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1.
瓦斯突出是当前影响我国煤矿安全生产的主要因素之一.由于不同性质的煤层其瓦斯突出的可能性不同,原生煤具有低瓦斯炙出可能性,构造煤瓦斯突出可能性较大,而具有软分层特征的构造煤其瓦斯突出的可能性极高.由于不同性质煤层间的岩性差异较大,构造煤的泊松比要比原生煤的泊松比大0.1～0.2.因此,不同煤层与其顶、底板岩性差异不同,从而其顶、底板反射波的AVO曲线存在较大差异.从而可以通过AVO分析技术探测瓦斯突出可能性较高的构造煤的分布,特别是具有软分层特征构的造煤的分布.通过这种方式可以为煤矿安全生产提供第一手的地质资料.但目前AVO技术是以石油工业为基础发展而来的,并不完全适用于煤系地层.通过对煤层顶、底板AVO曲线的对比分析,发现目前常用的AVO近似方程对煤系地层来说精度较低,严重影响AVO分析精度.本文通过对Zoeppritz方程及其主要近似方程的分析对比,提出了一种改进的Hilterman近似方程,从而极大地提高了煤系地层AVO曲线的近似精度,使高精度的煤系地层AVO分析成为可能.另外,通过对构造煤顶、底板AV0曲线的分析,发现构造煤底板反射波较复杂并不适合AVO分析,而其顶板反射波规律性较强有利于AVO分析. 相似文献
2.
利用高精度的浅层地震勘探手段,探测出北京市立水桥附近的黄庄-高丽营隐伏断裂,并进行了地质解释。结果表明北京市立水桥附近区域的浅部速度模型为4层结构。第1层至第2层的介质深度从0～150m,P波速度从800～2000m/s,介质为第四纪或古-新近纪覆盖层;第3层至第4层的介质深度为130～300m,P波速度在2000～2500m/s以上,推测为泥岩、砂岩类的基岩区。黄庄-高丽营隐伏活断裂其浅部由东西2条近似平行、相距1300m、走向N23°E、倾向SE的断裂所组成,西断裂F2倾角22°,东断裂F1倾角67°,在634m深度归结成单条断层,构成分叉状结构;断层上盘埋深101m,下盘埋深109m,断距为8m,为断错T2,T3地层界面、带走滑分量的正断层型 相似文献
3.
石炭-二叠系煤层是鄂尔多斯盆地韩城煤层气田的主力产层,煤层中水的特征对于煤层气富集的研究有着重要的意义．本文通过采集研究区煤层气井的水样,利用加速器质谱仪（AMS）测得地层水中的放射性同位素^129I信息,结合卤素离子浓度和稳定氢氧同位素特征,对石炭-二叠系煤层中水的来源、年龄和演化过程进行了探讨．研究结果表明,煤层中水的矿化度为1532．29-7061．12mg／L,属于中低矿化度水,水型以NaHC03和NaCl水为主,^129I和I／C1值指示其经历了稀释-混合作用．地层水垃^129I/^127I的比值分布在660×10-15-145950×10^-15,多数介于^129I初始值和现今大气降水的^129I水平之间,计算的地层水的年龄为0-18．50Ma．研究区石炭-二叠系煤层中水有两个来源,一部分为古大气降水（中新世）,特征为扣和巧δ^18O值在全球大气降水线下方,低^129I/^127I值;另一部分为现代混合水,特征为较高的^129I/^127I值．结合地质过程,推测地层水经历了沉积水一沉积水、成岩水一古大气降水、现代混合水的演化过程． 相似文献
4.
为了评价贵德盆地深部地热资源远景,使用V8仪器进行了地面大地电磁法和可控源音频大地电磁法工作,首次对贵德盆地深部电性特征和深部地热资源进行评价.查明贵德盆地基底埋深3600 m～4900 m.推断盆地第三系上新统贵德组（上部地层）是浅部热储层,其厚度为370 m;其埋深为530 m.老第三纪渐新统（上部地层）是中部热储层,其厚度为640 m～800 m,其埋深为1810 m～2330 m.侏罗纪、白垩纪地层是深部热储层,其厚度为970 m~1600 m;其埋深为3680 m～4990 m.提出浅部热储层属于盆地型层状热储;中深部热储层属于断裂型带状热储.推断出二条大断裂破碎带. 相似文献
5.
区域红外亮温背景场建立方法及初步应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文主要利用NOAA/AVHRR热红外亮温图像建立活动构造区域亮温背景场的方法, 对背景场建立过程中NOAA图像的几何精校正、 云和干扰噪点、 噪线的去除等关键问题进行了分析, 并提出相应的解决方法。 在此基础上, 利用多年的NOAA卫星资料, 建立了首都圈地区(38°～42°N, 112°～118°E)的旬、 月、 年不同时间尺度上的亮温背景场, 并进行了分析。 结果表明, 首都圈地区的亮温背景场变化主要受季节和地形因素的影响, 时间维上整体表现为夏高冬低的年变特征, 符合季节变化规律; 空间维上总体表现为东南部华北平原区亮温高, 西北部随海拔高程的增加而亮温逐渐降低为特征。 相似文献
6.
一、概况川_(-13)井位于泸州市东风公社,高坝阳50井输气站内(北纬28°53′39″,东经105°29′45″)。井深300.60m,273mm 套管下至6.00m,219～133mm 套管(滤管)下至222.19m。含水层为21.50-152.43m 侏罗系中统上沙溪庙组第二段厚层状、中厚层状细粒砂岩与泥岩互层。水位埋深5.39m。1982年5月开始,采用重庆 SW 相似文献
7.
低熟气及我国典型低熟气田 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
从经典的油气形成理论而言,在有机质的低演化阶段,即令已进入石油的成烃门限,但仍然达不到工业性天然气形成和积聚所需的温度,也就是说,低演化阶段是不会形成具有工业价值的天然气藏的．20世纪80年代基于生产实际的进展,提出了生物-热催化过渡带气和早期热成因气的观点,把工业性天然气的形成聚集的下限延伸到了Ro=0．3％～0．4％,基于腐殖质天然气形成碳同位素分馏的二阶模式将其上限定在了Ro=0．8％～1．0％．根据目前低熟气田的和我国主要煤型气田的实际地质情况将低熟气的上限值定在Ro=0．8％是基本可行的,恰当的．乌连戈依等超大型气田应属低熟气田,它们占全球探明天然气储量的20％以上,充分说明了这种资源类型的重要意义．我国的吐哈盆地天然气探明资源已近1000×10^8m^3,该区主要源岩为侏罗系西山窑组,为一套煤系地层,相应热演化标尺主体Ro≈0．4％～0．8％,甲烷碳同位素主峰群δ^13C1为-44‰-39‰（相应Ro=0．6％-0．8％）,乙烷的主峰群分布在-29‰- -26%之间,应当属于煤型的低熟气,天然气轻烃热演化指数也都落在低演化区,而且轻烃的母质类型也显示为煤型,即地质背景,碳同位素和轻烃指数都有力的证明吐哈盆地探明的天然气为低熟气,按我国300×10^8m^3为大型气田的界定,吐哈盆地低熟气已具有3个大气田的规模,它的存在对我国低熟气的研究和勘探具有重大的意义． 相似文献
8.
武汉地区90%为第四系所覆盖,但目前针对第四纪年代地层的研究严重滞后。文中在武汉市城市地质调查施工的数百个钻孔中选择了地层发育齐全、适于进行磁性地层研究的SK2钻孔进行了古地磁极性测试和分析,并重点对SK2钻孔进行了磁性地层的划分,初步建立了武汉市第四纪磁性地层的年代序列。结果表明,SK2钻孔的布容与松山(B/M)界线位于孔深约29. 6m处,其古地磁年龄约0. 78Ma;松山反向带中的正极性亚时贾拉米洛(Jaramillo)、奥杜威(Olduvai)、留尼汪(Reunion)Ⅱ分别位于孔深38. 2～39. 8m、66. 5～71. 9m和75. 8～78. 4m处。依据磁性地层结果对研究钻孔进行了第四纪地层划分,SK2钻孔的1. 2～14. 1m为上更新统,15～29. 6m为中更新统,29. 6～78. 8m为下更新统。计算SK2钻孔地层的沉积速率后发现,古地磁年代1. 47～1. 57Ma BP和1. 07～1. 21Ma BP为2个沉积速率相对增大的阶段。 相似文献
9.
10.
《地球物理学进展》2015,(1)
超浅疏松地层压实程度低,未压实的粉砂质泥岩具有一定的孔隙度,与泥质粉砂岩的电性特征相接近,不易区分.本文针对这一难题,提出了稳定泥质单元控制下的岩性划分技术.该技术的核心思想是:在测井曲线上将厚层稳定的泥岩段定义为泥质单元,将泥质单元所分隔的大套砂体部分定义为非泥质单元.在泥质单元内采用电阻率的回返率和自然伽马的交会识别泥质粉砂岩和粉砂质泥岩;在非泥质单元内,按照沉积韵律控制下电阻率曲线的相对变化来区分泥质粉砂岩和粉砂质泥岩.而针对不包含在任何韵律内的2种岩性,采用3参数、4种电测曲线交会分区识别.以密闭取心井岩性分析结果为标准,采用该套技术共解释岩性58层,误判4层,岩性判别总符合率达到93.1%.其中,判别泥质粉砂岩和粉砂质泥岩32层,符合率达到87.5%. 相似文献
11.
Abstract This paper considers the complexity in resolving the conflicts between mine drainage, water supply, and environmental protection for the coal basin of North China, and presents a management optimization framework that addresses these multiple conflicting issues simultaneously in the most cost effective manner. Due to the various unpredictable accidents which may occur in the coal mining process, such as water bursts, gas leaks, fire and collapse of coal beds, the beneficial use of drainage water from the coal mines is generally low. This case study attempts to address the problem of low beneficial usage for drainage water using the Jiaozuo coal mining district in Henan Province, China. By combining a finite-element groundwater simulation model with an optimization code, the economic benefits of using the drainage water as a stable water supply is maximized, while the adverse impact of mine drainage on the environment is controlled. The results indicate that the management model developed in this study achieves an excellent economic outcome and can serve as a potentially powerful tool for solving mining-related water management problems in the coal basin of North China. Citation Wu, Q., Hu, B. X., Wan, L. & Zheng, C. (2010) Coal mine water management: optimization models and field application in North China. Hydrol. Sci. J. 55(4), 609–623. 相似文献
12.
Atsushi Nozaki Ryuichi Majima Koji Kameo Saburo Sakai Atsuro Kouda Shungo Kawagata Hideki Wada Hiroshi Kitazato 《Island Arc》2014,23(2):157-179
We present field and core observations, nannofossil biostratigraphy, and stable oxygen isotope fluctuations in foraminiferal tests to describe the geology and to construct an age model of the Lower Pleistocene Nojima, Ofuna, and Koshiba Formations (in ascending order) of the middle Kazusa Group, a forearc basin‐fill succession, exposed on the northern Miura Peninsula on the Pacific side of central Japan. In the study area, the Nojima Formation is composed of sandy mudstone and alternating sandy mudstone and mudstone, the Ofuna Formation of massive mudstone, and the Koshiba Formation of sandy mudstone, muddy sandstone, and sandstone. The Kazusa Group contains many tuff beds that are characteristic of forearc deposits. Thirty‐six of those tuff beds have characteristic lithologies and stratigraphic positions that allow them to be traced over considerable distances. Examination of calcareous nannofossils revealed three nannofossil datum planes in the sequences: datum 10 (first appearance of large Gephyrocapsa), datum 11 (first appearance of Gephyrocapsa oceanica), and datum 12 (first appearance of Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica). Stable oxygen isotope data from the tests of the planktonic foraminifer Globorotalia inflata extracted from cores were measured to identify the stratigraphic fluctuations of oxygen isotope ratios that are controlled by glacial–interglacial cycles. The observed fluctuations were assigned to marine isotope stages (MISs) 49–61 on the basis of correlations of the fluctuations with nannofossil datum planes. Using the age model obtained, we estimated the ages of 24 tuff beds. Among these, the SKT‐11 and SKT‐12 tuff beds have been correlated with the Kd25 and Kd24 tuff beds, respectively, of the Kiwada Formation on the Boso Peninsula. The Kd25 and Kd24 tuff beds are widely recognized in Pleistocene strata in Japan. We used our age model to date SKT‐11 at 1573 ka and SKT‐12 at 1543 ka. 相似文献
13.
灵宝盆地位于华北板块南缘与秦岭造山带之间,是豫西北一系列北东-南西向断陷盆地之一.盆地内沉积地层主体为一套厚约2000m陆相碎屑岩夹泥灰岩、薄煤层沉积.本文根据盆地内的恐龙蛋、介形虫、腹足类、哺乳动物化石及少量孢粉等,将地层自下而上划分为下白垩统枣窳组、上白垩统南朝组、古近系古新统-下始新统项城群、中始新统川口组、上始新统庄里坡组及新近系上-中新世（组名暂未定）等6个地层单元.研究表明：下、上白垩统之间及其与项城群之间为不整合或超覆,上中新统与川口组或庄里坡组为不整合接触,整个地层是一套河流相沉积、局部洪泛洼地或小浅湖相沉积. 相似文献
14.
郯庐断裂带最新活动的断层分布于潍坊至嘉山一带, 而安丘—莒县断裂是郯庐断裂带的重要活动断裂之一。 基于地质考察、 高密度电法探测和钻孔联合剖面, 对安丘—莒县断裂小店—大店段断层活动证据及断层泥分布特征进行研究。 地质考察发现紫红色砂砾岩逆冲到全新世耕植土上方, 两者之间发育断层泥带, 断层泥内含少量角砾岩, 为全新世活动逆断层。 高密度电法探测结果表明断层通过位置电阻率差异明显。 钻孔联合剖面揭露的地层: 全新世耕植土、 全风化砂质泥岩、 强风化砂质泥岩、 碎裂岩、 断层泥带及中风化砂质泥岩。 钻孔K1和K2揭露深灰色断层泥带, 倾向西, 倾角约为74°, 厚度约为13.9 m, 与南侧出露的断层泥带产状相协调。 工作区范围内, 发育多处褶皱、 破碎带和断层泥带, 断层表现为全新世逆断层性质。 相似文献
15.
The characteristics of coal pores and the interaction relationship between hydrocarbons and pores in coal are analysed based
on the typical example of oil from coal in Tuha Basin, pointing out that the interaction between hydrocarbon molecules and
coal pore surface particles is a major controlling factor of expulsion of oil from coal. Distribution characteristics of coal
pores and the ability of hydrocarbon generation are inner factors of the expulsion of the oil from coal; tectonic compressive
shear stress is an external force of the expulsion of oil from coal; expulsion of the oil from coal has greater geochromatographic
effect than that from mudstone, the low mature stage (or vitrinite reflectance Ro is less than 0.9%) is advantageous to the coal-formed oil expulsion and migration; hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon network
are linked with carrier beds (such as fault), through the pore network and fissure which are connected with each other, which
constitutes the main pathway of expulsion and migration. 相似文献
16.
The biostratigraphy of the Middle Permian Gufeng Formation in the northeastern Yangtze platform is examined based on radiolarians. This study is concentrated on the Anmenkou section in the Chaohu area of Anhui Province, China. The Gufeng Formation is divided into the Phosphate Nodule-bearing Mudstone Member (PNMM) and the Siliceous Rock Member (SRM) in ascending order. The former primarily consists of mudstone including abundant phosphate nodules, and the latter consists mainly of alternating beds of chert, siliceous mudstone and mudstone, with intercalations of porous chert. Ammonoids in the mudstone of the lower PNMM are Wordian. Chert, siliceous mudstone and mudstone of the SRM include abundant radiolarians with sponge spicule assemblages suggestive of the Wordian–Capitanian. Albaillellaria are predominant in the lower SRM, while Entactinaria and Spumellaria are predominant in the middle and upper SRM. These radiolarians correspond to three radiolarian assemblage zones: Pseudoalbaillella longtanensis – Pseudoalbaillella fusiformis , Follicucullus monacanthus , and Follicucullus scholasticus – Ruzhencevispongus uralicus . The assemblage of radiolarians and sponge spicule fauna suggests a depositional depth of 150–500 m. The radiolarian fauna of the Gufeng Formation is considered to be representative of the relatively shallow, tropical radiolarian fauna of the Middle Permian eastern Paleotethys. 相似文献
17.
Abstract The Waipapa Terrane in northern North Island, New Zealand, is a Mesozoic accretion-ary complex formed along the Gondwana margin. It contains abundant melange rocks with distinctive characteristics. Precise analyses of their mesoscopic fabrics in Waiheke Island near Auckland have revealed the following sequence of deformation. The earliest phase of deformation of the sandstone/mudstone association, which is the main constituent of this terrane, originated by chaotic mixing of sand and mud due to liquidization of water-saturated, poorly consolidated sediments. The second phase was characterized by hydrofracturing and subsequent forceful injection of ductile mud into rather brittle sand. Local intrusions of sand forming dykes and sills followed these events, as well as intrusions of pelagic/hemipelagic green argillite originally underlying the sandstone/mudstone association. An abundant occurrence of these mixing and multi-stage injection/intrusion fabrics strongly suggest that the Waipapa Terrane around the study area was a site of high pore-fluid pressure. Scaly-foliated melange fabrics with monoclinic symmetry, originating from layer-parallel shearing, were then locally superimposed on the pre-existing melange fabrics. Similar scaly-foliated fabrics also developed in the chert beds originally intercalated between the green argillite and the uppermost part of the oceanic crust. These scaly fabrics might have been related to the regional stacking and juxtaposition of the accreted sediments. The sequence and variation in style of deformation forming the melange fabrics presumably reflected changes in porosity and state of compaction of accreted sediments in a shallow tectonic level. 相似文献
18.
河南省孟州市石庄位于济源盆地东南缘,地层属华北地层区山西分区太行山小区。出露的主要地层有中生界三叠系、新生界第三系、第四系。中生代经历了长期陆相湖盆沉积阶段,岩石中有机物含量高。所以该区中生界地层一直作为煤系地层并进行了煤矿资源的勘查工作。本文通过对中生界上三叠统谭庄组的灰黑色岩系取样分析研究,认为该区上三叠统谭庄组为一套含生油岩地层,是济源盆地东侧生油区。在具备一定的运移、储集及盖层等地质条件下可以形成一定规模的油气资源。为今后在河南西北济源盆地寻找油气资源提供了启示。 相似文献
19.
为了利用煤镜质组反射率推断豫北构造应力场，基于构造应力是造成镜质组反射率各向异性（VRA）的主要控制因素，对在豫北焦作、安阳、鹤壁三个矿区井下取的定向煤样品进行了室内显微镜下反射率测试，对测试数据按有关公式进行计算后就得出了由最大反射率值、中间反射率值、最小反射率值为轴组成的镜质组反射率椭球体（VRI）.结果表明，研究区煤样显示二轴晶正光性，它们经过了强烈的构造变形，研究区煤样镜质组反射率各向异性是由构造应力所引起；由镜质组反射率椭球体（VRI）得出的豫北构造应力场与钻探、节理统计、河南省区域构造应力场分析等方法得出的应力场基本上是吻合的，但也有一定的区别，主要体现在应力场到安阳、鹤壁矿区后发生了向左的偏转.总之，利用煤镜质组反射率各向异性推断构造应力场的方法是可行的、是有效的. 相似文献
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本文选取河南及邻区39个宽频带和甚宽频带地震台站记录的2014年1月～2015年12月垂直分量的连续波形资料,通过波形互相关和叠加运算得到台站间的经验格林函数,并用时频分析方法提取了498条瑞利波群速度频散曲线,进而采用噪声层析成像方法反演获得了河南及邻区8～25s的瑞利波群速度分布图像。结果表明,8s周期的群速度分布与地表构造特征密切相关,平原地区表现为低速异常,而基岩出露的山区呈现为高速异常;14s、20s周期的群速度在山区表现的高速异常与8s相似,说明中上地壳与地壳浅部结构有一定的相关性和继承性;8～20s周期的群速度在华北平原地区存在低速异常范围随周期增加而减小的现象。华北平原地区在下地壳表现出的低速异常,可能与大陆地壳减薄有关。大致以太行-武陵重力梯度带为界,下地壳表现出的西部低速、东部至研究区中部高速异常差异,体现了地壳东薄西厚的结构特征。 相似文献