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南汀河断裂带构造地貌研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
<正>青藏高原是世界上面积最大、最年轻、最活动的高原,高原范围内发育的大量延伸规模达数百千米乃至上千千米的大型走滑断裂带是青藏高原活动构造最显著的特征之一。这些大型走滑断裂带都是距今60~50 Ma以来印度板块和欧亚板块碰撞及后期印度板块向欧亚板块推挤作用的结果,它们对于调节两大板块碰撞后陆内构造变形起着非常重要的作用。众多研究者已经或正在对这些大型走滑断裂从构造、地貌、年代、地球物理等方面进行研究,取 相似文献
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本文以青藏高原东南缘南段1999—2017年的GPS速度场为主,结合小震分布、历史地震和活断层探测等资料,首先,基于Okada断层位错模型反演了研究区域主要活断层的滑动速率;其次,以断层滑动速率和GPS速度场观测资料作为约束,利用DEFNODE负位错方法反演了研究区域的块体内部变形及主要活断层的闭锁程度和滑动亏损;最后,计算研究区域现今应变率场,并结合Pms和XKS剪切波分裂结果,探讨分析了青藏高原东南缘的动力学特征.研究结果表明:(1)红河断裂带现今滑动速率明显低于南华—楚雄—建水断裂和无量山断裂;(2)红河断裂带的元江—元阳段、鹤庆—洱源段和小江断裂带北段处于强闭锁状态,南华—楚雄—建水断裂带和无量山断裂带中—北段的闭锁程度强于南段;(3)青藏高原东南缘南段现今地壳变形表现为近E-W向的拉张和近N-S向的挤压,最大剪切方向与Pms和XKS剪切波分裂的快波方向呈一定角度,表明地壳与地幔处于完全解耦状态,而中-下地壳低速层可能是壳幔解耦的主要原因之一;(4)青藏高原东南缘的整体变形受控于印度板块的推挤、印缅俯冲带的深源俯冲以及缅甸微板块与巽他板块的后撤/回退的共同作用. 相似文献
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阿尔金断裂带作为青藏高原北部边界 ,其走滑量和走滑速率一直为地学界所关注 ,对这样一条大陆内部巨型走滑断裂带的滑动速率进行研究 ,对于了解阿尔金断裂带左旋走滑和青藏高原北部隆升之间的耦合关系 ,具有重要意义。在阿尔金断裂带东段的疏勒河口以西 ,阿尔金断裂错断了几条规模相近的河流阶地和洪积扇 ,形成典型的走滑断层断错地貌。通过对这些典型断错地貌点的地貌观测和年代学研究 ,得到阿尔金断裂带东段石堡城以东疏勒河以西自 2 0kaBP以来的滑动速率约为 4～ 5mm/a。自 50kaBP以来 ,阿尔金断裂带东段断层平均滑动速率具有较高的时间、空间一致性 ,约为 4～ 6mm/a ,表明利用河流阶地和洪积扇位错作为断层走滑位移标志计算断层滑动速率 ,具有较高的可信度 相似文献
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滑动速率是研究断裂运动学特征、地震活动性和区域应变分配的重要参数和依据。前人关于甘孜-玉树断裂带滑动速率的研究结果存在较大差异，因此，其晚第四纪滑动速率有待进一步调查研究。本文基于卫星影像解译和野外实地考察，对甘孜-玉树断裂带西段（玉树断裂）上典型断错地貌点进行测量分析，得到玉树断裂晚第四纪走滑速率为6.6±0.1-7.4±1.2mm/a。通过与前人对甘孜-玉树断裂带东段（甘孜断裂）滑动速率的研究结果进行对比，发现甘孜-玉树断裂带东、西段滑动速率不一致，其原因是甘孜断裂的左旋滑移在向西传递的过程中，一部分应变被分配到了巴塘盆地南缘断裂上。巴塘盆地南缘断裂的存在很好地解释了玉树断裂的走滑速率比甘孜断裂偏低的原因。但是，从区域变形来看，巴塘盆地南缘断裂分配的滑动速率恰好说明了甘孜-玉树断裂带东、西段及鲜水河断裂带的水平构造变形是协调一致的。 相似文献
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欧亚大陆走滑断裂带是否实现对青藏地壳及岩石层的向东挤出,很大程度上取决于断层尾端变形的动力学机制。本文我们利用青藏高原北部昆仑断裂最东段千年尺度的地貌标志物提供一组最新的滑动速率测定结果。该断裂带是印度?亚欧碰撞带产生的最主要走滑断裂带之一,在西藏岩石层向东挤出的模型中扮演着主要的作用。曾有人争论在相当长的长度内该断裂显示出相同的滑动速率。黄河支流上的河流阶地位移以及阶地上物质的14C测年可以控制晚更新世至全新世断层以来的滑动速率。结果显示沿断裂东部约150km滑动速率从>10mm/a～<2mm/a自西向东系统地递减。这些数据向那些认为整条断裂滑动速率保持一致的观点提出质疑,相反揭示出位错的梯度性,这与那些在断层尾端预期的情形是类似的。另外,沿断层的滑动看起来在增厚的高原地壳内部终结,因此沿昆仑断裂的滑动导致的西藏岩石层的挤出都会被断裂尾端周围高原的内部变形所吸收。 相似文献
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牛首山-罗山断裂带是青藏高原东北缘最外侧的一条断裂带,其空间分布、深部结构、运动学特征以及变形机制对研究青藏高原东北角弧形断裂系的形成与演化具有重要意义。文中通过对横穿牛首山-罗山的4条地震反射剖面的解释及断裂带部分地区大比例尺的构造地质填图,发现牛首山-罗山断裂带具有不连续性与分段性。断裂带南段罗山断裂以正花状构造为特征,显示断裂具有右旋走滑性质;中段牛首山东麓断裂可能并不存在,该区以强烈的褶皱变形为特征;北段三关口断裂则以左旋走滑为特征。牛首山-罗山断裂带的这种不连续性和分段性反映了断裂带的不同构造部位在青藏高原向NE方向扩展过程中具有不同的变形样式。 相似文献
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大凉山断裂带南段滑动速率估计 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
大凉山断裂带是川滇活动块体东边界的重要组成部分,其活动速率的估计不仅对评价青藏高原东南边缘的地壳运动和变形模型具有重要理论意义,还对大凉山地区的地震危险性评价和地震中长期预测具有重要的应用价值。通过对大凉山断裂带南段交际河断裂和布拖断裂的详细野外调查、典型构造地貌GPS精细测量以及断错地貌的时间约束,获得大凉山断裂带南段全新世以来的滑动速率为2.5～4.5mm/a,交际河断裂平均滑动速率略大于布拖断裂的滑动速率。对比滑动速率发现,大凉山断裂带南段与鲜水河-小江断裂系中段西支的安宁河、则木河断裂带的水平滑动速率相当,表明大凉山断裂带活动强度不低于安宁河和则木河断裂带,随着大凉山断裂带逐渐取代安宁河和则木河断裂在鲜水河-小江断裂系中的作用,大凉山断裂带的活动强度将增强。 相似文献
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断裂晚第四纪滑动速率及现今GPS观测揭示了青藏高原向北扩展与高原边缘隆升的运动特征.主要断裂晚第四纪滑动速率及跨断裂GPS应变速率的结果表明，青藏高原北部边缘的断裂以低滑动速率（＜10 mm/a）为主，特别是两条边界断裂：阿尔金断裂和海原—祁连山断裂.两条主要边界断裂上的滑动速率分布显示了断裂间滑动速率转换及调整特征.阿尔金断裂自95°E以西的8～12 mm/a稳定滑动速率，向东逐渐降低到最东端的约1～2 mm/a，而海原断裂自哈拉湖一带开始发育后滑动速率为1～2 mm/a，到祁连一带（101°E以东）增大到相对稳定的4～5 mm/a，直到过海原后转向六盘山一带，滑动速率降低到1～3 mm/a，甚至更低.滑动速率的变化及分布特征显示，阿尔金断裂滑动主要是通过祁连山内部隆起及两侧新生代盆地变形引起的缩短来吸收的，海原—祁连山断裂的低滑动速率及沿断裂运动学特征表明断裂尾端的陇西盆地变形及六盘山的隆起是断裂左旋走滑速率的主要吸收方式.这一变形特征表明，青藏高原北部边缘的变形模式是一种分布式的连续变形，变形发生自高原内部，边界断裂的走滑被高原内部变形所吸收. 相似文献
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大凉山断裂带北段东支——竹马断裂晚第四纪活动性 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
大凉山断裂带是川滇菱形活动块体东边界的重要组成部分,其活动习性和滑动速率对于了解青藏高原东南缘的块体运动和构造变形具有重要的理论意义,同时对于该地区地震危险性评价和地震中长期预测有着重要的应用价值。大凉山断裂带由6条分支断裂构成,竹马断裂是其北段的一条分支。文中在详细野外调查的基础上,通过典型构造地貌的高精度GPS测量和断错时间的约束,得出竹马断裂是一条以左旋走滑为主的全新世活动断裂,全新世以来的水平滑动速率为1.5~3.1mm/a;利用古地震探槽揭示出竹马断裂的2次古地震事件时间分别为(50.3±5.7)~30ka BP和30~(17.4±1.2)ka BP。考虑到断裂带北段还存在一条与竹马断裂平行的分支断裂——公益海断裂,大凉山断裂带北段的滑动速率与南段基本一致。鲜水河-小江断裂系中段在大凉山断裂带上分配的滑动速率与并行的安宁河断裂带和则木河断裂带也大体相当,断裂系中段的滑动速率之和与南北两段的速率大致吻合。大凉山断裂带的存在使断裂系在几何上成为一个完整的弧形构造,也弥补了中段滑动速率的亏损,使各段的滑动保持协调一致。此外,沿竹马断裂大量发育的冲洪积台地,根据沉积特征和测年结果,认为是新仙女木事件后末次冰消期的冰川融水形成的冰水堆积,类似的地貌面可能广泛分布于青藏高原东南缘。 相似文献
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The determination of the coefficient of viscosity of eruptive products gives useful elements to the knowledge of possible variations of composition and physical conditions of the magmas. 相似文献
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Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica - 相似文献
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Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The magnetic evolution of the active region of the Sun at the level of the photosphere has been studied. Magnetic synoptic maps of the 2007 Kitt Peak Observatory were... 相似文献
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Josef Vykutil 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1968,12(2):217-220
Резюме Дается вывод формул для вычислений длины хорды, длины и азимутов нормаляных сечений и длины геодезической линии эллипсоида.
Применяются тригонометрические функции данных величин и постоянные принятого ргфгргнц-эллипсоида, что является целесообразным
при использовании вычислителQjных машин, особенно автоматов. Рабочие формулы рекомендуются в форме (8–11).
Dedicated to Professor František Fiala on His 85th Birthday
Address: Veveři 95, Brno. 相似文献
Dedicated to Professor František Fiala on His 85th Birthday
Address: Veveři 95, Brno. 相似文献
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V. E. Pavlov T. Yu. Tolmacheva R. V. Veselovskiy A. V. Latyshev A. M. Fetisova I. V. Bigun 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2017,53(5):702-713
Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary. 相似文献
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Summary A simple model is proposed suitable for studying the effect of the ground layer of the atmosphere, polluted by aerosol, on the albedo. This model is founded on solving the equation of transfer of radiative energy. The numerical results are discussed, particular attention being paid to the analysis of errors due to neglecting the multiple reflection of solar radiation on the aerosol particles. A method which would also include the multiple reflection is proposed, and the conditions under which the presence of the aerosol is responsible for an increase or decrease of the solar radiation balance on the Earth's surface, are analysed. 相似文献
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Prof. Dr. W. A. Heiskanen 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1958,41(1):1-18
Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out. 相似文献
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Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan. 相似文献
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Summary The boundary problem of the potential theory is treated for the case in which the values of the vertical derivative of the gravity anomaly are known. There boundary conditions are derived and alternatives are also treated.Dedicated to RNDr. Jan Pícha, CSc., on his 60th Birthday 相似文献