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GPR探测地埋管径研究综述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用无损探测技术来获取地下目标物的信息是当前研究的热点,探地雷达作为一种重要的工具及技术,已广泛应用在地埋管道直径的无损探测中,准确快速测定地埋管的直径,在理论研究与实际应用中都具有重要意义.本文在综合分析电磁波在介质中传播的基本特征和目标回波双曲线特征的基础上,讨论了用探地雷达无损探测技术来获取地埋管的直径特征参数的可行性;介绍了国内外目前主流的探地雷达设备,及相关学者在管径探测方面的研究进展;在国内外典型实例剖析的基础上,介绍分析了不同发展时期探地雷达测定地埋管管径的原理及测定方法;接着对地埋管径无损探测研究工作当前存在的问题进行总结.最后指出,地埋管探测的研究工作,应着眼于实现硬件轻便化、软件专业化、数据处理模型的智能化,才能更好的在实践中加以应用. 相似文献
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探地雷达GPR正演模拟的时域有限差分实现 总被引：1，自引：13，他引：1
近年来，随着数字处理技术和电子技术的飞速发展，探地雷达（GPR）的实际应用范围迅速扩大，现已覆盖考古、矿产资源勘探、水文地质调查、岩土勘查、无损检测、工程建筑物结构调查、军事等众多领域，解决了很多工程实际问题，成为浅层勘探的有力工具.而探地雷达的理论研究与实际的应用相比，具有明显的滞后性.但是解释人员要达到精确地对探地雷达实际资料的进行解析，必须事先了解地质体的雷达反射剖面的特征，所以作为反演与解释基础的复杂地电模型的探地雷达正演模拟技术，就成了探地雷达理论研究的主要内容之一.本文以麦克斯韦两个旋度方程为基本出发点，运用K.S.Yee的空间网格模型理论和时域有限差分法的基本原理，推导出二维空间的探地雷达正演方程组，并详细地分析了差分格式中半空间步长与半时间步长的实现方法，及其雷达波电场与磁场分量在计算机上相互关系的C程序实现.然后讨论了数值频散关系及其产生原因，通过同时考虑时域有限差分法及Yee氏网格的特点，推导出了符合探地雷达实际传播规律的理想频散关系，作者自制了探地雷达正演程序，并分别计算了Mur超吸收边界条件及无边界条件下的雷达地电模型，通过对比可知，超吸收边界条件可利用，大大地减少截断边界处的干扰波，达到用有限区域达到在无限空间传播的效果.最后作者利用自制程序，对“V”字形和同一斜面上的五个圆的两个典型的探地雷达地电模型进行了正演模拟，得到了正演剖面图，消除了边界反射后的雷达剖面能很好地指导工作人员对雷达实测剖面的地质解释，同时使正演研究更符合实际的地质情况. 相似文献
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在分析核电站防波堤常见安全隐患及其产生机理的基础上,采用目前较为先进的探地雷达检测技术,对实际的堤防进行模拟检测,探究探地雷达检测防波堤的适用性和准确性.分析表明,探地雷达作为一种无损检测方法对防波堤的检测是可行的,且检测准确度满足实际工程的要求,可以用于核电站海堤的日常安全检测和维修加固后的成果检验. 相似文献
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探地雷达(GPR)是浅表地球物理科学技术中的一项重要手段.其重要性体现在它的应用广泛性和有效性.在工程检测、环境保护、文物考古、灾害救援、反恐安检、资源勘探、水文水利等科学技术领域中探地雷达都在发挥着其他手段无法取代的重要作用.关于探地雷达发展历史、基本系统及原理、信号处理与成像等方面的综述性文章已经很多.本文将重点评述作为浅表地球物理观测技术重要手段的探地雷达在几个基础地学与工程技术领域中的应用.这些方面包括沙漠中高大沙丘的内部结构与形成机理,永久冻土的现状探测与演化预测,民用基础设施(公路、桥梁、大坝、堤防)内部或地基内空洞及软弱带的检测,以及地震灾害现场生命探测与救援.本文还将用一定篇幅评述探地雷达技术的变异形式(如钻孔雷达、探月雷达).评述将结合观测实例,尤其是在中国大陆的实例.最后将就探地雷达技术现存的问题及发展方向提出个人见解.需要强调的是,尽管本文以探地雷达的科研应用为主题,浅表地球物理科技成果在各个领域的成功应用绝对不可能倚赖任何单一手段或方法.所有成功的实例都证明一定要强调某一方法为主,其他手段为辅,多手段、多方法的有效配合,才有可能最大程度的减小探测结果的非唯一性,提高准确度和精确度. 相似文献
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随着铁路货运量的不断增大和列车的提速,针对铁路路基出现的病害进行快捷的检测方面的需求逐渐加强.探地雷达是一种无损高效的检测手段,但其应用于铁路路基探测中,其探测记录易受轨枕等介质的强干扰反射所湮没.为了更准确地实现探地雷达在铁路路基检测中的应用,提出了一种针对轨枕等高频噪声的方便、快捷、自适应的压制算法,降低了人工解译方法的低效率和主观性.本文首先介绍了经验模态分解原理及实现方法并对铁路路基病害建模获得探地雷达仿真数据,提取探地雷达仿真信号同一采样点上不同扫描道的数据组成一维信号,将一维信号进行经验模态分解并对固有模态函数重构,分析高频信号消除效果.其次,对探地雷达仿真数据所有采样点依次行经验模态分解并对固有模态函数重构从而压制轨枕等的高频噪声.最后,将车载雷达实测数据进行经验模态分解压制噪声,得到了压制强噪声后的雷达图像.处理结果表明:车载雷达原始数据经过经验模态分解的压制噪声处理后,干扰信号被降低,提高路基病害的弱反射信号的信噪比.因此,经验模态分解能压制轨枕等强干扰信息,便于铁路路基病害的识别. 相似文献
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为探明路基中隐藏病害的类型和空间位置,应用探地雷达方法对公路路基质量进行了无损检测.在地层介质强衰减和噪声干扰作用下,探地雷达信号存在信噪比低、深部复杂目标体难以识别的问题.针对探地雷达路基实测信号非线性和非平稳的特点,采用信号均衡和希尔伯特-黄变换相结合的方法,首先对数据进行均衡处理以突出深层弱信号,在此基础上对单道信号进行经验模态分解以获得固有模态函数,通过希尔伯特变换对固有模态函数的瞬态属性特征进行分析,进而将希尔伯特-黄变换应用于整个探地雷达的数据剖面,最后通过综合对比瞬时振幅剖面和瞬时相位剖面对探测结果进行了分析和解释.结果 表明,信号均衡可以有效缓解深部信号衰减问题,基于希尔伯特.黄变换可以从多属性参数角度对探地雷达信号进行处理与解释,可以较好的识别异常体的位置和属性信息,提高了探地雷达解释结果的可靠性. 相似文献
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探讨了探地雷达检测高速公路路面厚度的物理前提,并根据我国公路工程建设的实际情况,建立了高等级公路路面结构地球物理模型.系统地介绍了雷达检测路面厚度的方法原理,并对检测中技术参数的选择,如:采样频率、时窗、检测速度进行了详细的说明.介绍了自制的高速公路路面厚度雷达探测解释系统各个模块,如:数据预处理中的时、空域滤波,偏移等方法,并总结面层与基层的反射波三个重要特征,为辅助计算机自动识别反射波打下基础.应用SIR-3000型探地雷达于益常高速公路路面厚度交工验收检测中,通过55个钻孔抽样对比表明,雷达检测能很好地达到了评价路面厚度的目的,为工程质量评价提供了可靠的科学依据. 相似文献
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In this paper, the changes in sediment transport over 51 years from 1955 to 2006 in the Kuye River in the Loess Plateau in China are assessed. Key factors affecting sediment yield and sediment transport, such as precipitation depth, discharge, and human activities are studied. To investigate the changes in sediment yield in this watershed, a trend analysis on sediment concentration, precipitation depth, and discharge is conducted. Precipitation depths at 2 Climate Stations （CSs）, as well as discharge and sediment transport at 3 Gauging Stations （GSs） are used to assess the features of sediment transport in the Kuye River. The rtmoff modulus （defined as the annual average discharge per unit area, L/（s·km^2）） and the sediment transport modulus （defined as the annual suspended sediment transport per unit area, t/（yr km^2）） are introduced in this study to assess the changes in runoff and sediment yield for this watershed. The results show that the highest average monthly discharge during the study period in the Kuye River is 66.23 m^3/s in August with an average monthly sediment concentration of 88.9 kg/m^3. However, the highest average monthly sediment concentration during the study period in the Kuye River is 125.34 kg/m^3 and occurs in July, which has an average discharge of 42.6 m^3/s that is much less than the average monthly discharge in August. It is found that both the runoff modulus and sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS on the Kuye River has a clear downward trend. During the summer season from July to August, the sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS is much higher than those at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs on the Yellow River. The easily erodible loess in the Kuye River watershed and the sparse vegetation are responsible for the extremely high sediment yield from the Kuye River watershed. The analyses of the grain size distribution of suspended load in the Kuye River are presented. The average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Kuye River is largest in February and then decreases until June. In July, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load approaches another peak and decreases until September. Then, the median grain size of suspended load starts to increase until February of the following year. However, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Yellow River at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs is the smallest between early summer and late fall The median grain size in the Yellow River starts to increase in November and approaches the largest size in January. 相似文献
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Observations of trace gases (SO2, NH3, NO2 and O3) were made during the period 1981 to 1984 at 6 different locations representative of urban industrial, urban, nonurban, thermal power plant and marine environment. Diurnal variations of the trace gases were studied in an urban environment. Except in the urban industrial environment, the concentration of NH3 was found in the range of background values. Also, the average concentrations of NO2 and O3 at the different environments were in the order of background values. However, the concentrations of SO2 were substantially higher by about 7 times, in urban industrial and thermal power plant environments. The diurnal variations of SO2, NH3 and NO2 showed anitphase relationship with surface temperature at the urban environment station which is relatively free of industrial pollution. Discussion is centred on trace gas variations in different environments in India together with the values reported for various countries in the world. 相似文献
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Ingvar B. Fridleifsson 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1978,117(1-2):242-252
In an active spreading area like Iceland, where the regional geothermal gradient is in the range 50–150°C/km, it is normally not a problem to find high enough temperature with deep drilling, but the difficulties arise with finding permeable layers at depth within the strata. Various volcanological methods can be applied in the search for aquifers and geothermal reservoir rocks. The flow pattern (as deduced from deuterium studies) indicates that the thermal water flows preferentially along high porosity stratiform horizons and dyke swarms from the recharge areas in the highlands to the hot spring areas in the lowlands. The primary porosity of the volcanic strata is dependent on the chemical composition and the mode of eruption of the volcanic units. Both the reservoir rocks and the flow channels forming the geothermal plumbing system are thought to vary from the Tertiary to the Quaternary provinces due to environmental conditions at the eruptive sites. 相似文献
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3He/4He ratios up to 3.5 times the ratio of atmospheric He were found in groundwater samples. The3He enrichment can be attributed to radiogenic3He produced by in-situ beta-decay of3H. This shows that tritiogenic3He is accumulating in confined waters. From tritiogenic3He and3H concentrations, ages of groundwaters can be calculated. Detection of tritiogenic3He gives a tool to trace a tritium contamination which occurred in the past and cannot be assessed only by the3H counting method. 相似文献
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The aim of this study is to estimate likely changes in flood indices under a future climate and to assess the uncertainty in these estimates for selected catchments in Poland. Precipitation and temperature time series from climate simulations from the EURO-CORDEX initiative for the periods 1971–2000, 2021–2050 and 2071–2100 following the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios have been used to produce hydrological simulations based on the HBV hydrological model. As the climate model outputs for Poland are highly biased, post processing in the form of bias correction was first performed so that the climate time series could be applied in hydrological simulations at a catchment-scale. The results indicate that bias correction significantly improves flow simulations and estimated flood indices based on comparisons with simulations from observed climate data for the control period. The estimated changes in the mean annual flood and in flood quantiles under a future climate indicate a large spread in the estimates both within and between the catchments. An ANOVA analysis was used to assess the relative contributions of the 2 emission scenarios, the 7 climate models and the 4 bias correction methods to the total spread in the projected changes in extreme river flow indices for each catchment. The analysis indicates that the differences between climate models generally make the largest contribution to the spread in the ensemble of the three factors considered. The results for bias corrected data show small differences between the four bias correction methods considered, and, in contrast with the results for uncorrected simulations, project increases in flood indices for most catchments under a future climate. 相似文献
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This paper briefly summarizes the works in the processing of strong ground motion data, the factors affecting strong ground motion, the modeling of strong ground motion and the calculating of broad-band response spectrum which have been done recent years by engineering seismologists and seismologists of China. In addition, we think back to the international cooperation in strong ground motion of the recent years and make some expectations for the future. 相似文献