共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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本文列举了目前国内外非常流行的几种剪切波速度反演的方法,介绍了各种方法的基本计算原理,并对不同方汉进行了对比,指出了各自的优缺点以及今后发展的方向. 相似文献
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透射法地震槽波勘探技术依据不同煤厚槽波频散特征差异,利用敏感频率下槽波走时层析成像算法反演得到煤层槽波速度,进而预测煤层厚度分布.层析反演结果的准确性直接影响煤厚探测的精度,反演得到小异常体常被错误地当作高精细度的体现.槽波层析反演分辨率是衡量反演结果精细程度的重要指标,决定了反演结果的可靠程度,但对于槽波分辨率的估算缺乏有效的技术手段.通过对比分析理论模型、棋盘格模型、射线密度和统计分辨率等方法,探讨这些分辨率分析方法的优缺点.根据义马11061工作面层析成像结果以及后期实际煤厚揭露数据,验证了槽波勘探方法的合理性和准确,认为采用巷帮煤厚作为约束条件,可提高层析成像分辨率,采用统计分辨率方法对反演结果分析较为实用. 相似文献
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基于萤火虫算法的雷瑞波非线性反演(英文) 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
雷瑞波具有强振幅、低频和低速的特点,在反射地震勘探中通常是需要被压制的强噪声。本文研究如何利用雷瑞波获取近地表地层的横波速度和地下结构,选取萤火虫优化算法进行面波的反演,萤火虫优化算法是一种新的粒子群算法理论,具有稳定、快捷、全局搜索等特点。针对萤火虫优化算法优缺点进行了讨论和改进,通过对理论模型和野外数据的测试应用,将提取的瑞利面波频散曲线反演得到横波速度信息。结果表明萤火虫优化算法能实现面波非线性反演,并具有分辨率高、抗干扰能力强等优点和实际使用前景。 相似文献
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用非零偏P-P波、P-SV波计算零偏反射纵波和反射横波 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
在P波入射时，地下同一点产生的P－P波和P－SV波是入射角、界面两侧纵波阻抗和横波阻抗的函数，并且两者是耦合的，利用两者的耦合关系，可在入射角确定的情况下提取与入射角无关的零偏纵波反射和横波反射。本文对此进行了理论推导，结论是：入射角为零时的纵波与横波反射系数是入射角非零时的P－P波和P－SV波反射系数的线性组合，进而可以用纵横波反射计算泊松比反向间面，把多波叠前反演转化到叠后进行，通过合成弹性参数反射剖面，直接反演弹性参数等，都很有意义。文中给出了有关的公式，并对具体实现方法和有关参数进行了讨论。 相似文献
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电阻率层析成象理论和方法 总被引：18，自引：7，他引：18
电阻率层析成象是８０年代末发展起来的一种新的地球物理探测方法，主要用于对地球浅层精细结构的研究以及工程探测和监测。本文比较系统地介绍了该方法的基础理论、操作原理和解释方法，综述了国外发展的现状。最后着重介绍了两种具有代表性的反演方法，并讨论了各自的优缺点和存在的问题。 相似文献
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为了提高表层速度反演精度,本文提出了一种新的波形反演方法.该方法只利用初至波波形信息以减少波形反演对初始模型的依赖性,降低反演多解性与稳定性.由于只利用初至波波形信息,所以该方法利用高斯束计算格林函数和正演波场,以减少正演计算量.为了避免庞大核函数的存储,该方法基于Born波路径,利用矩阵分解算法实现方向与步长的累加计算.将此基于Born波路径的初至波波形反演方法应用于理论模型实验,并与声波方程全波形反演和初至波射线走时层析方法相对比,发现该方法的反演效果略低于全波形反演方法,但明显优于传统初至波射线走时层析方法,而计算效率却与射线走时层析相当.同时,相对于全波形反演,本文方法对初始模型的依赖性也有所降低. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2017,(6)
近年来透射法槽波地震勘探技术在煤矿勘探领域取得广泛应用,该技术依据槽波频散特征,对特定频率下槽波走时进行层析速度反演成像,在煤层厚度探测方面效果明显.由于煤矿巷道施工的特殊性,震源和检波器布置在巷帮煤层中,观测系统多采用两边式或三边式,导致槽波传播角度有限,容易对层析成像造成误差.在层析正演中采用最短路径与射线弯曲法联合,兼顾走时计算的精度和效率,在层析反演中进行正则化约束,利用平滑和阻尼因子提高算法的精度.通过对大量模型进行正反演发现,当煤层中存在垂直巷道异常体或局部异常体时,透射槽波层析反演不存在假象;当存在平行巷道的条带异常体时,层析结果出现交叉状速度异常假象.这是由于透射槽波采集得到的走时不受异常体位置影响,高值区在平面上表现为交叉型,导致层析反演出现假象.实际勘探施工条件允许情况下,可在煤层工作面四周布置震源和检波器消除这类假象. 相似文献
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Acceleration time histories of earthquake events are typically measured in seismic stations that are placed close to the soil top surface. These acceleration records are often used as input data for seismic analysis. It may be used for base excitation in seismic analysis of above ground structures with shallow foundations.. However it may not be used for seismic analysis of underground structures, or even for above ground buildings with deep foundations and several underground stories. The required base excitation data of the latter should have been measured below the top surface, at a level that may be determined according to the specific analyzed building geometry or at the bedrock below. If the acceleration time history at the bedrock would have been known, the seismic wave propagation through the soil medium, from the bedrock towards the top surface, could have been carried out and the base excitation of the buried structure could be determined. Since there is no data on the acceleration time history at the bedrock, and the only given data is the acceleration records at the top surface, the goal of this paper is to provide an exact reverse analysis procedure to determine the unknown acceleration time history at the bedrock that would exactly produce the measured acceleration time history at the top surface. Once this goal is achieved, seismic analysis of buried structures may be carried out with the determined acceleration record at the bedrock as input. This paper presents an analytical exact solution of the inverse problem for determination of the acceleration, velocity and displacement time histories at the bedrock base of a layered geological medium that are compatible with the given acceleration record at the soil top surface. This new proposed method is based on analytical solutions of the initial-boundary value problems of the linear wave equation in the case of a layered medium. The relationship between waves in one layer and waves in another adjacent layer is derived considering the continuity of stresses and displacements at the common interface between the layers. The efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method is demonstrated through several examples involving the nonstationary response of the free surface. The case of the San Fernando Earthquake is studied. Excellent agreement is achieved between the recorded free surface time history and the reconstructed signal. This excellent agreement is obtained due to the exact analytical method used in deriving the inverse problem solution. This exact analytical method allows one to obtain an acceleration (velocity/displacement) distribution along all the layers at any time. 相似文献
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O. V. Pavlenko 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2009,45(10):874-884
For evaluating the parameters of the vibrations of the Earth’s surface in the case of strong earthquakes, which are possible in the future, the regular patterns of the emission and propagation of seismic waves in the North Caucasus regions are investigated. The regional parameters of emission and propagation of seismic waves are evaluated by solution of the inverse problems of stochastic modeling of the accelerograms of the earthquakes, recorded by the seismic station in Sochi. The horizontal components of the strongest earthquakes (M w ～ 3.9?5.6), that occurred in 2002–2006 within a radius of ～300 km from the seismic station, with source depths up to 60 km are modeled. For calculations of accelerograms, estimates of the quality are used, obtained earlier for this region in the form: Q(f) ～ 80 ～ f 0.9. The parameter settings are carried out, which determine the shapes of the source spectra, the amplification of the seismic waves in the Earth’s crust, the weakening of the waves at high frequencies (κ), the parameters that determine the shape and duration of accelerograms, etc. Sufficiently good agreement of the calculated and recorded accelerograms is obtained, the regional characteristics of emission and propagation of seismic waves, which can be used for prediction of the parameters of strong motions in the North Caucasus, are evaluated; however, in the future these characteristics should be studied in more detail. 相似文献
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本文以常用的几种粘弹性体模拟地球介质的粘弹性,建立了该种介质中的波动方程组;在运用合理的近似处理方法基础上,得到了基本解;提出了校正其它衰减因素的功率谱切比雪夫拟合方法,由此给出了粘性Q值的概念和算法,最后讨论了该方法的可行性。 相似文献
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Surface waves in seismic data are often dominant in a land or shallow‐water environment. Separating them from primaries is of great importance either for removing them as noise for reservoir imaging and characterization or for extracting them as signal for near‐surface characterization. However, their complex properties make the surface‐wave separation significantly challenging in seismic processing. To address the challenges, we propose a method of three‐dimensional surface‐wave estimation and separation using an iterative closed‐loop approach. The closed loop contains a relatively simple forward model of surface waves and adaptive subtraction of the forward‐modelled surface waves from the observed surface waves, making it possible to evaluate the residual between them. In this approach, the surface‐wave model is parameterized by the frequency‐dependent slowness and source properties for each surface‐wave mode. The optimal parameters are estimated in such a way that the residual is minimized and, consequently, this approach solves the inverse problem. Through real data examples, we demonstrate that the proposed method successfully estimates the surface waves and separates them out from the seismic data. In addition, it is demonstrated that our method can also be applied to undersampled, irregularly sampled, and blended seismic data. 相似文献
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Arthur Frankel 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1989,131(4):639-685
This paper reviews applications of the finite-difference and finite-element methods to the study of seismic wave scattering in both simple and complex velocity models. These numerical simulations have improved our understanding of seismic scattering in portions of the earth where there is significant lateral heterogeneity, such as the crust. The methods propagate complete seismic wavefields through highly complex media and include multiply scattered waves and converted phases (e.g.,P toSV, SV toP, body wave to surface wave). The numerical methods have been especially useful in cases of moderate and strong scattering in complex media where multiple scattering becomes important. Progress has been made with numerical methods in understanding how near-surface, low-velocity basin structures scatter surface waves and vertically-incident body waves. The numerical methods have proven useful in evaluating scattering of surface waves and body waves from topography of both the free surface and interfaces buried at depth. Numerical studies have demonstrated the importance of conversions from body waves to surface waves (andvice versa) when lateral heterogeneities and topographic relief are present in the uppermost crust. Recently, several investigations have applied numerical methods to study seismic wave propagation in velocity models which vary randomly in space. This stochastic approach seeks to understand the effects of small-scale complexity in the earth which cannot be resolved deterministically. These experiments have quantified the relationships between the statistical properties of the random heterogeneity and the measurable properties of high-frequency (1 Hz) seismograms. These simulations have been applied to the study of many features observed in actual high-frequency seismic waves, including: the amplitude and time decay of seismic coda, the apparent attenuation from scattering, the dispersion of waveforms, and the travel time and waveform variations across arrays of receivers. 相似文献
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Antoine Roueff Jocelyn Chanussot Jerome I. Mars Minh-Quy Nguyen 《Geophysical Prospecting》2004,52(4):287-300
This paper illustrates the use of image processing techniques for separating seismic waves. Because of the non‐stationarity of seismic signals, the continuous wavelet transform is more suitable than the conventional Fourier transforms for the representation, and thus the analysis, of seismic processes. It provides a 2D representation, called a scalogram, of a 1D signal where the seismic events are well localized and isolated. Supervised methods based on this time‐scale representation have already been used to separate seismic events, but they require strong interactions with the geophysicist. This paper focuses on the use of the watershed algorithm to segment time‐scale representations of seismic signals, which leads to an automatic estimation of the wavelet representation of each wave separately. The computation of the inverse wavelet transform then leads to the reconstruction of the different waves. This segmentation, tracked over the different traces of the seismic profile, enables an accurate separation of the different wavefields. This method has been successfully validated on several real data sets. 相似文献