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1.
Shear velocity structure of crust and uppermost mantle in China from surface wave tomography using ambient noise and earthquake data 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We present a 3D model of shear velocity of crust and upper mantle in China and surrounding regions from surface wave tomography.We combine dispersion measurements from ambient noise correlation and traditional earthquake data.The stations include the China National Seismic Network,global networks,and all the available PASSCAL stations in the region over the years.The combined data sets provide excellent data coverage of the region for surface wave measurements from 8 to 120 s,which are used to invert for 3D shear wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle down to about150 km.We also derive new models of the study region for crustal thickness and averaged S velocities for upper,mid,and lower crust and the uppermost mantle.The models provide a fundamental data set for understanding continental dynamics and evolution.The tomography results reveal significant features of crust and upper mantle structure,including major basins,Moho depth variation,mantle velocity contrast between eastern and western North China Craton,widespread low-velocity zone in midcrust in much of the Tibetan Plateau,and clear velocity contrasts of the mantle lithosphere between north and southern Tibet with significant E–W variations.The low velocity structure in the upper mantle under north and eastern TP correlates with surface geological boundaries.A patch of high velocity anomaly is found under the eastern part of the TP,which may indicate intact mantle lithosphere.Mantle lithosphere shows striking systematic change from the western to eastern North China Craton.The Tanlu Fault appears to be a major lithosphere boundary. 相似文献
2.
采用快速行进法正演计算了西藏西部地区的远震P波理论走时,随后基于该地区台阵提取到的相对到时残差利用子空间迭代算法反演得到该地区的地壳上地幔速度相对分布。层析成像结果显示:西藏西部地区在下地壳深度显示高速异常,上地幔深度该地区内部的高速异常范围从西往东逐渐减小,且研究区域东部存在高低速异常相间分布。据此认为印度板块在青藏高原内部近水平俯冲,西部俯冲范围较大,且俯冲过程中存在板块撕裂现象,撕裂的印度板块拆沉进入上地幔,而撕裂产生的间隙由于应力释放导致了西藏西部地区新生代裂谷的形成。 相似文献
3.
Three dimensional shear wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle beneath China from ambient noise surface wave tomography 
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下载免费PDF全文 Xinlei Sun Xiaodong Song Sihua Zheng Yingjie Yang Michael H. Ritzwoller 《地震科学（英文版）》2010,23(5):449-463
We determine the three-dimensional shear wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle in China using Green's functions obtained from seismic ambient noise cross-correlation.The data we use are from the China National Seismic Network,global and regional networks and PASSCAL stations in the region.We first acquire cross-correlation seismograms between all possible station pairs.We then measure the Rayleigh wave group and phase dispersion curves using a frequency-time analysis method from 8 s to 60 s.After that,Rayleigh wave group and phase velocity dispersion maps on 1° by 1° spatial grids are obtained at different periods.Finally,we invert these maps for the 3-D shear wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle beneath China at each grid node.The inversion results show large-scale structures that correlate well with surface geology.Near the surface,velocities in major basins are anomalously slow,consistent with the thick sediments.East-west contrasts are striking in Moho depth.There is also a fast mid-to-lower crust and mantle lithosphere beneath the major basins surrounding the Tibetan plateau (TP) and Tianshan (Junggar,Tarim,Ordos,and Sichuan).These strong blocks,therefore,appear to play an important role in confining the deformation of the TP and constraining its geometry to form its current triangular shape.In northwest TP in Qiangtang,slow anomalies extend from the crust to the mantle lithosphere.Meanwhile,widespread,a prominent low-velocity zone is observed in the middle crust beneath most of the central,eastern and southeastern Tibetan plateau,consistent with a weak (and perhaps mobile) middle crust. 相似文献
4.
利用青藏高原东北缘地区固定地震台网2010年4月至2015年3月期间记录的远震事件,采用多道波形互相关方法（Multi-Channel Cross-Correlation）拾取了10697个有效P波相对走时残差数据,进而采用FMTT （Fast Marching Teleseismic Tomography）方法获得了青藏高原东北缘上地幔400 km深度范围内的P波速度结构,结果显示：秦祁地块下面存在深达70 km的高速异常,阻断了青藏高原块体中下地壳低速层向东北方向的延伸;40~140 km深度范围内,四川西南部存在一个低速区,该低速区穿过龙门山断裂带进入到四川盆地内部;祁连山造山带东部低速异常区从地壳一直延伸到上地幔400 km处,表明这里可能存在一个上地幔到地壳间的热流通道;松潘-甘孜地块分布大面积的低速异常区,而鄂尔多斯地块西南缘相对速度较高,这与青藏高原为软块体、介质密度低和鄂尔多斯块体为硬块体、介质密度高相吻合. 相似文献
5.
本文首次采用Rayleigh面波双台法研究中国西部及其邻域的三维横波速度结构.共处理了超过3000条双台资料，经仔细挑选共获得110条高质量的双台Rayleigh波相速度频散资料.采用Tarantola的概率方法反演得到研究区域内15～120 s的Rayleigh相速度分布图像.采用Tarantola非线性问题的最小二乘反演方法反演得到研究区域内2°×2°的三维横波速度结构.利用不同周期的Rayleigh面波相速度大致对λ/3波长附近深度的横波速度最为敏感这一物理特性，在反演过程中引入一种层速度自适应调整的技巧，可以较好地加快收敛和提高反演的稳定性.反演得到的横波速度结构的主要结论为：（1）青藏高原的西部地区下地壳和上地幔顶部横波速度很高，软流层不发育；而青藏高原东缘地区的下地壳和上地幔顶部速度明显偏低，很可能是青藏高原地壳低速物质沿青藏高原东部边缘地区向南运动、形成经川滇地区连接缅甸北部低速区的低速物质运移通道；在青藏高原东北部边缘地区，下地壳的速度明显低于中地壳的速度；（2）青藏高原南部的拉萨地块具有较高速度的上地幔顶盖层，从南向北拉萨地块的软流层埋深约从130 km减至100 km，软流层厚度约从40 km增至80 km；北部羌塘地块的下地壳速度偏低，上地幔顶盖层缺失，速度很低，软流层的厚度较大；（3）塔里木盆地和准噶尔盆地都表现出较高的上地幔横波速度结构，软流层不明显，准噶尔盆地下地壳的厚度和速度都比塔里木盆地的高；（4）蒙古高原西部的下地壳上地幔顶部速度明显低于蒙古高原东部地区的，且在蒙古高原中西部地区存在巨厚的低速软流层.该软流层越往蒙古高原东部厚度越小，上覆顶盖层的速度和厚度越大.对上述反演结果作了地质解释. 相似文献
6.
The lithosphere of the South American continent has been studied little, especially in northern Brazil (the Amazonian region). A 3D lithospheric S-velocity model of South America was obtained by first carrying out Rayleigh and Love wave group-velocity tomography, and then inverting the regionalized dispersion curves. Fundamental mode group velocities were measured using a Multiple Filtering Technique. More than 12,000 paths were examined and about 6000 Rayleigh- and 3500 Love-wave dispersion curves with good quality were retrieved. Checkerboard tests showed that our dataset permits the resolution of features 400-800 km across laterally in the central part of the continent from crustal to upper mantle depths. Our results confirm previous tomographic results and correlate well with the major geological provinces of South America. The 3D S-velocity model confirms both regional features of SE Brazil from P-wave travel-time tomography and continental-scale features of central and western South America from waveform inversion, e.g., lowest velocities in the Andean upper mantle; three parts of the Nazca plate with flat subduction; strong low-velocity anomalies in the upper-mantle depth beneath the Chaco basin. Furthermore, our 3D model revealed new features in the South American continent: (1) high velocities in the lower crust were consistently found in regions with high Bouguer or free-air anomalies; (2) the NE-SW trending TransBrasiliano shear zone was delineated by a NE-SW low-velocity belt at lithospheric depths; (3) the eastern Amazonian craton appears to have thicker lithosphere than the western craton; (4) in areas of Archean nuclei located in the northeastern Guaporé shield and southeastern São Francisco craton, high velocity anomalies were found down to 150 km. 相似文献
7.
利用"中国地震科学台阵探测"在南北地震带北段布设的670套宽频带地震台站记录到的面波资料,使用新近发展的程函方程面波层析成像方法,获得了青藏高原东北缘及周边地区12~60 s周期范围比以往成像结果具有更高分辨率的瑞利面波相速度分布图像.青藏高原东北缘的祁连褶皱系西段、秦岭褶皱系西段和松潘一甘孜褶皱系,在16~60s周期范围内均显示出明显的低速异常分布,表明该地区的地壳力学强度较低,在强烈的构造应力作用下易发生形变.与西段不同,祁连褶皱系东段和秦岭褶皱系中段的相速度分布特征揭示,其中下地壳的速度明显高于高原内部区域.鄂尔多斯块体整体上表现为稳定块体具有的高速特征,但其西部边缘在中上地壳的速度比块体中部地区偏低,且存在一定的不均匀性.鄂尔多斯块体西北缘的临河断陷盆地和西缘的银川断陷盆地,在较短的周期范围内(12~20 s)表现为局部低速特征,但与银川断陷盆地不同,临河断陷盆地的低速特征可一直延续至60 s周期以上,表明该盆地下方地壳及上地幔速度明显偏低,可能与深部热作用有关.阿拉善块体与其北部地区的速度差异主要表现在中上地壳,这一现象值得今后进一步探讨.基于程函方程面波层析成像方法给出了青藏高原东北缘及周边地区高分辨率的成像结果,揭示了以往面波层析成像难以获得的深部细节特征,为该地区的深部构造研究提供了新的信息. 相似文献
8.
2006年中国地震局地质研究所地震动力学国家重点实验室在川西地区(26°N~32°N,100°E~105°E)布设了由297台宽频带数字地震仪组成的流动观测台阵.利用该密集台阵29°N以北156个台站2007年1~12月份的地震环境噪声记录和互相关技术,我们得到了所有台站对的面波经验格林函数和瑞利波相速度频散曲线,并进一步反演得到了观测台阵下方2~35 s周期的瑞利波相速度分布图像．本文结果表明,观测台阵覆盖的川滇地块、松潘-甘孜地块和四川盆地的地壳速度结构存在显著差异,具体表现为：(1)短周期（2~8 s）相速度分布与地表构造特征相吻合,作为川滇地块、松潘-甘孜地块和四川盆地之间的边界断裂,龙门山断裂带和鲜水河断裂带对上述三个地块上地壳的速度结构具有明显的控制作用,四川盆地前陆低速特征表明相应区域存在较厚的（约10 km）沉积盖层;(2)中周期（12~18 s）相速度分布表明,川滇地块和松潘-甘孜地块中上地壳速度结构存在明显的不均匀横向变化,并形成了尺度不同且高、低速相间的分块结构,而四川盆地中地壳整体上已经表现出相对高速;(3)长周期（25~35 s）相速度分布表明,松潘-甘孜地块,特别是川滇地块中下地壳表现为广泛的明显低速异常,意味着它们的中下地壳相对软弱,而四川盆地的中下地壳呈现整体性的相对高速,意味着四川盆地具有相对坚硬的中下地壳,并且以汶川地震的震中为界,龙门山断裂带的地壳结构显示了北段为高速异常,南段为低速异常的分段特征． 相似文献
9.
收集辽宁及其周边地区（吉林、河北、山东、内蒙）70个宽频带地震仪2012年连续背景噪声波形数据,基于地震背景噪声层析成像方法,得到研究区面波群速度及相速度图像。利用台站对互相关方法,提取瑞利面波格林函数,采用时频分析法（FTAN）获取2 416条相速度频散曲线,从中筛选1 661条信噪比较高的频散曲线。将研究区以0.25°×0.25°进行网格化,采用Ditmar等提出的层析成像反演方法,得到周期10—40 s的瑞利面波群速度及相速度结构分布图。与群速度结果相比,分辨率更高,研究区大部可达0.5°×0.5°（局部可达0.25°×0.25°）。结果表明,辽宁地区地壳及上地幔面波相速度结构存在显著的横向不均匀性。在周期10—15 s的群速度图中,浅层及中上地壳速度分布与研究区地形地貌及主要地质构造单元具有较好的对应关系,盆地及沉积层低速,山区隆起高速,且在高低速转换带多为地震孕震区;在周期20—30 s相速度结构图中,下地壳至上地幔顶部深度范围内,相速度速度结构主要受地壳厚度及渤海湾内巨厚沉积层的影响,在海城至大连区域内出现的低速异常推测为地下热物质上涌;随着深度的增加,在周期30—40 s的相速度图中,速度分布逐渐受控于莫霍面起伏,明显变化出现在辽东半岛,由高速变为低速。 相似文献
10.
Using records of continuous seismic waveforms from 609 broadband seismic stations in the South China Block and its adjacent areas in 2010–2012, empirical Green's functions of surface waves were obtained from cross-correlation functions of ambient noise data between these stations. High quality phase velocity dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves were obtained using time-frequency analysis. These interstation dispersion curves were then inverted to build Rayleigh wave phase velocity maps at periods of 6–50 s. The results of phase velocity maps indicate that phase velocities at 6–10 s periods are correlated with the geological features in the upper crust. Major basins and small-scale grabens and basins display slow velocity anomalies; while most of the orogenic belts and the fold belts display high velocity anomalies. With the gravity gradient zone along Taihang Mountain to Wuling Mountain as the boundary for the phase velocity maps at period of 20–30 s, the western area mainly displays low velocity anomalies, while the eastern side shows high velocity anomalies. Phase velocities in the eastern South China Block south to the Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt is higher than that in the eastern North China Block to the north, which is possibly due to the differences of tectonic mechanisms between the North China Craton and the South China Block. The phase velocities at periods of40–50 s are possibly related to the lateral variations of the velocity structure in the lower crust and upper mantle: The low-velocity anomalies in the eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau are caused by the thick crust; while the Sichuan Basin and the southern part of the Ordos Basin display distinct high-velocity anomalies, reflecting the stable features of the lithosphere in these blocks. The lateral variation pattern of phase velocities in the southern part of the South China Block is not consistent with the surface trace of the block boundary in the eastern Yunnan Province and its vicinities. The phase velocities in the Sichuan Basin are overall slow at short periods and gradually increase with period from the central part to the edge of the basin, indicating the features of shallower basement in the center and overall stable lithospheric mantle of the basin. The middle and upper crust of the southern Ordos Basin in the North China Block is heterogeneous, while in lower crust and the uppermost mantle the phase velocities mainly exhibit high anomalies. High-velocity anomalies are widespread at the middle of the Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt, as well as the areas in southeastern Guangxi with Caledonian granite explosion, but its detailed mechanism is still unclear. 相似文献
11.
本文利用布设于陕西及其邻区的喜马拉雅二期流动地震台阵和区内的固定地震台网共计257个台站于2014—2015年记录到的连续波形资料,采用基于图像分析的相速度提取方法,得到了7 185条瑞雷波相速度频散曲线,反演获得了周期为5—40 s的瑞雷波相速度分布图像,其最小分辨率约为20 km。结果表明:各周期瑞雷波相速度图像具有明显的横向不均匀性,能够较好地反映出地壳及上地幔顶部的地质构造特征。周期为5—10 s的瑞雷波相速度分布与地表地质构造密切相关,且高低速异常的分界线与地块边界高度吻合;周期为15 s的瑞雷波相速度分布图像显示出,大部分断陷沉积盆地（渭河、天水等盆地）表现为低速异常,表明此区域的沉积层厚度较大;周期为20—40 s的相速度分布则受地壳厚度影响较大,青藏高原东北缘始终呈现出明显的低速异常,鄂尔多斯地块中、下地壳以高速异常为主,但周期为20—30 s的相速度低速异常区分布于青藏高原沿六盘山逆冲褶皱带并一直延伸至鄂尔多斯内部,由此推测该区域地下介质中存在一定程度的物质交换和融合。 相似文献
12.
本研究收集了"中国地震科学探测台阵-南北地震带南段"项目325个流动宽频带台站于2011年8月至2012年9月记录的远震垂直向资料,利用双台法测得了3594条独立路径上的瑞雷波相速度频散曲线,反演得到了青藏高原东南部地区周期10~60s瑞雷波的相速度分布图像.空间分辨尺度图表明,在台站覆盖范围内的绝大部分地区横向分辨率达到50km.2D相速度分布图显示,青藏高原东南部地区地壳上地幔S波速度结构存在较明显的横向非均匀性.短周期(如10s)的相速度分布主要受地表沉积层厚度的影响.绝大多数地震发生在周期15s相速度图上的低速区或高低速的陡变梯度带附近,充分说明该区的强震活动与中上地壳速度结构的变化有直接关系.中等周期(如20~30s)的相速度分布主要与中下地壳速度结构、地壳厚度密切相关,小江断裂、松潘—甘孜块体呈现最显著的低速,可能暗示这两处的中、下地壳存在低速层.较长周期(如40~60s)的相速度分布与上地幔顶部热状态和构造活动(如岩浆作用)有关.滇西南地区表现为大范围的显著低速,可能暗示滇西南地区上地幔顶部物质存在部分熔融.不同构造块体下方的频散曲线,具有不同的相速度特征.腾冲火山下方的频散曲线在10~60s一直为较低的速度,尤其是到40s以后,相速度随周期的变大增速明显放缓,至60s比其他任何块体速度都低,暗示腾冲火山区下方的低速至少来自上地幔顶部(约100km). 相似文献
13.
High-resolution Rayleigh wave phase velocity maps from ambient noise tomography in North China 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Jiatie Pan 《地震科学（英文版）》2012,25(3):241-251
We presented high-resolution Rayleigh wave phase velocity maps at periods ranging from 5 s to 30 s in the northeast part of the North China Craton (NNCC). Continuous time-series of vertical component between October 2006 and December 2008, recorded by 187 broadband stations temporarily deployed in the NNCC region, have been cross-correlated to obtain estimated fundamental mode Rayleigh wave Greenos functions. Using the frequency and time analysis technique based on continuous wavelet transformation, we measured 3 667 Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion curves. High-resolution phase velocity maps at periods of 5, 10, 20 and 30 s were reconstructed with grid size 0.25° × 0.25°, which reveal lateral heterogeneity of shear wave structure in the crust and upper mantle of NNCC. For periods shorter than 10 s, the phase velocity variations are well correlated with the principal geological units in the NNCC, with low-speed anomalies corresponding to the major sedimentary basins and high-speed anomalies coinciding with the main mountain ranges. Within the period range from 20 s to 30 s, high phase velocity observed in eastern NCC is coincident with the thin crust, whereas low phase velocities imaged in central NCC is correlated to the thick crust. However, the low-velocity anomaly in the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region displayed in the 20 s and 30 s phase maps may be associated with fluids. 相似文献
14.
Velocity structure of the upper mantle of the East European platform according to seismic noise data
T. Yu. Koroleva T. B. Yanovskaya S. S. Patrusheva 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2010,46(10):839-848
Cross-correlation functions of noise are constructed on 119 interstation paths from seismic noise records at stations of Eastern Europe. Dispersion curves of the group velocity of Rayleigh waves obtained from the cross-correlation functions are used for constructing the three-dimensional distribution of the velocity of transverse waves on the East European platform and in adjacent regions by methods of surface-wave tomography. The mean velocity in the crust is minimum in the region of the Caspian depression and Black Sea basin (<3.3 km/s) and maximum in the Baltic shield area (>3.7 km/s). The upper mantle beneath the Baltic and Ukrainian shields is characterized by increased velocity and the absence of the asthenospheric layer. Reduced velocities are noted in the upper mantle of the Black Sea basin. A low-velocity anomaly in the shape of a vertical column is revealed at depths of 200–300 km in the central part of the Dnieper-Donets aulacogen, which confirms the existence of a paleorift in this region. 相似文献
15.
根据横跨中国境内天山的库车—奎屯宽频带流动地震台阵和区域地震台网记录的近震和远震P波走时数据，利用地震层析成像方法重建了沿该地震台阵剖面下方400 km深度范围内地壳上地幔的P波速度结构.结果表明：沿新疆库车—奎屯剖面，天山地壳具有明显的横向分块结构，且南、北天山地壳显示了较为强烈的横向变形特征，表明塔里木地块对天山地壳具有强烈的侧向挤压作用；在塔里木和准噶尔地块上地幔顶部有厚度约60～90 km的高速异常体，塔里木—南天山下方的高速异常体产生了较为明显的弯曲变形，而准噶尔—北天山下方的高速异常体向南一直俯冲到中天山南侧边界下方300 km的深度，两者形成了不对称对冲构造；在塔里木和准噶尔地块下方150～400 km深度存在上地幔低速体，其中塔里木地块一侧的上地幔低速物质上涌到南天山地块的下方；在塔里木—南天山200～300 km深度范围的上地幔存在高速异常体，它可能是地幔热物质向上迁移过程融断的塔里木岩石圈的拆离体. 上述结果表明，塔里木地块的俯冲可能涉及整个岩石圈深度，但其前缘仅限于南天山的北缘；青藏高原隆升的远程效应可能不但驱动塔里木岩石圈向北俯冲，同时还造成天山造山带南侧上地幔物质的涌入；天山造山带上地幔广泛存在的低速异常有助于其上地幔的变形，而上地幔物质的强烈非均匀性应有助于推动天山造山带上地幔小尺度地幔对流的形成；根据研究区地壳上地幔速度结构特征推断，新近纪以来天山快速隆升的主要力源来自青藏高原快速隆升的远程效应，相对软弱的上地幔为加速天山造山带的变形和隆升创造了必要条件. 相似文献
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本文根据102个数字化台站记录的长周期垂直向面波资料,利用双台互相关方法测量了538条独立路径的基阶Rayleigh面波相速度频散资料,反演获得了中国大陆及边邻地区（70°E～140°E,18°N～55°N）20～120 s（周期间隔为5 s） 共21个周期的Rayleigh波相速度空间分布图像. 检测板测试结果显示中国大陆中东部地区横向分辨率可达3°,而西部及边邻地区大约5°. 研究表明,中国大陆地区的Rayleigh波相速度分布横向差异显著,大致以104°E为界,可分成具有不同速度结构特征的东、西两部分. 一般较短周期（20～35 s）的相速度分布受地形和地壳厚度的影响较大,总体表现为东部速度高,西部速度低;塔里木盆地、青藏地块及其东缘的松潘-甘孜地块形成整个研究区内最为突出的低速异常体,蒙古西部低速特征也较清晰;东部的四川盆地、扬子地块、华南地块、松辽盆地、日本海及蒙古东部高速特征明显. 随着周期的增大,青藏地块中部的低速异常体横向尺度逐渐缩小,而喜马拉雅冲断带、塔里木盆地相速度不断升高,意味着青藏低速区受到南、西北、东三个方向的高速区夹击,可能导致高原中部软弱的低速物质向东南方向迁移;同时,东部地区由高速逐渐转变为大面积的低速分布,反映东部地区岩石圈较薄而软流圈发育. 随着青藏地块低速特征的减弱,印支地块北部及相邻海域、东海、东北吉林深震区、日本海、中-朝地块至蒙古东部成为120 s周期上突出的低速异常体,而上扬子地块包括四川盆地高速特征依然明显,显示出稳定的古板块特征. 南北地震带始终呈现出相对较低的速度特征,并成为划分中国大陆具有不同岩石圈相速度特征的东部与西部的天然分界. 相似文献
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Rayleigh wave phase velocity tomography and strong earthquake activity on the southeastern front of the Tibetan Plateau 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
To investigate the relationship between velocity structure and earthquake activity on the southeastern front of the Tibetan Plateau, we make use of continuous observations of seismic ambient noise data obtained at 55 broadband stations from the regional Yunnan Seismic Network. These data are used to compute Rayleigh wave Green's Functions by cross-correlating between two stations, extracting phase velocity dispersion curves, and finally inverting to image Rayleigh wave phase velocity with periods between 5 and 34 s by ambient noise tomography. The results show significant lateral variations in crustal and uppermost mantle structures in the studied region. Phase velocity anomalies at short periods(5–12 s) are closely related to regional tectonic features such as sediment thickness and the depth of the crystalline basement. The Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block, enclosed by the Honghe, Xiaojiang and Jianchuan faults, emerges as a large range of low-velocity anomalies at periods of 16–26 s, that inverts to high-velocity anomalies at periods of 30–34 s. The phase velocity variation in the vicinity of the Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block suggests that the low-velocity anomaly area in the middle-lower crust may correspond to lower crustal channelized flow of the Tibetan Plateau. The spatial distribution of strong earthquakes since 1970 reveals that the Yunnan region is inhomogeneous and shows prominent characteristics of block motion. However, earthquakes mostly occur in the upper crust, with the exception of the middle-Yunnan block where earthquakes occur at the interface zone between high and low velocity as well as in the low-velocity zones, with magnitudes being generally less than 7. There are few earthquakes of magnitude 5 at the depths of 15–30 km, where gather earthquakes of magnitude 7 or higher ones which mainly occur in the interface zone between high and low velocities with others extending to the high-velocity abnormal zone. 相似文献
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天山造山带作为世界上陆内最大的造山带之一,现今地震活动频繁,造山运动强烈,是开展陆内造山和内陆地震活动研究的天然试验场.本文利用整个天山造山带地区国内及国际台网的108个地震台站连续三年的背景噪声资料,提取了8~50 s周期的瑞利面波相速度频散曲线,并构建了整个天山造山带地区的二维瑞利面波相速度与方位各向异性分布图像.结果表明：浅部结构与地表的地质构造单元具有较大的相关性.低波速异常主要分布于沉积层厚度较大的盆地地区,而高波速异常主要分布于构造活动比较活跃的山脉地区.东天山地区中下地壳存在比较弱的低波速异常,而塔里木盆地和准噶尔盆地汇聚边缘的上地幔区域则表现为明显的高波速异常,各向异性快波方向呈现近NS向的特征,暗示着塔里木盆地和准噶尔盆地的岩石圈已经俯冲至东天山的下方.中天山地区的中下地壳至上地幔区域均呈现为明显的低波速异常,且各向异性快波方向变化比较复杂,表明中天山地区的整个岩石圈结构已经弱化,热物质上涌可能对介质的方位各向异性有一定的影响.西天山及帕米尔高原的上地幔区域存在低波速异常,各向异性表现为NW-SE方向,可能与欧亚板块的大陆岩石圈南向俯冲有关.塔里木盆地内部存在相对弱的低波速异常,推测塔里木盆地可能已经受到上涌的地幔热物质的侵蚀和破坏. 相似文献
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青藏高原是全球造山带研究的热点地区,此前在青藏高原开展的三维层析成像研究大多基于线性反演方法.本文利用青藏高原东缘及邻区布设的127个宽频带固定地震台站记录的连续波形资料,首先通过噪声互相关提取了3～50sRayleigh波群速度频散曲线并反演得到群速度分布,再进一步采用模拟退火法反演了研究区的三维S波速度及泊松比结构.结果显示:(1)松潘—甘孜地块的中下地壳低速异常主要分布在龙日坝断裂带、鲜水河断裂带、龙门山断裂带和岷山隆起所围限的区域,而该区域的中下地壳仅具有中等泊松比值,推测松潘—甘孜地块中下地壳的低速物质可能是青藏高原与扬子块体长期相互作用产生的塑性低速滑脱层;上地壳脆性物质在板块作用下沿中地壳低速滑脱层顶界面发生逆冲增厚,造成龙门山的持续抬升和地形起伏,并在构造边界带形成了应变积累和应力集中;而龙门山断裂带的上地壳低速软弱物质为地壳发生破裂提供了有利条件,从而在某种程度上促进了汶川地震和芦山地震的发生.(2)岷山隆起一带中下地壳的高泊松比异常呈"凸起"形态,结合前人研究发现的较高热流和岩石快速抬升现象,推测岷山隆起一带可能存在岩石圈的拆沉,导致地幔热物质上涌而形成下地壳高泊松比物质.(3)川滇地块的北部和南部具有不同的S波速度和泊松比分布特征.30km深度下川滇地块北部具有明显的低速异常,而该深度下并不具有明显的高泊松比值特征;此外剖面成像结果也显示川滇地块内的低速异常与高泊松比的分布不一致,因此川滇地块的研究结果不支持下地壳流模型.综合其他地震学证据,本文认为川滇地块的变形模式为上地壳纯剪切增厚,块体变形主要受块体内部的走滑断裂及活动边界断裂控制. 相似文献
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利用中国西部地震台网的数据,通过体波层析成像反演了青藏高原及邻域的三维P波速度结构.根据地壳和上地幔的速度变化和构造特征,重点讨论了下地壳流动、地幔上涌、岩石圈减薄以及与藏北新生代火山岩和藏南裂谷系的关系等问题.分析表明,青藏高原中、下地壳平均速度偏低,低速区主要分布在拉萨和羌塘块体内部,随着深度的增加逐渐扩大到松潘—甘孜块体.上述低速区之间多被高速带分隔,暗示地壳中、下部的韧性变形被限制在特定的区域,不太适于产生贯穿整个青藏高原的大规模横向流动.此外,地幔上涌也并非普遍发生于整个青藏高原,而是集中在羌塘、松潘—甘孜以及喜马拉雅东构造结附近,导致上述区域的岩石圈地幔较薄,并且伴生火山活动和岩浆作用.此外,由于印度大陆岩石圈在向北俯冲,板片下沉过程中引起地幔上涌,热流物质有可能上升进入地壳,这一作用对藏北新生代火山岩和藏南裂谷系的形成以及中、下地壳的韧性变形产生了明显的影响. 相似文献