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The present study demonstrates the usefulness of principal component analysis in condensing and interpreting multivariate time‐series of water quality data. In a case study the water quality system of the lock‐regulated part of the River Neckar (Germany) was analysed, with special emphasis on the oxygen budget. Pooled data of ten water quality parameters and discharge, which had been determined at six stations along a 200 km reach of the river between the years 1993 and 1998, were subjected to principal component analysis. The analysis yielded four stable principal components, explaining 72% of the total variance of the 11 parameters. The four components could be interpreted confidently in terms of underlying processes: biological activity, dilution by high discharge, seasonal effects and the influence of wastewater. From analysing the data of single stations separately, these processes were found to be active throughout the complete reach. Considering the oxygen budget of the river, the variance of biological activity, representing the counteracting processes of primary production and microbial degradation, was found to be most important. This principal component explained 79% of the observed variance of oxygen saturation. In contrast, the analysis of a reduced data set from the 1970s showed that oxygen saturation was then dominated by discharge and temperature variations. The findings indicate that the oxygen budget used to be governed directly by the emission of degradable matter, whereas nowadays eutrophication is most important for extreme oxygen concentrations. Therefore, controlling eutrophication has to be the primary goal, in order to mitigate the rare episodes of pronounced oxygen over‐ and undersaturation in the future. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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大型深水水库溶解氧层化结构演化机制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
深水水库溶解氧(DO)的演化成因目前尚不完全清楚,研究其演变机制对制定水库水质保护和管理策略十分重要.本文以我国京津冀地区重要的大型深水水源水库潘家口水库为例,系统分析了水库水温和DO浓度的时空分布特征、演化成因,以及水库的水质响应情况.结果表明:4月中旬-11月底该水库存在显著的季节性热分层,水库热分层为DO层化结构的形成提供了垂向分异性物理环境;与热分层类似,DO层化表现为3层结构,本文从上至下将其分别定义为混合层、氧跃层和氧亏层.垂向各层不同生化过程的作用为DO浓度空间差异性演变提供了驱动力,其中混合层受浮游藻类过量生长的影响,DO往往处于过饱和状态;氧跃层受大量生物的呼吸及有机物分解等耗氧的影响,DO浓度急剧下降,7-8月一般处于缺氧状态(DO2 mg/L);氧亏层受重污染沉积物耗氧的影响,DO浓度持续下降,热分层末期水库底部可能出现缺氧.热分层末期DO浓度降低的同时,沉积物中会发生Mn的还原、Mn-P解吸释放等现象,但沉积物中含量较高的Fe没有发生还原以及Fe-P的解吸释放现象.潘家口水库目前正在逼近缺氧、内源污染大量释放的临界点,其水环境治理应予以高度重视. 相似文献
4.
溶解氧是水生生态系统健康程度的重要度量指标,研究溶解氧时空变化及其影响因素对揭示河流溶解氧动态过程和理解水体生物地球化学循环具有重要意义. 当前,许多河流均存在溶解氧偏低问题,严重影响河流水质. 基于此,收集了珠江流域东江(东莞段)上游桥头、中游樟村和下游沙田泗盛3个水质监测站的实测资料,采用折线图和箱型图分析溶解氧在月、季节和年际时间尺度下的变化规律及其空间差异; 采用最大信息系数、交叉小波转换和多元线性回归3种方法解析溶解氧时空变化的影响因素. 结果表明：空间分布上,溶解氧浓度从上游到下游逐渐降低,低值区分布在入海口处的沙田泗盛站,多年平均溶解氧浓度仅为3.11 mg/L. 时间变化上,2011—2019年溶解氧主要在11.64个月的周期下循环变化. 溶解氧展现出明显的季节性. 3个站点丰水期溶解氧浓度比枯水期分别降低1.68、2.03和1.77 mg/L. 驱动因素上,溶解氧的时空变化受到多个因素的综合作用. 桥头站和樟村站水质较好,水温是这两个站点溶解氧时空变化的主要影响因素. 其主要在8~16个月的周期上调控溶解氧变化,在两个站点分别可以解释溶解氧整体变化的70%和57%. 沙田泗盛站受多条支流汇入的影响,水体中硝化和氧化作用耗氧增强,加之悬浮物遮光效应,使得该处的溶解氧浓度降低. 相似文献
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溶解氧（DO）对湖库的生物地球化学循环、生态系统结构和功能起着至关重要的作用,也是评价水生态系统的敏感性指标.DO浓度的降低对水生态有着重要影响.结果显示,多数湖库在夏秋季热分层期间,由于温跃层较高的密度梯度、藻类衰亡和有机质的降解以及微生物的呼吸作用会消耗大量的DO,从而形成温跃层溶解氧最小值（MOM）,甚至在该区域诱发厌氧状态.MOM可驱动浮游动物日夜垂向迁移,影响无脊椎动物和鱼类分布迁移模式及种群结构,破坏水体生态分布,致使生物非正常死亡,危害水体生态安全;此外,MOM也可诱发温跃层温室气体（CH4和CO2）大量形成,影响水源地水质,成为湖库生态安全隐患.目前对MOM所导致的生态风险和水质问题以及最终的控制方法已有较多研究成果,但缺乏综述性的研究.本文从MOM研究历史、研究方法、形成原因、生态风险及控制方法等方面进行论述,并展望今后研究热点,旨在推进MOM的相关研究进展,保障湖库生态平衡和供水水质安全. 相似文献
6.
天山天池水体季节性分层特征 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
于2014年6-10月,对高山深水湖泊天山天池水温、电导率、溶解氧、p H值、叶绿素a浓度和蓝绿藻细胞密度进行垂直剖面的连续监测,通过对其季节动态和垂直分层结构的分析,探讨天池水体季节性分层特征.天池出现明显水温分层的时间短(6-9月),夏季温跃层变化范围为2~18 m,而秋季温跃层不断下移,10月在18 m水深以下;受水温分层影响,天池水体溶解氧浓度、电导率、p H值、叶绿素a浓度和蓝绿藻细胞密度在垂直剖面表现出明显的季节性分层,尤其是夏季水温分层影响溶解氧浓度、叶绿素a浓度和蓝绿藻细胞密度在水体中的分布,对天池水质变化产生重要影响.天池浅水层(水深小于10 m)溶解氧浓度较高(大于8 mg/L),而深水层(水深超过18 m)溶解氧浓度9月接近4 mg/L,季节性缺氧导致底泥营养盐向上扩散,对水体水质产生不利影响.所以,应在夏、秋季节加强水质监测,以防止天池水华发生;天池叶绿素a浓度与蓝绿藻细胞密度的垂直剖面变化趋势相似,均随水深增加呈先增加后减小的趋势,但叶绿素a浓度在2~12 m水深处较高,蓝绿藻细胞密度在5~15 m水深处较高,表明5~15 m深度适合藻类生长,同时,电导率、p H值的垂直变化也说明藻类的生长情况,这为监测天池水体富营养化取样和分析提供依据. 相似文献
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Spatial and temporal variability in ground water–surface water interactions in the hyporheic zone of a salmonid spawning stream was investigated. Four locations in a 150‐m reach of the stream were studied using hydrometric and hydrochemical tracing techniques. A high degree of hydrological connectivity between the riparian hillslope and the stream channel was indicated at two locations, where hydrochemical changes and hydraulic gradients indicated that the hyporheic zone was dominated by upwelling ground water. The chemistry of ground water reflected relatively long residence times and reducing conditions with high levels of alkalinity and conductivity, low dissolved oxygen (DO) and nitrate. At the other locations, connectivity was less evident and, at most times, the hyporheic zone was dominated by downwelling stream water characterized by high DO, low alkalinity and conductivity. Substantial variability in hyporheic chemistry was evident at fine (<10 m) spatial scales and changed rapidly over the course of hydrological events. The nature of the hydrochemical response varied among locations depending on the strength of local ground water influence. It is suggested that greater emphasis on spatial and temporal heterogeneity in ground water–surface water interactions in the hyporheic zone is necessary for a consideration of hydrochemical effects on many aspects of stream ecology. For example, the survival of salmonid eggs in hyporheic gravels varied considerably among the locations studied and was shown to be associated with variation in interstitial chemistry. River restoration schemes and watershed management strategies based only on the surface expression of catchment characteristics risk excluding consideration of potentially critical subsurface processes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
8.
《水文科学杂志》2013,58(2):362-366
Abstract Most commonly used biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and dissolved oxygen (DO) models have been tested for their applicability in the River Kali, which is one of the most polluted rivers in India. A total of 732 field data sets were generated during field survey from March 1999 to February 2000. The modelling of BOD and DO in the River Kali involves derivation and solution of the governing equations that describe concentration change with time and space brought on by advective, decay, settling and loading functions. However, due to continuous discharges (e.g. from wastewater treatment plants) and steady-state flow conditions in the River Kali, the dispersion effects are found to be insignificant. In the analysis, the model parameters used in BOD-DO models were optimized using the Newton-Raphson technique and the performance of different models was evaluated using correlation statistics (r 2) and error estimation, viz. standard error (SE) and mean multiplicative error (MME). The results indicate that the BOD-DO models developed after Camp (1963) yielded the best agreement with the observed values as compared with several other approaches. 相似文献
9.
Synoptic water sampling at a fixed site monitoring station provides only limited ‘snap‐shots’ of the complex water quality dynamics within a surface water system. However, water quality often changes rapidly in both spatial and temporal dimensions, especially in highly polluted urban rivers. In this study, we designed and applied a continuous longitudinal sampling technique to monitor the fine‐scale spatial changes of water quality conditions, assess water pollutant sources, and determine the assimilative capacity for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in an urban segment of the hypoxic Wen‐Rui Tang River in eastern China. The continuous longitudinal sampling was capable of collecting dissolved oxygen (DO) data every 5 s yielding a ~11 m sampling interval with a precision of ±0.1 mg L?1. The Streeter and Phelps BOD‐DO model was used to calculate: (1) the oxygen consumption coefficient (K1) required for calibration of water quality models, (2) BOD assimilative capacity, and (3) BOD source and load identification. In the 2014 m river segment sampled, the oxygen consumption coefficient (K1) was 0.428 d?1 (20°C), the total BOD discharge was 916 kg d?1, and the BOD assimilative capacity was 382 kg d?1 when the minimum DO level was set to 2 mg L?1. In addition, the longitudinal analysis identified eight major drainage outlets (BOD point sources), which were verified by field observations. This new approach provides a simple, cost‐effective method of evaluating BOD‐DO dynamics over large spatial areas with rapidly changing water quality conditions, such as urban environments. It represents a major breakthrough in the development and application of water quality sampling techniques to obtain spatially distributed DO and BOD in real time. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
Factors controlling the temporal variability in dissolved oxygen regime of salmon spawning gravels 
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下载免费PDF全文 D. A. Sear I. Pattison A. L. Collins M. D. Newson J. I. Jones P. S. Naden P. A. Carling 《水文研究》2014,28(1):86-103
Dissolved oxygen (DO) plays a critical role in the development of the juvenile stages of benthic spawning fish and salmonids in particular. Factors influencing the DO regime within spawning gravels include the accumulation of fine sediment, penetration of groundwater or surface water into the gravels, thermal regime, and the consumption of oxygen by sediment and its associated organic fractions. In this field study, we quantify the DO regime within an artificial salmon redd at high temporal resolution. The environment within the redd is shown to be complex, with large variations in DO. Application of a numerical model (SIDO‐UK) enables for the first time, the quantification of the relative contributions to DO consumption from thermal regime, sediment accumulation and sediment oxygen demand. Sediment accumulation is shown to have a minor impact on DO in the redd whereas upwelling groundwater is identified as the most likely cause of the major changes in DO. Bed mobility has a minor impact on DO regime of the redd. The effects of fine sediment and oxygen supply on salmon embryo survival are estimated. Implications for river catchment management and prospects for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
11.
A back‐propagation algorithm neural network (BPNN) was developed to synchronously simulate concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and dissolved oxygen (DO) in response to agricultural non‐point source pollution (AGNPS) for any month and location in the Changle River, southeast China. Monthly river flow, water temperature, flow travel time, rainfall and upstream TN, TP and DO concentrations were selected as initial inputs of the BPNN through coupling correlation analysis and quadratic polynomial stepwise regression analysis for the outputs, i.e. downstream TN, TP and DO concentrations. The input variables and number of hidden nodes of the BPNN were then optimized using a combination of growing and pruning methods. The final structure of the BPNN was determined from simulated data based on experimental data for both the training and validation phases. The predicted values obtained using a BPNN consisting of the seven initial input variables (described above), one hidden layer with four nodes and three output variables matched well with observed values. The model indicated that decreasing upstream input concentrations during the dry season and control of NPS along the reach during average and flood seasons may be an effective way to improve Changle River water quality. If the necessary water quality and hydrology data are available, the methodology developed here can easily be applied to other case studies. The BPNN model is an easy‐to‐use modelling tool for managers to obtain rapid preliminary identification of spatiotemporal water quality variations in response to natural and artificial modifications of an agricultural drainage river. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
A River Water Quality Model for Chlorophyll and Dissolved Oxygen that Accommodates Zebra Mussel Metabolism 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The development, testing and application of a dynamic two-dimensional (longitudinal-vertical) mass balance model for dissolved oxygen (DO) and chlorophyll (Chl) for rivers is documented that for the first time accommodates both the oxygen demand and filtering effects of zebra mussels. The test system is a phytoplankton-rich section ( 15 km long) of the Seneca River, NY, that is believed to represent an upper bound of the impact of this exotic invader. Changes in common measures of water quality of the river brought about by the zebra mussel invasion are reviewed and related longitudinal patterns in DO, Chl, and Secchi disc transparency are documented. Model testing is supported by comprehensive measurements of DO, Chl, and various forcing conditions over a three-month period, and independent determinations of several model coefficients. Wide variations in the areal consumption rate of DO (ZOD; g·m–2·d–1) and filtering rate (m3·m–2·d–1) of zebra mussels, as determined through model calibration, occurred over the study period. Values of ZOD in areas with dense zebra mussel populations at times (e.g., > 50 g·m–2·d–1) were an order of magnitude greater than the sediment oxygen demand associated with organically enriched deposits. The value of determinations of these fluxes from model calibration procedures is evaluated within the context of the limitations of protocols presently available to support independent specification of these rates. Model analyses are conducted to evaluate the relative magnitude of source and sink processes for DO and Chl, the potential operation and implications of feedback from low DO levels on oxygen consumption by zebra mussels, and the sensitivity of model simulations to selected sources of uncertainty and variability. Model projections of oxygen resources of the river are presented in a probabilistic format in evaluating reductions in zebra mussel biomass that would be necessary to eliminate violations of standards and regain assimilative capacity. 相似文献
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《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》2000,20(2):46-54
An in situ instrumentation bundle was designed for inclusion in monitoring wells that were installed at the Wasatch Trailer Sales site in Layton, Utah, to evaluate in situ air sparging (IAS) and in-well aeration (IWA). Sensors for the bundle were selected based on laboratory evaluation of accuracy and precision, as well as consideration of size and cost. SenSym pressure transducers, Campbell Scientific Inc. (CSI) T-type thermocouples, and dissolved oxygen (DO) probes manufactured by Technalithics Inc. (Waco, Texas), were selected for each of the 27 saturated zone bundles. Each saturated zone bundle also included a stirring blade to mix water near the DO probe. A Figaro oxygen sensor was included in the vadose zone bundle. The monitoring wells were installed by direct push technique to minimize soil disruption and to ensure intimate contact between the 18 inch (46 cm) long screens and the soil. A data acquisition system, comprised of a CSI 21X data logger and four CSI AM416 multiplexers, was used to control the stirring blades and record signals from more than 70 in situ sensors. The instrumentation performed well during evaluation of IAS and IWA at the site. However, the SenSym pressure transducers were not adequately temperature compensated and will need to be replaced. 相似文献
14.
Marco Costa A. Manuela Gon?alves 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2011,25(2):151-163
The aim of this contribution is to combine statistical methodologies to geographically classify homogeneous groups of water
quality monitoring sites based on similarities in the temporal dynamics of the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, in order
to obtain accurate forecasts of this quality variable. Our methodology intends to classify the water quality monitoring sites
into spatial homogeneous groups, based on the DO concentration, which has been selected and considered relevant to characterize
the water quality. We apply clustering techniques based on Kullback Information, measures that are obtained in the state space
modelling process. For each homogeneous group of water quality monitoring sites we model the DO concentration using linear
and state space models, which incorporate tendency and seasonality components in different ways. Both approaches are compared
by the mean squared error (MSE) of forecasts. 相似文献
15.
夏季短期调水对太湖贡湖湾湖区水质及藻类的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
贡湖湾作为"引江济太"工程长江来水进入太湖的第一站,湖湾水体生态环境的变化是对调水工程净水效果的最好响应,因此本文针对贡湖湾一次夏季短期调水展开调查研究,分别取2013年7月24日(调水前)和2013年8月18日(短期调水后)两次监测水样的水体理化指标和浮游藻类群落数据进行了对比分析,并对浮游藻类群落与环境因子做了相关性分析.结果表明:受来水影响,短期调水后监测区水体的p H略有下降,溶解氧、浊度、硝态氮、总氮、总磷以及高锰酸盐指数等水体理化指标浓度均较调水前有所升高;其中受调水影响最为显著的区域为望虞河的入湖口区、湾心区.两次监测调水前后湖区水体优势藻种属未发生变化,仍以微囊藻为主,但蓝藻种属比例有所下降,绿藻和硅藻等种属比例则有所上升.望虞河入湖口区和贡湖湾湾心区的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数受调水的影响升高.同时,浮游藻类群落结构与受水水体理化参数的冗余分析结果表明,此次监测的短期调水后,太湖贡湖湾监测湖区水体p H、溶解氧、硝态氮、总氮、总磷、高锰酸盐指数等环境因子与浮游藻类的群落分布呈显著相关,是影响受水水体中藻类群落的主要环境因子. 相似文献
16.
Joseph D. Conroy Leon Boegman Hongyan Zhang William J. Edwards David A. Culver 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2011,73(2):289-304
Calculated hypolimnetic oxygen depletion (HOD) rates depend not only on environmental factors but also logistical ones. In
particular, lack of understanding of the effects of weather in addition to how sampling effort determines calculated HOD rates
complicates ecological understanding and environmental management of lake ecosystems. To better determine the roles of weather
and sampling effort, we combined (1) weekly measurements of temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations from seven
stations in the Sandusky subbasin of Lake Erie’s central basin during 2005, (2) contemporaneous measures of storm activity
and tributary discharge, and (3) a two-dimensional coupled hydrodynamic, chemical, and biological model of Lake Erie to investigate
(1) how increased storm activity and tributary discharge affected short- (daily) and long-term (seasonal) dynamics of hypolimnetic
hypoxia, and (2) how spatial (number of sites sampled) and temporal (sampling frequency) sampling effort affected calculated
HOD rates. Our model closely replicated field-observed DO dynamics. When comparing baseline modeled dynamics to those in a
second simulation with twice the number of days with high winds, however, we found that with more storm activity (1) periods
of entrainment became more frequent, (2) the hypolimnion was warmer, (3) thermal stratification occurred 1 month later, whereas
autumnal turnover occurred at least 1 week earlier shortening the duration of stratification by 1–2 months, and (4) HOD rates
increased 12%. Further, spatial and temporal sampling intensity also affected calculated HOD rates. Consequently, adequately
quantifying actual HOD rates requires sufficient sampling effort and the particular role of weather should be assessed with
rigorous field and simulation studies, especially if HOD rates are used to indicate management success. 相似文献
17.
济南市不同区域水生生物与水环境因子的响应关系 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
水生生物与水环境因子是水生态系统中重要的组成部分，研究水生生物与水环境因子的响应关系对制定水生态系统修复方案具有重要意义.于2014年5、8和10月，对济南市水生态系统进行野外采样调查.共设36个采样点，采集鱼类、底栖动物、浮游动物和浮游植物四种生物，并测定了26个水环境因子.采用Spearman相关分析法、小提琴图法和冗余分析法，筛选主要的水环境因子，分析济南市水生生物丰富度和主要水环境因子的分布特征，以及两者间的相互关系.结果表明，共筛选出6个主要的水环境因子，分别为流量（Flow）、溶解氧（DO）、栖息地质量指数（QHEI）、电导率（Cond）、化学需氧量（COD）和总氮（TN）.黄河区Flow、DO、QHEI和水生生物丰富度均较高，小清河区COD、TN、Cond和水生生物丰富度最低.黄河区Cond与鱼类丰富度呈显著相关，城区TN与底栖动物丰富度呈显著相关，小清河区COD、DO和QHEI对水生生物丰富度有显著影响，徒骇马颊河区TN对水生生物丰富度有显著影响.该研究为济南市水生态修复方案的制定提供参考，也为其他城市水生态文明建设提供一种思路. 相似文献
18.
Modelling spatial variations in dissolved oxygen in fine‐grained streams under uncertainty 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 This paper presents a novel triple‐layer model, called VART DO‐3L, for simulation of spatial variations in dissolved oxygen (DO) in fine‐grained streams, characterized by a fluid mud (fluff or flocculent) layer (an advection‐dominated storage zone) as the interface between overlying stream water and relatively consolidated streambed sediment (a diffusion‐dominated storage zone). A global sensitivity analysis is conducted to investigate the sensitivity of VART DO‐3L model input parameters. Results of the sensitivity analysis indicate that the most sensitive parameter is the relative size of the advection‐dominated storage zones (As/A), followed by a lumped reaction term (R) for the flocculent layer, biological reaction rate (μo) in diffusive layer and biochemical oxygen demand concentration (L) in water column. In order to address uncertainty in model input parameters, Monte Carlo simulations are performed to sample parameter values and to produce various parameter combinations or cases. The VART DO‐3L model is applied to the Lower Amite River in Louisiana, USA, to simulate vertical and longitudinal variations in DO under the cases. In terms of longitudinal variation, the DO level decreases from 7.9 mg l at the Denham Springs station to about 2.89 mg l?1 at the Port Vincent station. In terms of vertical variation, the DO level drops rapidly from the overlying water column to the advection‐dominated storage zone and further to the diffusive layer. The DO level (CF) in the advective layer (flocculent layer) can reach as high as 40% of DO concentration (C) in the water column. The VART DO‐3L model may be applied to similar rivers for simulation of spatial variations in DO level. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
江西柘林水库是长江中游的大型峡谷型旅游性水库,库容79.2×10~8m~3,长115 km.2015年4月在56 km的中心库区走航和定点测量了水库表层水体浮游藻类、叶绿素a(Chl.a)浓度与溶解无机氮(DIN)浓度、溶解无机磷(DIP)浓度、溶解硅(DSi)浓度、水温、浊度和溶解氧浓度等环境因子的分布特征.结果表明:1)水库属于中营养水体,表层主要浮游藻类(细胞丰度1000 cells/L)有34种,平均生物量为0.41 mg/L.主要优势藻类(优势度≥0.02)为硅藻和蓝藻,藻类组成与DIN浓度、DIP浓度、DSi浓度和水温等环境因子关系密切,4种因子对藻类结构的解释水平达60%以上.2)水库水体Chl.a浓度具有显著的次表层叶绿素最大值(SCM)现象,SCM层深度为3~8 m,厚度为2~7 m,SCM层占整个水体的25.2%~74.1%.SCM层的藻类对营养盐吸收消耗致使DIN、DIP和DSi浓度下降,同时藻类的产氧使溶解氧浓度增加.3)水库对DSi具有显著的生物过滤器效应,中、上层约有11%~12%的DSi被生物吸收利用,从上游至下游,累积约有21%的DSi被藻类吸收沉降于库底.4)人类氮、磷排放对水库生态和水质有严重影响,毗邻县城区域水体的Chl.a和DIP浓度分别是自然河段的2.9倍和3倍左右. 相似文献
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N. M. Shchegol’kova 《Water Resources》2007,34(2):217-228
Results of long-term monitoring of water quality parameters of the Moskva River section within the limits of the city are generalized. The dynamics in quality parameters of the water entering the city wastewater treatment plants, purified effluents of the treatment plants, and river water is analyzed. A relationship between the concentration of organic matter in the river water at the exit from the city and WWTP capacity is demonstrated. Periods of unfavorable environmental state of the river in terms of oxygen regime are singled out based on oxygen regime dynamics. Variations in the river self-purification process are shown. It is stated that purified effluents of the WWTP are a component of the city hydrological system. 相似文献