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1.
焉耆盆地北缘和静逆断裂-褶皱带第四纪变形   总被引:5,自引:5,他引:0  
焉耆盆地是塔里木盆地东北缘天山山间的重要坳陷区,盆地北缘发育的和静逆断裂-褶皱带是一条现今活动强烈的逆断裂-褶皱带,对其第四纪以来缩短量和隆升量的计算有利于分析该区域的构造活动情况,对缩短速率和隆升速率的估计可以与天山造山带其他区域的活动速率进行横向对比,从而反映出焉耆盆地在天山晚新生代构造变形的作用。在深部资料不足的情况下,对背斜形态完整、构造样式简单的和静逆断裂-褶皱带,利用地表可获得的地层和断层产状,通过恢复褶皱几何形态,计算褶皱的缩短量、隆升量和断层滑动量,得到逆断裂-褶皱带早更新世晚期(1.8Ma)、中更新世(780ka)和晚更新世中期(80ka)以来的缩短量分别为1.79km、0.88km和26m,初步估计的缩短速率分别为0.99mm/a、1.13mm/a和0.33mm/a。显示和静逆断裂-褶皱带自开始形成以来构造活动强度并不一致。与地壳形变观测结果对比,作为南天山东段最主要的坳陷区,焉耆盆地吸收了这一区域(86°~88°E)的大部分地壳缩短,且主要表现为盆地北缘新生逆断裂-褶皱带的强烈变形。  相似文献   

2.
天山南北前陆盆地新生代变形与天山造山带的波动耦合   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
天山南北前陆盆地变形及与天山构造变动的关系一直备受关注.通过地震资料解释和地面地质调查,对它们的构造特点、构造样式、变形主控因素、变形时间和关系等进行了对比研究.两个前陆盆地新生代变形都表现出南北分带、东西分段和上下分层的特点.变形样式以压性为特点,既有基底卷入式变形,也有盖层滑脱式变形.这种变形的复杂性与软性地层的存在有密切关系.从变形时间上看,新生代两个盆地都经历了多期变形,且变形表现为从天山造山带向盆地内部逐渐变新.天山南北前陆盆地的变形动力学可用造山楔动力学模型代表,但其构造又明显表现出波的特点,据此提出了波动造山楔的概念,建立了天山两侧双波动楔模型.  相似文献   

3.
李军 《内陆地震》2001,15(1):92
天山是我国和中亚地区最主要的新生代再生造山带之一 ,是一个强烈新活动的挤压缩短和隆起带 ,最高海拔达 70 0 0 m以上 ,平均海拔亦达 40 0 0~ 5 0 0 0 m。在山体两侧的山前坳陷地区发育多排活动逆断裂—背斜带 ,晚第四纪以来的活动褶皱受活动逆断裂控制 ,形成于不同深度的多重水平滑脱面和逆冲断坡之上 ,属于断裂—扩展褶皱。山体内部则发育了由逆断裂控制的压陷盆地。天山地区的地震活动即受这些活动构造所控制。邓起东、冯先岳等 2 0 0 0年 7月出版的新著《天山活动构造》对天山南北缘和内部的活动构造进行了全面研究 ,其中包括对北天山…  相似文献   

4.
北天山地区活动逆断裂-褶皱带构造与潜在震源区估计   总被引:25,自引:5,他引:20       下载免费PDF全文
北天山山前逆断裂-褶皱带是典型的大陆内部活动挤压构造,该地区的地表活动构造、隐伏活动构造及活动背斜都受地下深处近水平滑脱断层控制。对1906年玛纳斯地震(M7.7)的发震构造、地表变形与破裂特征和山前活动逆断裂带上古地震的研究表明,北天山山前隐伏活动深断坡具备大地震发生的构造条件,大致以金钩河为界分为东西两段,相应地构成两个大地震潜在震源(M8)。山前第2条玛纳斯逆断裂-褶皱带和第3条独山子逆断裂-褶皱带中的各个活动背斜,以及西湖隆起等可能是8个中强地震的潜在震源(M6)。  相似文献   

5.
利用深部地球物理结果与浅部地质调查结果进行对比,并基于DEM的地貌分析,研究了中更新世以来北天山向北扩展的造山过程.中更新世以来,北天山地壳中存在南倾的低角度滑脱面,滑脱面之上,逆断裂和褶皱带组成的山前活动构造带整体向北滑脱并缩短变形.中更新世早期,气候暖湿,基岩山脉剥蚀强烈,在山前形成了大规模的洪泛平原.中更新世中期以来,持续的构造活动一方面使山前盆地卷入变形,另一方面使盆地遭受分隔,天山北麓地壳以阶梯式的形式自南向北逐步抬升.中更新世中期约600 ka以来,气候越来越干旱,山前盆地地表仅遭受了轻微剥蚀,地壳抬升全部转换为自南向北的地表隆起,隆起的北部向天山靠拢,隆起的南部逐渐成为山系,与天山相连,北天山得以向北扩展.中更新世以来的掀斜隆起造成山麓至盆地高差达1000多米的坡面,为30 ka以来的河流下切提供了坡度条件,造成了深达300多米的河流强烈下切.  相似文献   

6.
南北地震带中段地震活动的板块动力学研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在大陆造山带研究的最新成果基础上论述了南北地震带中段地壳的定变过程,结合造山带内部的高温韧性滑脱构造及地球物理深部探测成果和新生代以来的板块运动探讨了南北地震 段地震的地壳动力学过程及成因机制。  相似文献   

7.
<正>帕米尔东北缘位于天山褶皱带、西昆仑造山带和塔里木盆地3个构造单元的衔接地带,是我国大陆受板块动力作用最强烈的地区、也是我国地震活动最频繁的地区之一。弧形的帕米尔高原和近EW向的天山为该地区的隆升单元,独特的构造特征和现今仍然活跃的构造运动使帕米尔东北缘在大陆动力学和造山带变形研究中占据非常重要的地位。关于研究区造山带隆升的动力学机制,目前提出了多种模型。  相似文献   

8.
中国西南天山山前的晚新生代构造与地震活动   总被引:40,自引:0,他引:40  
天山是研究现今陆内造山作用及过程、陆内变形、陆内强震及其预测等大陆动力学问题的理想实验场。西南天山和塔里木之间的新生代褶皱-逆断裂带基本上由一南冲弧形推覆构造系统和一向北反冲的构造系统组成,由北而南主要由以下4个运动学单元组成:(1)新生代复活的喀拉铁热克山-天山南脉古生代造山带,其快速变形和抬升可能起始于23-26Ma前,持续至13-16Ma前。(2)向南逆冲的西南天山前陆薄皮主冲断带,包括木兹杜克弧形薄皮推覆体和依柯冲断带,前者代表了向南薄皮逆掩的天山型岩系,地表主要表现为一系列的飞来峰群,在14Ma前曾有过大规模活动,最小缩短量约为20-35km,最小缩短速率为1.4-2.8mm/a;后者代表了向南叠瓦状薄皮逆冲推覆的前陆古生代基底(塔里木地台型沉积岩系)卷入构造,其西段在距今14Ma时曾有过强烈活动。两者共同组成了一复杂的双重构造;新生代地层也卷入变形。(3)喀什-阿图什弧形反冲褶皱-逆断裂带,由3排向北(天山)反冲的左阶雁列展布的第四纪地表滑脱褶皱组成,仅在大山口以西发育。该构造带形成于距今约1.4Ma以后。依什拉克喀拉乌尔断裂以南,博古孜河剖面的最小缩短速率约为5.8mm/a,翁库尔剖面的最小缩短速率约为8.6mm/a。(4)塔里木克拉通下盘块体,向北西方向缓倾,内部变形较小。里木块体西北存在明显的不均匀性,其学问基底高角度逆断裂和走滑断裂控制了盆地新生代沉积的厚度,导致西南天山前陆冲断带的地形地貌、地层、构造变形样式、变形时间以及变形缩短量沿走向的巨大差异性。迈丹-喀拉铁克断裂和阿图什断裂带均为岩石圈规模断裂,研究区的中强地震主要发生在这两条断裂带以及它们之间的西南天山前陆冲断带上。  相似文献   

9.
正中亚地区是研究陆内变形的极好的地质实验室,对理解陆内变形机制影响深远。天山原本是晚古生代形成的古老造山带,新生代以来印度欧亚大陆碰撞的远程效应使其复活,重新开始隆升。天山作为典型的大陆内部挤压造山带,其变形主要集中于山前逆冲断层和大型走  相似文献   

10.
天山造山带南北分别于塔里木盆地和准噶尔盆地相接,经历古生代时期超级大陆裂解、南北天山洋裂开、洋盆持续扩张、洋壳俯冲消减、陆陆碰撞缝合过程及中新生代陆内再造山构造调整,是现今世界上较为活跃的陆内造山带,成为国内外大陆动力学研究的热点地带.在综合分析地质学、地球物理(地震剖面、重力异常、地震层析)、地球化学、岩石学及天文学...  相似文献   

11.
1906年新疆玛纳斯大震区的多层次逆冲构造与深部结构   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10       下载免费PDF全文
通过对天山北麓 190 6年玛纳斯 7 7级地震区的浅层地震探测资料、石油地震反射剖面、二维电性结构剖面、深地震反射剖面的研究 ,发现玛纳斯地震区多层次活动构造系统的根带 ,它通过脆 -韧转换带与天山活动构造块体内上地壳中的低速、高导层连为一体。低速、高导层可能是天山地壳内正在活动的韧性剪切带 ,而齐古逆断裂 -褶皱带下的脆 -韧转换带是连接深部活动韧性剪切带与地壳浅部脆性破裂的枢纽 ,也是现今孕育和发生大地震的重要构造部位。 190 6年玛纳斯地震发生在脆韧转换带的底部 ,地震区的活动逆断裂和褶皱只是部分记录了深部韧性剪切带活动的信息  相似文献   

12.
库车坳陷是南天山中段新构造运动异常强烈的地区,发育4排近EW向展布的逆断裂-背斜带。通过野外实地考察及前人资料分析,认为该区晚第四纪以来的构造变形主要集中于喀桑托开逆断裂-背斜带、秋里塔格逆断裂-背斜带和最南缘的亚肯逆断裂-背斜带之上,而且不同构造带之间的变形方式存在较大差异。作者利用全站仪(total station)对上述构造带的变形地貌进行了精确测量,并结合年代学分析,得到喀桑托开逆断裂-背斜的地壳缩短速率为1·0~2·0mm/a,秋里塔格逆断裂-背斜带的地壳缩短速率为2·5~3·0mm/a,亚肯盲逆断裂-背斜的地壳缩短速率为1·5~2·0mm/a。晚第四纪以来,库车坳陷SN向总的地壳缩短速率不<5·0~7·0mm/a  相似文献   

13.
Influenced by the far-field effect of India-Eurasia collision, Tianshan Mountains is one of the most intensely deformed and seismically active intracontinental orogenic belts in Cenozoic. The deformation of Tianshan is not only concentrated on its south and north margins, but also on the interior of the orogen. The deformation of the interior of Tianshan is dominated by NW-trending right-lateral strike-slip faults and ENE-trending left-lateral strike-slip faults. Compared with numerous studies on the south and north margins of Tianshan, little work has been done to quantify the slip rates of faults within the Tianshan Mountains. Therefore, it is a significant approach for geologists to understand the current tectonic deformation style of Tianshan Mountains by studying the late Quaternary deformation characteristics of large fault and fold zones extending through the interior of Tianshan. In this paper, we focus on a large near EW trending fault, the Baoertu Fault (BETF) in the interior of Tianshan, which is a large fault in the eastern Tianshan area with apparent features of deformation, and a boundary fault between the central and southern Tianshan. An MS5.0 earthquake event occurred on BETF, which indicates that this fault is still active. In order to understand the kinematics and obtain the late Quaternary slip rate of BETF, we made a detailed research on its late Quaternary kinematic features based on remote sensing interpretation, drone photography, and field geological and geomorphologic survey, the results show that the BETF is of left-lateral strike-slip with thrust component in late Quaternary. In the northwestern Kumishi basin, BETF sinistrally offsets the late Pleistocene piedmont alluvial fans, forming fault scarps and generating sinistral displacement of gullies and geomorphic surfaces. In the bedrock region west of Benbutu village, BETF cuts through the bedrock and forms the trough valley. Besides, a series of drainages or rivers which cross the fault zone and date from late Pleistocene have been left-laterally offset systematically, resulting in a sinistral displacement ranging 0.93~4.53km. By constructing the digital elevation model (DEM) for the three sites of typical deformed morphologic units, we measured the heights of fault scarps and left-lateral displacements of different gullies forming in different times, and the result shows that BEFT is dominated by left-lateral strike-slip with thrust component. We realign the bended channels across the fault at BET01 site and obtain the largest displacement of 67m. And we propose that the abandon age of the deformed fan is about 120ka according to the features of the fan. Based on the offsets of channels at BET01 and the abandon age of deformed fan, we estimate the slip rate of 0.56mm/a since late Quaternary. The Tianshan Mountains is divided into several sub-blocks by large faults within the orogen. The deformation in the interior of Tianshan can be accommodated or absorbed by relative movement or rotation. The relative movement of the two sub-blocks surrounded by Boa Fault, Kaiduhe Fault and BETF is the dominant cause for the left-lateral movement of BETF. The left-lateral strike-slip with reverse component of BETF in late Quaternary not only accommodates the horizontal stain within eastern Tianshan but also absorbs some SN shortening of the crust.  相似文献   

14.
Tianshan is one of the longest and most active intracontinental orogenic belts in the world. Due to the collision between Indian and Eurasian plates since Cenozoic, the Tianshan has been suffering from intense compression, shortening and uplifting. With the continuous extension of deformation to the foreland direction, a series of active reverse fault fold belts have been formed. The Xihu anticline is the fourth row of active fold reverse fault zone on the leading edge of the north Tianshan foreland basin. For the north Tianshan Mountains, predecessors have carried out a lot of research on the activity of the second and third rows of the active fold-reverse faults, and achieved fruitful results. But there is no systematic study on the Quaternary activities of the Xihu anticline zone. How is the structural belt distributed in space?What are the geometric and kinematic characteristics?What are the fold types and growth mechanism?How does the deformation amount and characteristics of anticline change?In view of these problems, we chose Xihu anticline as the research object. Through the analysis of surface geology, topography and geomorphology and the interpretation of seismic reflection profile across the anticline, we studied the geometry, kinematic characteristics, fold type and growth mechanism of the structural belt, and calculated the shortening, uplift and interlayer strain of the anticline by area depth strain analysis.
In this paper, by interpreting the five seismic reflection profiles across the anticline belt, and combining the characteristics of surface geology and geomorphology, we studied the types, growth mechanism, geometry and kinematics characteristics, and deformation amount of the fold. The deformation length of Xihu anticline is more than 47km from west to east, in which the hidden length is more than 14km. The maximum deformation width of the exposed area is 8.5km. The Xihu anticline is characterized by small surface deformation, simple structural style and symmetrical occurrence. The interpretation of seismic reflection profile shows that the deep structural style of the anticline is relatively complex. In addition to the continuous development of a series of secondary faults in the interior of Xihu anticline, an anticline with small deformation amplitude(Xihubei anticline)is continuously developed in the north of Xihu anticline. The terrain high point of Xihu anticline is located about 12km west of Kuitun River. The deformation amplitude decreases rapidly to the east and decreases slowly to the west, which is consistent with the interpretation results of seismic reflection profile and the calculation results of shortening. The Xihu anticline is a detachment fold with the growth type of limb rotation. The deformation of Xihu anticline is calculated by area depth strain analysis method. The shortening of five seismic reflection sections A, B, C, D and E is(650±70) m, (1 070±70) m, (780±50) m, (200±40) m and(130±30) m, respectively. The shortening amount is the largest near the seismic reflection profile B of the anticline, and decreases gradually along the strike to the east and west ends of the anticline, with a more rapidly decrease to the east, which indicates that the topographic high point is also a structural high point. The excess area caused by the inflow of external material or outflow of internal matter is between -0.34km2 to 0.56km2. The average shortening of the Xihubei anticline is between(60±10) m and(130±40) m, and the excess area caused by the inflow of external material is between 0.50km2 and 0.74km2. The initial locations of the growth strata at the east part is about 1.9~2.0km underground, and the initial location of the growth strata at the west part is about 3.7km underground. We can see the strata overlying the Xihu anticline at 3.3km under ground, the strata above are basically not deformed, indicating that this section of the anticline is no longer active.  相似文献   

15.
The Daliangshan tectonic zone is a rhombic area to the east of the Anninghe and Zemuhe fault zones in the middle segment of the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system along the southeast margin of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau. Since the Cenozoic era, the neotectonic deformation in the Daliangshan tectonic zone has presented not only sinistral slip and reverse faulting along the Daliangshan fault zone, but also proximate SN-trending crust shortening. It is estimated that the average crust shortening in the Daliangshan tectonic zone is 10.9±1.6 km, with a shortening rate of 17.8±2.2% using the method of balanced cross-sections. The crust shortening from folding occurred mainly in the Miocene and the Pliocene periods, lasting no more than 8.6 Ma. Based on this, a crust shortening velocity of 1.3±0.2 mm/a can be estimated. Compared with the left offset along the Daliangshan fault zone, it is recognized that crust shortening by folding plays an important part in transferring crustal deformation southeastward along the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system.  相似文献   

16.
龙门山逆冲推覆构造带中段山前断裂的存在和最新活动时代一直是个争论的问题.石油地震探测资料和浅层地震剖面揭示该断裂的存在,并断错了第四系;野外调查表明,龙门山中段山前存在明显的线性地貌特征,山前断裂断错晚了更新世晚期的洪积台地;探槽剖面揭示距今约1500 a之前在山前断裂上曾发生过一次地表破裂型事件,而该断裂未来具备发生强震的潜势.断错地貌的差分GPS测量和年代学分析显示山前断裂晚第四纪垂直滑动速率大于0.36 mm/a,其与龙门山中段主干断裂活动强度相当,说明龙门山山前断裂在龙门山逆冲推覆构造带的变形中也承担着重要的作用.该研究不仅能为成都平原的地震危险性评价提供基础资料,也有助于全面理解青藏高原东缘的隆升机制.  相似文献   

17.
This research focused on the Aksu area in the central part of the southern Tianshan. Along the 60 km wide Aksu fold-and-thrust belt, active thrusts reach the surface and offset the youngest sediments. Our research was based on the geomorphologic study that examined the advance and retreat of glaciers cut by thrusts in the Tomur area in the north of Aksu. Our fieldwork revealed that two fault scarps were clearest across three different moraines that represent the maximum of advance of glaciers during three glacial periods along the Tailan River in the Tomur area. The measured heights of the fault scarps that cut the moraines, together with the moraines-inferred age, imply a shortening rate of 1.85 mm/a on the Aksu area since late Pleistocene. This rate, similar to that of the Korla area on its east side and of the Kaping area on its west side, but lower than that of the Kashgar area farther west and of the Manas area in the northern margin of the belt, implies that the distribution of shortening across the Tianshan changed markedly along the mountain.  相似文献   

18.
The Kalpin nappe structure is a strongest thrust and fold deformation belt in front of the Tianshan Mountains since the Cenozoic time. The tectonic deformation occurred in 5―6 striking Meso-zoic-Cenozoic fold zones, and some renascent folds formed on the recent alluvial-proluvial fans in front of the folded mountains. We used the total station to measure gully terraces along the longitudinal to-pographic profile in the renascent fold zones and collected samples from terrace deposits for age de-termination. Using the obtained formation time and shortening amount of the deformed terraces, we calculated the shortening rate of 4 renascent folds to be 0.1±0.03 mm/a, 0.12±0.04 mm/a, 0.59±0.18 mm/a, and 0.26±0.08 mm/a, respectively. The formation time of the renascent folds is some later than the major tectonic uplift event of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 0.14 Ma ago. It may be the long-distance effect of this tectonic event on the Tianshan piedmont fold belt.  相似文献   

19.
The Tianshan Mountains,located in the northwestern China,are bounded by the Tarim Basin to south and the Junggar Basin to north.In the north piedmont of this mountain range,ongoing thrusting and folding forms a set of roughly parallel anticlines.Geological observations predicted that averaged over last~1 Ma time scale,the shortening rates of these anticlines are about2.1–5.5 mm/a;However by averaged over about 10±2 kyr,their shortening rates reduce to merely about 1.25±0.5 mm/a.The slow shortening of the anticlines in the last~10±2 kyr is coarsely concurrent in time with the last global deglaciation.Here,we use a two-dimensional finite element model to explore crustal deformation across north piedmont of the Tianshan Mountains under various erosion-sedimentation conditions that are assumed to represent the climate-controlled surface process.Numerical experiments show that with a relatively weak erosion-sedimentation strength,the crustal shortening is accommodated mainly by north piedmont of the Tianshan Mountains,similar to the high shortening rate of anticlines averaged over the last~1Ma.By increasing erosion-sedimentation strength,the resultant crustal shortening is transformed gradually toward the Tianshan Mountains,resulting in the shortening rate in its north piedmont being decelerated to what is observed as averaged over the last~10±2 kyr.This result suggests that erosion and sedimentation could play an important role mechanically on strain localization across an intra-continent active tectonic belt.Hence,if the climate change around the last global deglaciation could be simply representative to the enhancement of surface erosion and sedimentation across the pre-existed Tianshan Mountains and its foreland,our models indicate that the observed shortening-rate variations averaged over~1 Ma and~10±2kyr time scales around north piedmont of the Tianshan Mountains should be resulted from climate changes.  相似文献   

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