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1.
热水—日月山断裂带是青藏高原东北缘柴达木—祁连山活动地块内部一条重要的NNW向的右旋走滑活动断裂带.断裂活动形成了一系列山脊、冲沟和阶地等右旋断错微地貌及断层崖、断层陡坎等垂直断错微地貌.本文对发生在该断裂带上的古地震事件开展了研究,综合探槽剖面和断层陡坎年代,大致可以确定两次古地震事件,其年代分别为距今6280±120a,2220±360a,复发间隔约4000a左右.  相似文献   

2.
对青藏高原东北缘地区河流阶地资料的对比研究表明,阶地的高度与阶地的形成年代之间具一定相关性,同时,阶地的形成年代与黄土剖面中古土壤年代完全可以对比,因此,以阶地的高度代替阶地级数,并借用兰州地区黄土标准剖面的古土壤年代,建立了青藏高原东北缘地区晚第四纪水系沉积物的年代标尺。阶地抬升速率研究表明,大约自150万a以来,青藏高原东北缘地区正在进行着持续的构造抬升,并且呈越来越快的趋势  相似文献   

3.
祁连山作为青藏高原东北缘的重要造山带,是高原向NE方向扩展的最前缘,逆冲和褶皱作用是青藏高原向N扩展的重要构造变形方式。白杨河发育于祁连山内部,向N汇入前陆区酒西盆地。因此,可以通过白杨河阶地研究祁连山北缘的变形特征。通过对白杨河阶地的详细调查与测量,得到如下认识:1)白杨河阶地具有流域分段性,在地形陡变带及盆地内白杨河背斜区发育多级阶地。以阶地级数来说,以牛头山为界,上游发育2—3级阶地,下游发育4—5级阶地。2)从白杨河阶地纵剖面获得昌马断裂的垂直活动速率为(0.32±0.09)mm/a,地壳缩短速率为(0.12±0.09)mm/a;旱峡-大黄沟断裂T5形成以来(约13ka)没有垂直活动;老君庙背斜区T5阶地(约9ka)褶皱变形隆升量为(6.55±0.5)m,缩短量为(3.47±0.5)m,隆升速率为(1.23±0.81)mm/a,缩短速率为(0.67±0.44)mm/a;白杨河背斜开始活动时期约为300kaBP,其170ka以来的平均隆升速率约(0.21±0.02)mm/a,缩短速率为(0.14±0.03)mm/a;3)北祁连山地区在响应青藏高原向N扩展的过程中表现出2种不同的变形特征:在祁连山内部以剪切变形为主,表现为块体侧向挤出;而在祁连山北缘地形陡变带和酒西盆地内部以挤压变形为主,表现为地壳缩短和隆起,并且盆地内构造缩短变形量占总变形量的50%左右。  相似文献   

4.
兰州及邻近地区河流阶地变形特征   总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
根据兰州及邻区黄河及其次级河流阶地纵剖面研究,分析了横穿活动断裂的河流阶地的变形特征,利用横穿黄河的兴隆山—马衔山断裂、海原断裂和穿越庄浪河的NWW向断裂附近阶地发育和变形特征确定了相应地区的构造抬升幅度及速率。  相似文献   

5.
王萍  卢演俦  陈杰 《地震地质》2004,26(4):716-726
对流经阿尔金断裂带东段的段家沙河、疏勒河和踏实河的阶地沉积物进行了细颗粒多测片红外释光(IRSL)测年,初步确定了晚第四纪各级阶地的形成年代和构造抬升速率。疏勒河在昌马盆地南缘发育7级阶地,光释光测年结果显示这些总高度超过100m的阶地可能主要形成于数万年以内,抬升速率约为2.5mm/a;照壁山峡谷疏勒河保留有5级阶地,大致形成于20万年前,阶地的抬升速率约为0.7mm/a;段家沙河在红柳峡上形成4级阶地,形成于距今7万年以来,其抬升速率约为06mm/a  相似文献   

6.
用岷江都江堰—汶川段晚第四纪阶地面的变形量估算了龙门山断裂带中段的滑动速率。岷江及其支流发育3级晚第四纪河流阶地,阶地面的年龄分别约为10,20,50kaBP。阶地纵剖面在茂汶-汶川断裂、北川-映秀断裂和江油-灌县断裂处有明显的垂直变形。断裂活动具有间歇性特点,晚第四纪以来有过3期活动,其起始时间分别为50,20,10kaBP。依据各级阶地面年龄和变形量估算的茂汶-汶川断裂、北川-映秀断裂和江油-灌县断裂晚第四纪逆冲滑动速率分别为0.5,0.6~0.3,0.2mm/a;据阶地走滑位错估算的茂汶-汶川断裂和北川-映秀断裂的晚第四纪右旋走滑速率均约为1mm/a。现代河床之下发育很厚的河流堆积物表明,龙门山的构造抬升经历了较为复杂的过程  相似文献   

7.
祁连山西段酒西盆地区阶地构造变形的研究   总被引:25,自引:3,他引:22  
对祁连山西段酒西盆地晚第四纪阶地的研究表明,该区早第四纪以挤压褶皱、逆冲为特征的构造变形在晚更新世期间乃至全新世仍继承性地进行着,表现为横穿褶皱和逆断裂带的河流及冲沟阶地面的形成、阶地类型的转变、阶地级数的增多和阶地面被断错或发生拱曲变形.其中祁连山北缘大断裂晚更新世晚期以来的垂直运动速率约为1.92~2.00mm/a.老君庙背斜逆断裂带在晚更新世初以来的垂直运动速率约为1.15~2.56mm/a.白杨河背斜逆断裂带晚更新世初以来的垂直运动速率约为0.32~0.58mm/a.  相似文献   

8.
青海热水-日月山断裂带的新活动特征   总被引:11,自引:5,他引:11       下载免费PDF全文
热水 -日月山断裂带是发育在青藏高原东北缘柴达木 -祁连活动地块内部的 1条重要的NNW向逆 -右旋走滑活动断裂带 ,长约 183km。断裂由 4条不连续的次级断裂段右阶羽列而成 ,阶距 2~ 3km左右 ,在不连续部位形成拉分区。主断裂两端则形成帚状分叉。断裂活动形成了一系列山脊、冲沟和阶地等右旋断错微地貌 ,其中Ⅰ级阶地右旋断错约 8~ 11m ,Ⅱ级阶地右旋断错约 35m。同时沿断裂带还形成了许多断层陡坎 ,Ⅰ级阶地或洪积台地上断层陡坎高约 0 .5~ 1m ,最高达 2 .8m ,Ⅱ级阶地或台地上的断层陡坎高约 2 .5~ 3m ,最高达 4~ 5m。根据相应的阶地年代 ,计算得到断裂带全新世以来的平均水平滑动速率为 3 16mm/a ,垂直滑动速率为 0 .83mm/a  相似文献   

9.
黄河在流经青藏市原东北缘海原-同以弧形构造区的过程中,发育了多达10-21组的斯座和侵蚀型阶地,其最大拔河高度为40lm,最高阶地的发育年代为1.57MaBP。通过对该区米家山、车木峡和黑山峡河口3处黄河阶地以及我国北方大范围内河流阶地的对比分析发现,河流阶地系列形成中在构造作用上具有多层次性特征,即它包含了不同范围或规模和不同级次构造隆升作用所导致的阶地。研究区的黄河阶地系列可以划分为3个层次。其中,第一层次的阶地共有6级,为我国北方大范围内同期形成的阶地,它们代表1.6Ma以来青藏高原阶段性隆升的次数,其隆升幅度由西向东逐渐减小;第二层次的阶地共有5级,为海原-天景山构造区内同期发育的阶地,它们代表1.6Ma以来该构造区本身自隆升的次数和幅度;第三层次阶地为发育在米家山东坡的10级不同期阶地,它们代表1.6Ma以来海原构造山地独自的抬升的次数和幅度。阶地发育时间与黄土-古土壤序列的对比还表明,反映青藏高原大范围构造隆升的第一层次阶地与气候变化之间有很好的可对比性,其形成年代均与相应古土壤发育时间的间冰期对应,暗示导致河流下切的在范围构造抬升与强干冷期后同样可导致河流下切的气候暖湿期紧密相关,它们共同组成了构造-气候旋回。第二层次和第三层次阶地的形成时间与气候变化之间无统一特定的关系,显示它们的形成更主要的受控于天景山块体和海原构造带的隆升作用。因此,研究区的河流阶地主要可分为2种成因类型。一种是在大范围构造抬升和气候变化联合作用下形成的构造-气候旋回阶地,此类阶地分布范围广,具有区域间的可对比性;另一种是以局部构造抬升为主导因素形成的脉动式构造旋回阶地,此类阶地的分布受 控于活动构造带,在构造区带内自成体系,不具有区域间的可对比性。  相似文献   

10.
祁连山东段石羊河流域河流纵剖面及其构造意义   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
石羊河流域位于祁连山东段,其河流体系记录了最新的构造信息和构造活动。提取石羊河流域的地貌信息,有助于揭示祁连山东段石羊河流域地貌对构造活动的响应,及系统探讨该区地貌发育特征及其所蕴含的构造意义。文中基于GIS空间分析技术,利用数字高程模型(DEM)、Matlab脚本提取了石羊河流域7条河流的纵剖面,并利用基岩河道水力侵蚀模型对其进行分析,获得了7条河流的陡峭系数、平均侵蚀量、凹曲度、裂点分布、高程、距河流出水口距离和流域面积等地貌信息。结果表明,石羊河流域的各条支流至少存在1个主裂点,裂点上、下河段具有不同的陡峭度(ks)与凹曲度(θ),说明河流纵剖面裂点的上、下河段具有不同的发育趋势。对河流纵剖面、裂点分布及岩性进行综合分析,结果表明,古浪河、金塔河、杂木河、西营河、东大河和西大河都具有"坡折式"裂点,处于瞬时状态。祁连山东段河流地貌演化主要与构造活动相关。利用本区晚第四纪活动断裂相关裂点上游河道的凹曲度指标拟合出整条河流,得到石羊河流域的平均侵蚀量约488m,发源于古浪推覆体的6条支流的平均侵蚀量为508. 5m。进一步计算研究区河网归一化的河流陡峭系数(ksn)并得到其空间分布,结合河流纵剖面和裂点分析结果对祁连山东段石羊河流域的构造特征进行了综合分析,ksn的结果显示下游段陡峭系数60,中游明显大于下游。同时,位于构造结处的古浪推覆体其ksn值呈现高值,表明该区第四纪以来经历了明显的构造抬升过程。文中结果表明石羊河流域地貌演变处于非均衡状态,构造变形是祁连山东段地貌演化的主要影响因素,控制着该区现今的地貌发育及演化历史。  相似文献   

11.
1INTRODUCTIONTheBrahmaputraRiveroriginatesfromtheJimayanzhongglacieratthenorthfootoftheHimalayaMountainsinSouthTibet,China.I...  相似文献   

12.
1INTRODUCTIONTheYellowRivercarries1.6billiontonsofsedanmentload,rankedthefirstintheworld.Sedimentationinthelowerreachesresultedinfrequentlyshiftoftherivercourses.ThroughoutthehistoryofChina,theYellowRiverhasbeenassociatedwithfloodsandfamine,earningtherivername"China'ssorrow"(Hu,l996).Instabilityoftheriverchannel,especiallythedeltachannel,restraintstheeconomicdevelopmentofthearea.TheDongyingmunicipalgovernment,theShenliOilCorporationandtheYellowRiverMouthManagementBureauofYRCC(Yel…  相似文献   

13.
1. INTROOUCnONFor a long time, the Lower Yellow River has been aggtading. As a result, the river bed becomesmuch higher than the adjacent land beyond the levees and poses a threat to the safety of the GreatNorthern Plain of China. Since the founding of the New China, great success has been achieved insafeguarding the levee for forty years. The trend of aggravation in lower reaches however is still Soingon and is at a rate even higher than before. That makes the flood control on the LO…  相似文献   

14.
IINTRODUCTIONTheYellowRiverisfamousforitsheaVysedimentloadandcompledpluvialprocessesobviousadvanceshavebeenmadeinthetwo-dimensionalsedimentmathematicalmodel.Amongtile1llodelscreatedbeforethemechanismofsedimenttransportandrelatedphysicalparametel's,suchassedimentvelocity,sedimentcan'yingcapacityandriverfi.ictionetc.arenotyetundel.stoodvery\veil.Thesynchronousobserveddataoftheflowwithsediment,especiallyathyperconcentration,arenotenougllforthemodelcalibration.Thereforethedevelopmentoftwo-di…  相似文献   

15.
通过对河曲县城一带出露较好的黄河阶地剖面进行研究,认为河曲一带黄河三、四级阶地形成于中更新世时期,晚更新世早期形成二级阶地,全新世形成一级阶地。本区中更新世抬升速率为0.14mm/a,晚更新世抬升速率为0.18mm/a,全新世抬升速率为0.70mm/a,晚更新世和全新世抬升速率的突然加大,可能与黄河下游三门湖的贯通、区域侵蚀基准面突然降低、河流侵蚀加大有关。  相似文献   

16.
On the basis of consulting historical records about the positions of Hukou waterfall at different times,we conduct a field geological survey along the Yellow River and ultimately determine the specific locations of the Hukou waterfall in the different periods.Based on this,the retrogressive erosion rates in different periods are calculated as about 1.66m/year during the Xia Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty period,about 1.01m/year in the Tang Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty,about 0.97m/year in the Yuan Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty,about 1.28m/year in the Ming Dynasty to the Republican period,and 0.6m/year from the Republican period to the present.Considering the complex geological conditions along the Yellow River,the average retrogressive erosion rate of Hukou waterfall on the Yellow River is obtained to be 1.51m/year since the historical records (early Qin Dynasty to the present).Lithology surrounding the Hukou waterfall includes mainly the Triassic gray,gray-green thick-layered mid-grained feldspar sandstone and dark purple,yellow-green mudstone,this hardness and softness combination feature is the unique geological condition of the Yellow River.After abrasing the softer shale driven by water cyclotron at this position,water washes off the debris,causing the overlying feldspar sandstone suspended for a long period.Feldspar greywacke block collapses under accumulative water erosion in long years,and then retrogressive erosion occurs in Hukou waterfall.In the process of 1 ︰ 50 000 active fault mapping of Hancheng Fault,we excavated a trench at Shaojialing,and the trench profile shows that:in the early and middle period of late Pleistocene,there are obvious surface ruptures produced by the fault.Cumulative offset near the trench is more than 20 meters in height difference.Yellow River terraces survey at Yumenkou also confirms that a fault slip of about 20 meters occurred during the early and middle period of the late Pleistocene.Assuming the retrogressive erosion rate is constant,the author thinks the Hancheng Fault was activated at early and middle age of the Late Pleistocene,forming a 20~30m high scarp (knick point),and today's position of Hukou waterfall may be the position of this knick point after the retrogressive erosion of about 40 to 50ka.  相似文献   

17.
The Qilian Mountains, as a major orogenic belt in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau, is the forefront of the expansion of the plateau to the northeast, where thrusts and folds dominate tectonic deformation. The Baiyang River starts from the inner Qilian Mountains, flowing northward across various structures, and finally into the Jiuxi Basin. This work focused on exhaustive investigations to the terraces on this river to characterize the Late Quaternary tectonic deformation in this region. The results show that (1)these river terraces on the Baiyang River are segmented, of which multiple levels developed at steep terrains and anticlines in the basin. Bounded by the Niutou Mountains, mainly 2-3 and 4-5 levels of terraces formed in the upper and lower reaches, respectively. (2)The longitudinal profiles along the river suggest a vertical motion rate of the Changma fault as (0.32±0.09)mm/a and crustal shortening rate (0.12±0.09)mm/a. There was no vertical activity since the formation of T5 surface (13ka)on the Hanxia-Dahuanggou fault. At the terrace T5 (9ka)on the Laojunmiao anticline, fold uplift amounts (6.55±0.5)m and shortening amounts (3.47±0.5)m, yielding uplift and shortening rates (1.23±0.81)mm/a and (0.67±0.44)mm/a, respectively. The Baiyang River anticline began to be active about 300ka with uplift and shortening rates (0.21±0.02)mm/a and (0.14±0.03)mm/a, respectively since 170ka. (3)In the Qilian Mountains, there were two different deformation characteristics in response to the expansion of the Tibetan plateau. Shear deformation dominates the inner Qilian Mountains, which is manifested as lateral extrusion of blocks. In the northern margin of Qilian Mountains and Jiuxi Basin, the deformation is dominated by compression, expressing crustal shortening and uplift, and the shortening within the basin accounts about half of the total deformation.  相似文献   

18.
I. CHAncEL CHANGal m THE FLOODED AREA ArVER BREACHING AT TONGWAXIANG AND THEIR IMPACTSIn mid--June of 1855 a great flood occurred in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. The findmainly came down from the main stem of the river and itS tributary Qinhe River. In the meantimethe riparian area of the Yellow River had just been subjected to a heavy rain, and large amountS of water from mountains and hills were flowing into the river and lakes were also full. The Weis…  相似文献   

19.
1 wrsoorCnoxThe Yenow mver delta is ereated by the river transponing sediment bom the Loess Plateau to the shallOWBOhai Gulf during the paSt l45 years. lh recent years, the water discharge and sediment load enedg thesea have bein ched dramacaily The river end chann shital northeastWed hom QingshulgOuN to qngshulgou-Chah chaDnel in 1996, resulting in a new regfor of sedimenboon and erosion ofthe subaqucous delta.,A nUInerial model for river sediInen dispersion and seabed mOrPhofogy of t…  相似文献   

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