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1.
Zhou Bengang 《中国地震研究》2004,18(2):200-211
Through the statistical analysis of earthquake distribution along 51 strike-slip active fault segments on the Chinese continent, we found that strong earthquake distribution along the seismogenic fault segments is inhomogeneons and the distribution probability density p (K) canbe stated as p(K)=1.1206e^3.947k^2 in which K = S/(L/2), S refers to the distance from earthquake epicenter to the center of a fault segment, L is the length of the fault segment. The above model can be utilized to modify the probability density of earthquake occurrence of the maximum magnitude interval in apotential earth quake source. Nevertheless, it is only suitable for thosepotential earthquake sources delineated along a single seismogenic fault. This inhomogeneons model has certain effects on seismic risk assessment, especially for those potential earthquake sources with higher earthquakerates of the maximum magnitude interval. In general, higher reoccurrence rate of the maximum magnitude interval and lower exceeding probability level may bring larger difference of the results in seismic risk analysis by adopting the inhomogeneons model, the PGA values increase inner the potential earthquake source, but reduce near the vicinity and out of the potential earthquake source. Taking the Tangyin potential earthquake source as an example, with exceeding probability of 10% and 2% in 50 years, the difference of the PGA values between inhomogeneons model and homogenous models can reach 12 %. 相似文献
2.
By using the technique for evolutionary power spectrum proposed by Nakayama and with reference to the Kameda formula, an evolutionary spectrum prediction model for given earthquake magnitude and distance is established based on the 80 near-source acceleration records at rock surface with large magnitude from the ground motion database of western U.S.. Then a new iteration method is developed for generation of random accelerograms non-stationary both in amplitude and frequency which are compatible with target evolutionary spectrum. The phase spectra of those simulated accelerograms are also non-stationary in time and frequency domains since the interaction between amplitude and phase angle has been considered during the generation. Furthermore, the sign of the phase spectrum increment is identified to accelerate the iteration. With the proposed statistical model for predicting evolutionary power spectra and the new method for generating compatible time history, the artificial random earthquake accelerograms non-stationary both in amplitude and frequency for certain magnitude and distance can be provided. 相似文献
3.
Vertical coseismic deformation on non-causative fault caused by remote strong earthquakes(epicentral distance≥1500 km,MS≥7.0)are observed by fault-monitoring instruments of new type during recent two years.The monitor-ing result shows,delay time,maximum amplitude and duration of vertical deformation on the non-causative faulthave remarkable close relationship with earthquakes magnitude and epicentral distance.The delay time of verticalcoseismic deformation have positive linear relationship with epicentral distance.The velocity of coseismic defor-mation is 5.5 km/s,close to the velocity of surface wave in granite.The logarithms of maximum amplitude of co-seismic deformation and epicentral distance have remarkable linear relationship with magnitude.The greater themagnitude and the closer the epicentral distance are,the bigger the maximum amplitude of coseismic deformationon non-causative fault will be.Relative to the epicentral distance,the magnitude is the most important factor to theduration of coseismic vertical deformation on the non-causative fault.Stronger earthquake causes longer vibrationduration of coseismic deformation.The experiential equation of co-seismic deformation faults obtained by thiswork is significant on the coseismic deformation research. 相似文献
4.
Using the records of 3,069 regional earthquake events from the Fujian Digital Seismic Network from October 2008 to December 2015,in which the magnitude of each of the events was measured by at least six stations,statistics are taken on the deviation between the magnitude of a single station and the average magnitude of the network. It is found that the magnitudes average deviation of each station is-0. 31-0. 68. Statistics are also taken for the period corresponding to the maximum amplitude of the record measured in each station for calculating the magnitude,and the dominant period gained is 0. 06s-0. 38s; site response of each seismic station is inverted using the Moya method,and it is found that the site response of 98 stations is in the bands of 1-20 Hz,suggesting that the site has an amplifying or suppressing effect on the signals in certain frequency bands;Considering the site response corresponding to the inherent 0. 8s period of the WoodAnderson pendulum seismograph,and comparing the magnitude deviation caused by the site response corresponding to the dominant period time of each station with the average magnitude deviation, we obtain that there is a good linear relationship between the magnitude deviation from the dominant period site response and the average deviation of the magnitude of each station,indicating that the magnitude deviation of a single station has a close relationship with the site response of the period corresponding to the maximum amplitude measured for calculating the magnitude. 相似文献
5.
Based on fracture mechanics,a large amount of practically observed data are analyzed in this paper,and it is disclosed that the earth resistivity stations around the epicenter of a strong event have shown seismically an anomalous earth resistivity suddenly changed sequence.The maximum sudden change in the sequence tends to shift backward with the increase of epicentral distance,while it shifts forward with the increase of the magnitude of the earthquake.Also,the maximum sudden change expands from the epicenter to the peripheral areas.The result of study has shown that the obviousness degree of the anomalies is related to the measuring direction.The lithological contrast around the stations also influences the time of the anomaly occurrence.The maximum sudden change of the sequence will be advanced while the rock resistance to pressure is not good.On the basis of these findings,the authors propose that it might be possible to predict the three key elements of forthcoming earthquakes by using the suddenly 相似文献
6.
It is proposed that some possible macroseismic epicenters can be determined quickly from the relationship that the microseismic epicenters located by instruments bear with faults.Based on these so-called macroseismic epicenters,we can make fast seismic hazard estimation after a shock by use of the empirical distribution model of seismic intensity.In comparison with the method that uses the microseismic epicenters directly,this approach can increase the preccision of fast seismic hazard estimation.Statistical analysis of 133 main earthquakes in China was made.The result shows that the deviation distance between the microseismic epicenter and macroseismic epicenter falls within the range of 35km for 88% earthquakes of the total and within the range of 35to 75km for the remaining ones.Then,we can take the area that has the microseismic epicenter as its center and is 35km in radius as the area for emphatic analysis,and take the area within 75km around the microseismic epicenter as the area for general analysis.The relation between the 66 earthquake cases on the N-S Seismic Belt in China and the spatial distribution characteristics of faults and the results of focal mechanism solution were analyzed in detail.We know from the analysis that the error of instrumental epicenter determination is not the only factor that gives effects to the deviation of the macroseismic epicenter.In addiditon to it,the fault size,fault distribution,fault activity,fault intersection types,earthquake magnitude,etc,are also main affecting factors.By sorting out ,processing and analyzing these affecting factors,the principle and procedures for quickly determining the possible position of the macroseismic epicenter were set up.Taking these as a basis and establishing a nationwide database of faults that contains relevant factors,it is possible to apply this method in practical fast estimation of seismic hazard. 相似文献
7.
For earthquake and tsunami early warning and emergency response,the earthquake epicenter and magnitude should be determined rapidly and correctly.Using high-rate GPS observations,we can readily obtain precise and high resolution displacement time series and the seismic waveforms during the earthquake.In this paper,a new algorithm is proposed for estimating the earthquake epicenter and magnitude with the seismic waveforms derived from high-rate GPS data during the earthquake.A case study of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake is conducted from 1 Hz GPS data and the epicenter and magnitude are determined.Compared with the results issued by the China Seismological Bureau,the estimation error of the epicenter and the magnitude is about 12 km and 0.1 magnitude unit,respectively.It has shown that high-rate GPS could be a new tool feasible for estimating the earthquake epicenter and magnitude,independent of or combined with seismometers. 相似文献
8.
This paper evaluates different characteristics for earthquake early warning.The scaling relationships between magnitude,epicenter distance and calculated parameters are derived from earthquake event data from USGS.The standard STA/LTA method is modified by adding two new parameters to eliminate the effects of the spike-type noise and small pulsetype noise ahead of the onset of the P-wave.After the detection of the P-wave,the algorithm extracts 12 kinds of parameters from the first 3 seconds of the P-wave.Then stepwise regression analysis of these parameters is performed to estimate the epicentral distance and magnitude.Six different parameters are selected to estimate the epicentral distance,and the median error for all 419 estimates is 16.5 km.Four parameters are optimally combined to estimate the magnitude,and the mean error for all events is 0.0 magnitude units,with a standard deviation of 0.5.Finally,based on the estimation results,additional work is proposed to improve the accuracy of the results. 相似文献
9.
Statistical Research on S-Wave Incident Angle 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
《中国地震研究》1994,(1)
In this paper,the following assumptions are made:1) seismic source is a point one;2) the near-fieid.seismic waves are body ones:3) the medium of the earth is a half-space which is homogeneous and elastic.Yccording to the above-mentioned assumptions,this paper obtains a theoretical formula to estimate S-wave incident angle by using the record of strong ground motion.During the process of calculations,the paper also presents a method of getting in-plane and inti-plane motions from the record of strong ground motion.By making use of 214 records of strong ground motion in the western America,this paper gives a statistical relation among S-wave incident angle,epicentral distance and frequency.The results show that the average value of S-wave incident angle is about 57,and has little to do with the epicentral distance. 相似文献
10.
Yang Zhixian Zhang PeizhenInstitute of Crustal Dynamics SSB Beijing China Institute of Geology SSB Beijing China 《中国地震研究》1998,(1)
We compile a regional catalogue of earthquakes with moment magnitude of the Center-Southern Asia test area(20°-35°N,85°-105°E)for the Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program(GSHAP).There are significant inhomogeneous and uncompleted data,and n uniformity of earthquake magnitudes in this test area because this region is situated on the boundaries of many countries,such as China,India,Nepal,Vietnam,etc.We establish a relationship between Gutenberg surface-wave magnitude and IASPEI surface-wave magnitude,which can be used for conversion of different magnitude scales into moment magnitude for this catalogue.A catalogue of events with Mw≥6.0 of this test area is given at the end of this paper. 相似文献
11.
渤海地区地震参数的修定 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
本文介绍了一种横向不均匀介质中地震参数的修定方法。该方法以渤海及其邻区地壳、上地幔结构的最新成果为基础构造速度模型,集中起可利用的渤海周边地区的山东、河北,北京和辽宁等台网的资料,统一修定了近年来渤海及其邻区598个地震的震源参数。所有地震都给出了震源深度并且讨论了地震定位的精度。文中给出了近年来渤海内M_L≥4.0级的地震震源参数修定结果,讨论了该区震源深度分布的特征。 相似文献
12.
2003年9月27日俄蒙中边界7.9级地震的中期预测及其重要意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
2003年9月27日在俄罗斯(靠近蒙古、中国边界)发生了7．9级地震。作者在两年前对俄蒙中边界7．9级地震作过中期预测，预测意见和这一巨震的比较表明：这一预测是成功的，预测的依据是清楚和明了的。这显示了12个8级左右巨震的空间有序图象。6对对应地震的迁移速度(v)的平均值为14．50km/a，6个v值的变化范围在10—22km/a之内。从而提出：在地壳深处(甚至上地幔上部)可能存在一种巨型结构，它在控制着这些巨震的有序和重复迁移。 相似文献
13.
日本兵库县南部地震灾害及其启示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文叙述了日本兵库县南部地震的灾害特点，分析了灾害严重的原因及地震灾害以对政治、社会、经济、科学研究的影响，总结了应汲取的经验和教训。 相似文献
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15.
地震前兆观测异常信号识别是前兆研究的基础,但是前兆现象的识别始终存有较大争议,从前兆观测系统,环境影响因素,观测量自身物理规律,前兆特征和数据处理方法等方面分析了前兆识别中存在的客观困难和局限性,文中提出了一些观点,希冀通过对存在问题的客观认识,寻求在当前认识水平和条件下地震前兆研究的途径。 相似文献
16.
福建地区地倾斜中短期前兆异常识别及映震效果初探 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
对福建地区10年来的倾斜资料，统一用调和分析、差分分析、卡尔曼滤波和最大相关系数方法进行系统处理，提取异常信息，统计分析它们与该地区MS5级以上地震的关系，并对这几种方法进行评价。结果是：地倾斜固体潮M2波γ因子异常与地震的对应率为46％(P=54％)，差分分析方法识别的异常与地震对应率为23％(P=42％)，卡尔曼滤波方法识别的异常与地震的对应率为30％(P=34％)，最大相关系数分析方法识别的异常与地震对应率为19％(P=37％)。 相似文献
17.
回顾了我国 30多年来的地震现场震情监视预报工作。该工作从目标角度考虑大致可分为二个不同的阶段, 1980年前主要是地震预报方法的探索, 而 1980年以后,更主要的是承担地震预报的社会服务。对我国赴国外地震现场的工作情况作了概述, 并提出了地震现场震情监视预报工作的可能前景。 相似文献
18.
建立了含有母体岩石、硬包体和随机分布的小裂纹的三维有限元模型，计算了包体和各层实体中的应力分布. 利用最高应力破裂准则、释放破裂单元刚度生与死的方法，模拟强震前岩石的破裂和小震的空间分布特征. 结果表明，文中三种模型都显示出强震前在孕震体即包体附近出现了高应力集中单元. 它们是形成小震空区、条带和地震空间丛集图像的基础. 随机裂纹的存在，有利于在孕震体（包体）外的裂纹端部应力集中，先发生小震，形成包围孕震包体的前兆地震活动图像，而包体中的应力逐渐增加，为发生强震提供了条件. 包体的形状和几何位置是影响强震前兆地震活动图像形态的重要因素. 引入材料的黏弹性，导致了其中应力随时间迅速减小和弹性层某些部位应力随时间的增加. 但在本文设定的构造模型框架和介质参数下，下层黏弹性的存在对上层母体的应力随时间的增加影响不大. 相似文献
19.
地震是造成人员死亡最严重的自然灾害之一,震后对人员死亡等灾情的快速评估是地震应急响应和救援的关键。总结经验发现,在地震前进行预评估工作是提高震后灾情快速评估精度和时效性的有效手段。通过对62次发生在我国西南地区的历史震例分析后发现,当地震震级小于4.5级时,基本不会造成人员死亡情况。本研究利用我国云南和四川部分区县的实地调研数据,发现地震人员死亡数与震级存在指数函数关系,由此构建了针对各个区县的地震人员死亡人数指数函数估算模型,并计算了回归系数。基于该模型,获得了5.0～8.0级地震人员死亡数查找表(以0.5级为间隔),用于辅助震后快速评估工作。 相似文献
20.
1989年至1999年10a间在山西大同一阳高连续发生了3次中强地震，这是地震预报实用化攻关后，我国大陆地区发生的几次较大地震。叙述了大同一阳高地震的震害评估、应急救灾及其对我国防震减灾工作的贡献。指出，大同一阳高地震为我国开展震害损失评估、地震应急救灾、重建家园及有关法规法律的制订等工作积累了经验、打下了基础。 相似文献