相似文献
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Humid Little Ice Age in arid central Asia documented by Bosten Lake, Xinjiang, China 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
J. A. Holmes 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(12):1280-1290
Short sediment cores retrieved from Bosten Lake, the largest inland freshwater lake in China, were used to explore humidity and precipitation variations in arid central Asia during the past millennium. The chronology of the cores was established using 137Cs, 210Pb and AMS 14C dating re- sults. Multi-proxy high-resolution analysis, including pollen ratios of Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae (A/C), carbonate content and grain size, indicates that the climate during the past millennium can be divided into three stages: a dry climate between 1000―1500 AD, a humid climate during the Little Ice Age (LIA) (c. 1500―1900 AD), and a warm dry period after 1900 AD. On centennial timescales, the climate change in northwestern China during the past 1000 years is characterized by oscillations between warm-dry and cold-humid climate conditions. All the proxies changed significantly and indi- cate increased precipitation during the LIA, including increased pollen A/C ratios and pollen concen- trations, decreased carbonate content and increased grain size. The humid period during the LIA re- corded by the Bosten Lake sediments is representative of arid central Asia and is supported by nu- merous records from other sites. During the LIA, the water runoff into the Keriya River and Tarim River in the Tarim Basin increased, while the ice accumulation in the Guliya ice core increased. Additionally, the lake levels of the Aral and Caspian Sea also rose, while tree-ring analysis indicates that precipita- tion increased. We hypothesize that both the lower temperature within China and the negative anomalies of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) during this period may have contributed to the humid climate within this area during LIA. 相似文献
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河西走廊花海古湖泊全新世白云石的发现及其环境意义 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
通过对河西走廊花海古湖泊沉积物的X衍射分析发现,全新世期间有明显的白云石沉积.岩性、沉积过程、石膏以及Fe3+含量的变化表明,花海湖全新世白云石沉积环境以还原环境为主,即还原环境利于白云石的形成,为白云石的成因研究提供了新的证据.白云石作为碳酸盐矿物,可以反映湖水盐度,但并非直接指示了湖水的咸化.随着湖水盐度的进一步增加,在硫酸盐型湖泊中,白云石含量随盐度的增加而相应减少,表明利用白云石分析湖水盐度时需要结合其他矿物进行分析.结合石膏含量的变化,花海湖全新世时期白云石含量的变化可以揭示该区域湖水盐度的变化.在10.478.87 cal ka B.P.早全新世时期,湖水的盐度较高,气候由干向湿转变;8.87 cal ka B.P.时期,有大量石膏沉积,显示了湖水盐度的进一步升高,气候干旱;随后湖水相对淡化,气候湿润;5.50 cal ka B.P.至今,沉积出现间断,气候逐渐干旱. 相似文献
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R.L. Wang S.C. ScarpittaS.C. Zhang M.P. Zheng 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2002,203(1):461-477
We present a time series of carbon and oxygen stable isotope records of the last 30?000 14C years throughout the last glacial-postglacial cycle from western Qinghai-Xizhang (Tibet) Plateau. A 20-m core drilled in the south basin of Zabuye Salt Lake was analyzed for inorganic and organic carbon and total sulfur contents, δ13C and δ18O values of carbonates. Our results indicate that climatic changes have led to a drastic negative shift of stable isotope ratios at the transition between the Last Full Glacial and the postglacial phase during Later Pleistocene times (∼16.2 kyr BP), and a rapid positive shift at the transition from Pleistocene to Holocene (∼10.6 kyr BP). The first shift is marked by the drop of δ18Ocarb values of about 10‰ (from +2 to −8‰) and δ13Ccarb values of about 3‰ (from 5 to 2‰). The second shift which occurred at the transition from Pleistocene to Holocene was of similar magnitude but in the opposite direction. Isotope data, combined with total organic and inorganic carbon contents and the lithological composition of the core, suggest this lake was an alluvial pre-lake environment prior to ca. 28 14C kyr BP. During ca. 28-16.2 14C kyr BP, Zabuye Lake was likely a moderately deep lake with limited outflow. The cool and arid glacial climate led the lake level to drop drastically. Extended residence time overwhelmed the lower temperature and caused a steady increase of δ13Ccarb and δ18Ocarb values and total inorganic carbon content in the sediments. During ca. 16.2-10.6 14C kyr BP, this lake probably overflowed and received abundant recharge from melting glaciers when the deglaciation was in its full speed. A spike of markedly enhanced δ13Ccarb and δ18Ocarb is seen at ∼11.5 kyr BP, probably due to the isotopic effects left behind by the short but severe Younger Dryas (YD) event. After ca. 10.6 14C kyr BP, Zabuye Lake probably closed its surface outflow, due to strong desiccation and drastic climate warming. The Early and Middle Holocene were characterized by unstable climatic conditions with alternating warmer/cooler episodes as indicated by the severe fluctuations of total organic carbon, δ13C and δ18O values. A hypersaline salt lake environment was finally formed at Zabuye after ∼5 14C kyr BP when the mirabilite and halite concentrations steadily increased and became the dominant minerals in the sediments. Severe imbalance of inflow/outflow resulted in the drastic increase of total sulfur, δ13Ccarb and δ18Ocarb values and dominance of halite in the lake since ca. 3.8 kyr BP to present. 相似文献
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Two sediment cores, one 396 cm long from west Taihu Lake, another 246 cm long from east Taihu Lake, are interpreted from the analysis of their magnetic susceptibility, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, total pigments, organic carbon isotope, hydrogen index, saturated hydrocarbons, 14C dating and surficial sediment conditions. The west Taihu Lake core is the longest one studied in this lake so far, and has provided us the most complete environmental and climatic information for this lake. The results from the west Taihu lake core indicate that Taihu Lake has undergone the following stages:from ca.14 300 to 13 300 aB.P. Taihu Lake was in low lake-level, and there existed exposed features from the proxies reflecting arid paleoclimate. From ca.13 300 to 12 400 aB.P. an arid transitional stages occurred with a slightly warmer and wetter climate. From ca. 12 400 to 10 900 aB.P. a period of large climatic fluctuation occurred and from 10900-10 000 aB.P. a warm period developed with deep water and strongly reducing sediments. During ca.10 000-7 200aB.P., a cool transitional period alternating with a warm climate occurred. It was warm and wet during 7 200-5 700aB.P.; some proxies changed violently in 5 050aB.P., reflecting obvious changes in material source and a probable interruption of sedimentation. The east Taihu Lake history from ca. 6 550 to 6 450 aBP, the climate was cold and dry, and gradually turned warm and wet in ca. 6 450-6 050 aBP. It was warm and wet in ca. 6 050-5 800 aBP and had a cold tendency in 5 800-ca. 5 000 aBP. An abrupt change occurred at ca. 5 000 aBP, and the lake sediment in the uppmost part was disturbed by wave action indicating shallow water conditions. 相似文献
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D. M. Imboden B. S. F. Eid T. Joller M. Schurter J. Wetzel 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1979,41(2):177-189
In a limno-corral (diameter 12 m, depth to sediments 10 m), located in Baldeggersee (Switzerland), vertical mixing has been
measured during more than one year and compared to the conditions in the open lake (maximum depth 65 m, surface area 5.3 km2). The temperature method by McEwen and Hutchinson yields Kz values between 5×10−2 cm2s−1 at the upper boundary of the thermocline and 2×10−3 cm2s−1 at the bottom, a value near the molecular diffusion of heat at 4°C (1.36×10−3 cm2s−1). Kz calculated from profiles of excess radon-222 generally agree with those from the temperature data. Compared to the open lake,
the corral has a more shallow epilimnion. However, during calm meteorological conditions, vertical mixing in the upper 10
m is similar outside and inside the corral.
Supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation within the framework for its National Research Program on ‘Lake Currents.’ 相似文献
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Understanding the extent to which local factors, including bedrock and structure, govern catchment denudation in mountainous environments as opposed to broader climate or tectonic patterns provides insight into how landscapes evolve as sediment is generated and transported through them, and whether they have approached steady-state equilibrium. We measured beryllium-10 (10Be) concentrations in 21 sediment samples from glaciated footwall and hanging wall catchments, including a set of nested catchments, and 12 bedrock samples in the Puga and Tso Morari half-grabens located in the high-elevation, arid Zanskar region of northern India. In the Puga half-graben where catchments are underlain by quartzo-feldspathic gneissic bedrock, bedrock along catchment divides is eroding very slowly, about 5 m/Ma, due to extreme aridity and 10Be concentrations in catchment sediments are the highest (~60–90 × 105 atoms/g SiO2) as colluvium accumulates on hillslopes, decoupled from their ephemeral streams. At Puga, 10Be concentrations and the average erosion rates of a set of six nested catchments demonstrate that catchment denudation is transport-limited as sediment stagnates on lower slopes before reaching the catchment outlet. In the Tso Morari half-graben, gneissic bedrock is also eroding very slowly but 10Be concentrations in sediments in catchments underlain by low grade meta-sedimentary rocks, are significantly lower (~10–35 × 105 atoms/g SiO2). In these arid, high-elevation environments, 10Be concentrations in catchment sediments have more to do with bedrock weathering and transport times than steady-state denudation rates. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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湖泊水资源持续损失已经成为影响半干旱地区经济社会发展的主要问题之一.然而，由于缺少长期连续的湖泊动态监测数据，该地区湖泊水资源损失过程及其与气候变化和经济社会发展之间的关系没有得到详细的评估.针对此问题，本文以位于半干旱地区的岱海为研究对象，利用改进型归一化差异水体指数从1986—2020年258景Landsat遥感影像中提取湖泊水体边界，结合湖泊水位数据，重建了近60 a岱海水资源量动态变化过程.结果表明：1961—2019年期间，岱海急剧萎缩，湖泊水量共减少9.88×108 m3.同时水量变化趋势分段函数拟合结果表明，岱海水量变化可分为3个阶段：1961—1978年，水量损失速率为0.726×107 m3/a的缓慢损失阶段；1979—2004年，水量损失速率为2.10×107 m3/a的快速损失阶段；2005—2019年，水量损失速率为3.39×107 m3/a的加速损失阶段.相关分析表明：岱海水量损失与流域经济社会发展密切相关.其中，改革开放后流域农业开发利用规模和强度的提高是导致岱海水量损失的主要原因；“西部大开发”战略实施后工业经济的兴起则加速了岱海水量的损失.据此，本研究建议干旱半干旱地区湖泊流域经济社会的发展应与其水资源承载力相协调. 相似文献
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Environmental mechanism of magnetic susceptibility changes of lacustrine sediments from Lake Hulun, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The changes of magnetic susceptibility(κ) are correlated with those of corresponding sedimentological, geochemical, mineralogical and biological results, which verifies
thatκ can be taken as one of the environmental proxies. However, usually the exact origin of magnetic signal is poorly understood,
and is difficult to relate with the environmental evolution. Magnetic properties of material derived from the catchment and
sedimentary environment may affect the accumulation, preservation, or authigenesis and diagenesis of magnetic minerals. In
the Lake Hulun region in Inner Mongolia, it is found that muddy sediments, deposited during high water level period (corresponding
to humid climate), have comparatively highκ values. In contrast, the sandy sediments, deposited during low water level period (corresponding to arid climate), have lowκ values. Detailed rock magnetic investigation confirms that detrital magnetite derived from volcanic rocks in the catchment
exists in both muddy and sandy sediments. During high water level period, secondary ferrimagnetic iron sulphide was produced
in muddy sediments under relatively reductive conditions. Ferrimagnetic iron sulphide, coexisting with detrital magnetite,
predominates the magnetic properties of muddy sediments, resulting in increasingκ. This paper reveals the significance of authigenic ferrimagnetic iron sulphide produced after sediment deposition. 相似文献