共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
2.
合成孔径雷达(SAR)遥感是城镇建筑震害监测的重要手段之一.随着SAR传感器技术的最新发展,利用高分辨率、多极化SAR图像对城镇建筑地震灾害损毁进行探测和评估成为当前的研究趋势和热点.文中首先分析了建筑物及其震害损毁SAR成像特点,并系统综述了近15年来国内外基于SAR图像进行城镇建筑震害损毁探测与评估技术方法的研究和应用现状,评述了各类方法的优缺点,最后针对当前SAR传感器高分辨率、全极化的发展趋势,对有待于进一步研究的问题和技术发展趋势进行了展望. 相似文献
3.
主要介绍了合成孔径雷达干涉测量（ＩＮＳＡＲ）技术的现状,发展及其在地震研究中的应用情况。 相似文献
4.
5.
SAR影像建筑物震害检测方法研究综述 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
合成孔径雷达(SAR)凭借其全天候、全天时的优势,在震后灾情信息的快速获取以及灾情评估上发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文分析了建筑物在SAR影像上的成像特征及不同震害等级的建筑物在SAR影像上的特点,总结了利用SAR技术进行建筑物震害检测的方法,并将其归纳为目视解译、震前震后变化检测、震后单幅影像的震害检测方法。同时分析了这些方法的特点,并对SAR建筑物震害检测方法进行了展望。 相似文献
6.
7.
本文通过应用地震层析成像（cT）技术，对跨孔成像法采集得到的初至波走时，用基于最短路径法的弯曲射线追踪正演和基于LSQR算法的反演技术进行处理。与测井资料联合解释，得到井间波速分布图，对井控范围内的地层构造和地基注浆效果进行了研究，最终得到断裂构造带和人防空洞的分布。认为地震cT在进行城市环境地质调查与评价、浅层工程地质勘察时，能够解决地层岩性和构造的复杂性，对目标环境进行准确预测，在城市环境地质研究和基础设施建设中起重要作用，对促进城市地球物理勘察技术的发展有重要意义。 相似文献
8.
传统的利用震后单幅合成孔径雷达(SAR)影像对建筑物的震害特征分析大多基于街区范围， 很少基于其成像几何结构． 本文基于高分辨率SAR影像上的建筑物成像几何结构， 分析了建筑物单体的震害特点， 建立了利用距离向线性灰度累加的方法提取规则未倒塌建筑物的叠掩区和阴影区及倒塌建筑物的倒塌区， 并在此基础上进行各几何特征区域的纹理特征， 如同质度、 不相似度和熵的计算及其组合特征分析， 由此建立了基于SAR影像建筑物成像几何结构的震害分析方法． 采用该方法对2010年玉树MS7.1地震震后玉树县城区的高分辨率SAR影像进行分析， 结果表明: 叠掩、 阴影和二次散射亮线是进行建筑物震害解译的有效几何结构特征， 其中叠掩区和阴影区的影像纹理特征具有较好的震害识别能力; 与传统的简单特征统计方法相比， 考虑建筑物SAR影像成像几何结构的特征统计法， 可以显著提高建筑物的震害识别能力. 相似文献
9.
10.
淮北某煤矿采区三维地震勘探地质条件极为复杂，区内褶皱、断层构造发育，常规叠后时间偏移处理很难准确成像，给后期资料解释工作带来不利影响.针对这一问题，采用叠前时间偏移技术，结合煤田地震勘探特点，对影响叠前偏移处理质量的关键步骤（预处理、静校正、叠前去噪、时间域速度模型建立）进行了研究，取得了显著效果.利用叠前偏移数据体解释，最终圆满完成了地质任务.本文通过应用实例，说明了煤田地震勘探资料处理利用叠前时间偏移技术对复杂构造成像效果较好，信噪比提高，断点解释更可靠. 相似文献
11.
12.
燕郊等测点迁移优化与地磁观测研究 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
为优化地磁观测条件，开展了燕郊、夏垫等测点迁移工作；按照测眯迁移原则与实施技术方案，完整地收集并整理了地质构造与地球物理等方面的基本资料；进行了野外实地勘察，磁场梯度的测量，确定了新测点，在新老测点上进行了较长时间的地磁场对比观测；应用多种方法分析研究了地磁对比观测资料，结果表明，新老测点与有关测点的地磁变化具有良好的一致性，并得到了新老测点之间的地磁数据的按点差。 相似文献
13.
《Advances in water resources》2005,28(7):701-710
The patterns of temporal variations of precipitation (P), streamflow (SF) and baseflow (BF) as well as their nitrate-nitrogen (nitrate) concentrations (C) and loads (L) from a long-term record (28 years) in the Raccoon River, Iowa, were analyzed using variogram and spectral analyses. The daily P is random but scaling may exist in the daily SF and BF with a possible break point in the scaling at about 18 days and 45 days, respectively. The nitrate concentrations and loads are shown to have a half-year cycle while daily P, SF, and BF have a one-year cycle. Furthermore, there may be a low-frequency cycle of 6–8 years in C. The power spectra of C and L in both SF and BF exhibit fractal 1/f scaling with two characteristic frequencies of half-year and one-year, and are fitted well with the spectrum of the gamma distribution. The nitrate input to SF and BF at the Raccoon watershed seems likely to be a white noise process superimposed on another process with a half-year and one-year cycle. 相似文献
14.
Summary This paper discusses the influence of system stiffness on the dynamic instability of fault surfaces under laboratory conditions for a number of test modes. In conjunction with shear load stiffness, the normal load stiffness, often neglected, is shown to have a considerable effect on the stick-slip process —its presence or absence and its characteristics. Also appropriate stiffnesses are suggested for an earthquake sequence modeled as a growing dislocation. 相似文献
15.
16.
Vindell Hsu Charles E. Helsley Eduard Berg David A. Novelo-Casanova 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1984,122(6):878-893
A close correlation in spatial distribution of local seismic activity and energy release patterns before and after the 1979 Petatlan, Mexico earthquake suggests heterogeneity within the fault plane of this major low-angle thrust event associated with subduction along the Middle America Trench. A simple two-asperity model is proposed to account for the complexity. Foreshocks and aftershocks of the neighboring 1981 Playa Azul earthquake showed a similar pattern. As both events occurred at the junction of the Orozco Fracture Zone and the Middle America Trench, we speculate that the observed complex fault plane is caused by subduction of the rugged ocean floor of the Orozco Fracture Zone. Short-term precursory seismicity prior to the Petatlan earthquake can be explained by using the asperity model and migration of a slip front from the south-east to the north-west across the main shock source region. 相似文献
17.
Introduction Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) is a great break in processing nonlinear and non-stationary data and can be successfully used in many science domains. There are mainly two parts in this method. The first part is to decompose the original data into several intrinsic mode functions (IMF) with the empirical mode decomposition (EMD). IMF components are derived from the original data directly according to the local characteristics in the data under some rules, so that IMF are poste… 相似文献
18.
本文探索了网络化环境下,利用现代化的信息技术,对地震科技信息资源集成整合以及共建共享等问题。 相似文献
19.
Seasonal and spatial dynamics of nutrients and phytoplankton biomass in Victoria Harbour and its vicinity before and after sewage abatement 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ho AY Xu J Yin K Yuan X He L Jiang Y Lee JH Anderson DM Harrison PJ 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(6-12):313-324
This study investigated the seasonal and spatial dynamics of nutrients and phytoplankton biomass at 12 stations in Hong Kong (HK) waters during a three year period from 2004 to 2006 after upgraded sewage treatment and compared these results to observations before sewage treatment. Pearl River estuary (PRE) discharge significantly increased NO(3) and SiO(4) concentrations, particularly in western and southern waters when rainfall and river discharge was maximal in summer. Continuous year round discharge of sewage effluent resulted in high NH(4) and PO(4) in Victoria Harbour (VH) and its vicinity. In winter, spring and fall, the water column at all stations was moderately mixed by winds and tidal currents, and phytoplankton biomass was relatively low compared to summer. In summer, the mean surface phytoplankton chl biomass was generally > 9 microL(-1) in most areas as a result of thermohaline stratification, and high nutrients, light, and water temperature. In summer, the potential limiting nutrient is PO(4) in the most productive southern waters and it seldom decreased to limiting levels ( approximately 0.1 microM), suggesting that phytoplankton growth may be only episodically limiting. The mean bottom dissolved oxygen (DO) remained > 3.5 mg L(-1) at most stations, indicating that the eutrophication impact in HK waters was not as severe as expected for such a eutrophic area. After the implementation of chemically enhanced primary sewage treatment in 2001, water quality in VH improved as indicated by a significant decrease in NH(4) and PO(4) and an increase in bottom DO. In contrast, there were an increase in chl a and NO(3), and a significant decrease in bottom DO in southern waters in summer, suggesting that hypoxic events are most likely to occur in this region if phytoplankton biomass and oxygen consumption keep increasing and exceed the buffering capacity of HK waters maintained by monsoon winds, tidal mixing and zooplankton grazing. Therefore, future studies on the long-term changes in nutrient loading from PRE and HK sewage discharge will be crucial for developing future strategies of sewage management in HK waters. 相似文献
20.
Geochemical analysis of fine grained (<20 μm) tephra found in ice cores is inherently difficult, due to the typically low number and small size of available particles. Ice core tephra samples require specialized sample preparation techniques to maximize the amount of information that can be gained from these logistically limited samples that may provide important chronology to an ice record, as well as linking glacial, marine and terrestrial sediments. We have developed a flexible workflow for preparation of tephra and cryptotephra samples to allow accurate and robust geochemical fingerprinting, which is fundamental to tephrochronology. The samples can be prepared so that secondary electron imagery can be obtained for morphological characterization of the samples to ensure that the sample is tephra-bearing and then the sample can be further prepared for quantitative electron microprobe analysis using wavelength dispersive techniques (EMP-WDS), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) or secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Some samples may be too small for typical instrumentation conditions to be used (i.e. 20 μm beam on the EMP) to analyze for geochemistry and we present other techniques that can be employed to obtain accurate, although less precise, geochemistry. Methods include analyzing unpolished tephra shards less than 5 μm in diameter with a 1 μm beam on an SEM; using the “broad beam overlap” EMP method on irregular particles less than 20 μm in diameter, and analyzing microlitic shards as well as aphyric shards using EMP to increase the number of analyzed shards in low abundance tephra layers. The methods presented are flexible enough to be employed in other geological environments (terrestrial, marine and glacial) which will help maximize and integrate multiple environments into the overall tephra framework. 相似文献