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1.
阵风锋在短时大风预报中的应用 总被引：14，自引：3，他引：14
应用石家庄及周边县（市）风自记、多普勒雷达等短时高频资料，对2005年5—8月石家庄出现的短时大风及其与阵风锋、对流降水关系进行统计，侧重分析了2005年6月17日强对流性雷雨云外围产生的阵风锋造成的雷雨大风过程。结果表明：阵风锋在雷达反射率因子图上表现为强对流回波前方近地层的条状或孤状弱窄带回波；在径向速度图上表现为风向、风速急剧变化的辐合带区域；速度图中的风辐合最强处与强度图中阵风锋回波位置相符，并且与风速演变曲线中的峰值有很好对应；阵风锋移向和移速提前预示了主体对流回波传播方向、强对流天气的强弱以及短时大风的时空分布，从而为灾害性天气的短时及临近预报提供参考依据。 相似文献
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利用常规观测资料、加密自动站资料、自动站5 min资料、天气雷达资料和风廓线雷达组网资料,对2017年7月27日夜间出现在成都地区的一次雷暴大风天气过程进行分析,结果表明:本次过程发生在副热带高压和切变线共同影响下,地面辐合线、弱垂直风切变、层结不稳定和较大的对流有效位能为雷暴大风的发生提供了有利的环境条件。此次雷暴大风天气过程是由多单体风暴产生的;雷达回波具有窄带回波、反射率因子质心快速下降、风暴前侧出流、后侧入流和中层径向辐合等特征,这些特征对监测和预警雷暴大风有很好的指示意义。雷暴高压和强冷中心对雷暴大风的形成和维持有着重要作用。在大风过程中,风向突变伴有瞬时风速增大,但风向突变出现时间较最大瞬时风速出现提前了5 min左右,中尺度气旋式辐合的出现时间较最大瞬时风速有15 min的提前量。阵风锋坡度愈大,前侧上升气流坡度愈大;阵风锋后部的垂直风速变化落后于水平风速的变化。 相似文献
3.
应用多普勒雷达观测资料和自动气象站资料,对2007年7月31目发生在陕西中部一次阵风锋天气过程分析,结果表明：阵风锋的强度为15-25dBz,生命史可达3h以上;阵风锋上有风向和（或）风速的辐合;阵风锋一般都对应边界层的弱辐合线,弱辐合线的演变与对流风暴和阵风锋的发生、发展、消亡密切相关;阵风锋过境时无降水产生,但会引起阵风涌升和产生灾害性大风;阵风锋可以作为未来目标区域大风预警的重要参考指标;阵风锋是触发新对流的因子之一。 相似文献
4.
利用常规天气资料、卫星云图资料、乌鲁木齐市多普勒雷达资料、AWOS资料对乌鲁木齐机场2006年5月18日发生的一次小尺度天气带来的强雷暴进行分析,结果表明：雷暴天气发生在较强降水过程之后较低气温条件下的一次特殊天气。雷暴天气发生时,乌鲁木齐机场个别时刻跑道两端出现了风向和风速变化的不连续,在跑道上形成了水平风切变。此次雷暴天气是在北疆地区存在高空急流及500hPa高空槽的特定大尺度天气背景下,由地面能量锋、地面辐合线、干线触发的强对流天气。 相似文献
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云南一次强对流冰雹过程的环流及雷达回波特征分析 总被引：20，自引：5，他引：20
详细分析了云南2001年7月6日强对流冰雹天气过程的多普勒雷达加密观测回波资料和各种物理量场。结果表明,高层辐散流场和低层辐合流场的配置形成大气强烈不稳定,在有利的大尺度背景条件下产生的三个中-β系统直接导致此次滇中强对流冰雹天气过程,在多普勒雷达回波上具有典型的右后侧V型槽口回波、弱回波区(WER)、弓形回波、阵风锋回波、钩状回波、回波墙穹隆(弱回波区)和悬挂回波等特征,并且强回波区与多普勒雷达速度场上的逆风区、大风区和风辐合区相关。 相似文献
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利用多普勒天气雷达、宝坻和西青两部风廓线雷达、天津250m气象铁塔观测资料,结合NCEP再分析资料、探空资料、地面加密自动站和自动站分钟资料,对2014年6月8日发生在天津地区的一次弱降水雷暴大风过程进行分析。结果表明:(1)此次过程属于西北气流型雷暴大风,低层强垂直风切变和较大的温度直减率为雷暴大风的出现提供有利环境条件;(2)此过程共经历弓形回波复合体、阵风锋和单体弓形回波3个阶段,雷暴大风的强度与强回波核伸展高度以及下落时间有关,回波核伸展高度越高,下落时间越短,雷暴大风强度越强;(3)强冷池的快速移动是弓形回波复合体阶段雷暴大风的直接原因,冷空气首先从2.3km高度入侵,10min后地面出现雷暴大风。天津南部具有不稳定能量高值中心,配合地面中尺度辐合线的触发作用导致单体弓形回波阶段雷暴大风;(4)阵风锋阶段上升与下沉气流共存,下沉速度峰值的下传特征较地面雷暴大风的出现提前20min,2km以上的对流层中低层为上升运动。 相似文献
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《气象研究与应用》2016,(2)
利用常规观测资料、多普勒天气雷达资料和地面加密观测数据,对2014年6月8~9日发生在南宁的两次阵风锋天气进行分析。得到以下结论:阵风锋回波强度为10-20dBZ,水平尺度20km,呈弧状,成熟时高度大概1.5km,阵风锋只是对流层低层的浅薄系统。阵风锋移动速度与母体雷暴移动速度的关系对雷暴的发展与减弱有很好的指示作用。阵风锋前沿有明显的风速辐合,可以触发新的对流单体的生成。两条阵风锋的相遇合并会使得阵风锋加强,更易触发新的对流单体产生。阵风锋愈强,其过境时所引起的风速增大的现象就愈明显。单体质心的快速下降和反射率因子核心的快速下降对地面雷暴大风有很好的指示作用,约可提前半小时预警。 相似文献
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利用西安多普勒雷达观测资料、NCEP再分析资料和自动气象站资料,对2016年6月4日发生在咸阳机场附近的一次阵风锋天气展开研究。这次过程是由蒙古低涡主导,低涡后部的冷空气南下触发对流引起的,阵风锋过境时咸阳机场产生了2.2mm降水和19.7m·s^(-1)的大风天气,多架次航班受到影响。从雷达回波的分析发现,这次阵风锋的特征表现为,生命史2h左右,回波强度5~25dBz,长度约70km,平均移速达49.7km·h^(-1),伴有明显的窄带回波和辐合线。对雷达基数据进行质量控制后,设计了自动识别软件,在强度场上利用双向梯度算法,以及速度场上使用Shear参量算法,根据窄带回波和辐合线的空间一致性,对该阵风锋的位置和强度进行识别。最后利用临界成功指数对这个软件进行评估,本次阵风锋的识别率达到83.33%,表明该软件能够识别阵风锋,可在业务中使用。 相似文献
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利用常规资料、自动站加密资料、探空资料、ERA5再分析数据及多普勒天气雷达资料,对2021年4月30日影响浙北沿海的一次强对流天气过程进行分析。结果表明:(1)此次过程发生在高空冷涡及其槽后强劲的西北急流背景下,低空切变线和地面辐合线共同提供了抬升触发条件。(2)适当的对流抑制能量CIN、相对较低的自由对流高度LFC和较高的对流有效位能CAPE有利于形成上冷下暖的不稳定层结,深厚的垂直风切变配合中层干空气夹卷,使得强对流天气进一步发生、维持和发展。(3)此次阵风锋发展经历了3个阶段,产生阵风锋的雷暴主体发展强烈并引起地面大风时,存在强回波中心高度快速下降、后侧中层强入流、径向速度辐散场及速度模糊等特征。(4)强冷空气堆下沉形成气压梯度密集区和风温湿切变易造成雷暴大风天气,负变温中心及正变压中心对强对流有一定指示性。(5)阵风锋过境时常出现气压陡升、风速加大、风向突变、温度骤降,由于雷达观测距离限制,预报员需前期分析潜势,结合自动站要素与雷达信息共同研判。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
14.
Connections between the Eurasian teleconnection and concurrent variation of upper-level jets over East Asia 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The variation of the East Asian jet stream(EAJS) associated with the Eurasian(EU) teleconnection pattern is investigated using 60-yr NCEP–NCAR daily reanalysis data over the period 1951–2010. The EAJS consists of three components: the polar front jet(PFJ); the plateau subtropical jet(PSJ); and the ocean subtropical jet(OSJ). Of these three jets over East Asia,the EU pattern exhibits a significant influence on the PFJ and OSJ. There is a simultaneous negative correlation between the EU pattern and the PFJ. A significant positive correlation is found between the EU pattern and the OSJ when the EU pattern leads the OSJ by about 5 days. There is no obvious correlation between the EU pattern and the PSJ. The positive EU phase is accompanied by a weakened and poleward-shifted PFJ, which coincides with an intensified OSJ. A possible mechanism for the variation of the EAJS during different EU phases is explored via analyzing the effects of 10-day high-and low-frequency eddy forcing. The zonal wind tendency due to high-frequency eddy forcing contributes to the simultaneous negative correlation between the EU pattern and the PFJ, as well as the northward/southward shift of the PFJ. High- and low-frequency eddy forcing are both responsible for the positive correlation between the EU pattern and the OSJ, but only high-frequency eddy forcing contributes to the lagged variation of the OSJ relative to the EU pattern. The negative correlation between the EU pattern and winter temperature and precipitation anomalies in China is maintained only when the PFJ and OSJ are out of phase with each other. Thus, the EAJS plays an important role in transmitting the EU signal to winter temperature and precipitation anomalies in China. 相似文献
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<p>PARTITION OF SEASON BASED ON MULTIELEMENTS AND THE DECADAL CHANGE OF SEASON DURATION IN CHINA</p>
<p>Using the multielements similarity measurement method and 1950–C2017 NCEP/NCAR gridded daily reanalysis datasets, we analyzed season duration in China during 1950–C2016, and we defined the element with maximum absolute sensitivity as the key impact element at each point using the sensitivity analysis method. The decadal change of season duration and its key impact element before and after 1980 were studied. The results indicated obvious meridional and zonal differences in the distribution of season duration for the 67-year average, and that the key impact element has the same distribution characteristics as season duration. In addition, complementary relationships were found between the durations of spring and summer, autumn and winter, and the cold and warm seasons. Of those, the complementary relationship between the durations of spring and summer was strongest and the regions of complementarity were numerous. The complementary regions of autumn and winter durations were found mainly in western China. In the cold and warm seasons, the complementary regions were widespread and the complementary relationship was generally weak. Comparison of the periods before and after 1980 revealed an east–Cwest difference in the interdecadal variation of season duration. Interdecadal variation in spring and summer was found concentrated in northern and western regions, while that in autumn and winter was concentrated in the western region. Areas of significant interdecadal variation of the key elements were found concentrated in northern and western regions, corresponding well with the areas of significant interdecadal variation of season duration.</p> 相似文献
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By using the gauged rainfall in 160 stations within mainland China and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the impacts of anomalous SST in Kuroshio and its extension on precipitation in Northeast China were investigated. The results show that a difference in the meridional circulation such as the East Asia/Pacific teleconnection pattern(EAP)may be responsible for the difference in rainfall between 1998 and 2010. In comparison with 1998, the anomalous meridional circulation pattern in 2010 shifted northeastward, and then the western subtropical high, the mid-latitudinal trough and the northeastern Asia blocking high also shifted northeastward, causing intensified convergence of the cold and warm air masses at the southern region and thus more rainfall in the southwestern region and less in the northwestern region. In 1998, the anomalous cyclone, one component of the meridional pattern, located at the Songhuajiang-Nengjiang River basin, resulted in more rainfall in the majority of the area. The results of observation and the model show that the difference in SSTA in Kuroshio and its extension under the background of different El Ni觡o events is the key point:(1) The anomalous warmth moved westward from the mid-Pacific to the east of the Philippine Sea during the central event, which led the heat resources shifting to the northeast in 2010; subsequently, a shift occurred to the north of the anomalous ascent and decent, followed by a warm SSTA in the region of Kuroshio's extension in 2010 and Kuroshio in 1998.(2) The warm SSTA in the Kuroshio extension causing the Rossby wave activity flux strengthened in 2010, and then the westerly jet shifted northward and extended eastward. A warm SSTA in Kuroshio and cold SSTA in its extension in 1998 caused the westerly jet to shift southward and weaken. As a result,the anomalous anticyclone and cyclone shifted northward in 2010, and the blocking high also shifted northward. 相似文献
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Understanding potential future influence of environmental, economic, and social drivers on land-use and sustainability is critical for guiding strategic decisions that can help nations adapt to change, anticipate opportunities, and cope with surprises. Using the Land-Use Trade-Offs (LUTO) model, we undertook a comprehensive, detailed, integrated, and quantitative scenario analysis of land-use and sustainability for Australia’s agricultural land from 2013–2050, under interacting global change and domestic policies, and considering key uncertainties. We assessed land use competition between multiple land-uses and assessed the sustainability of economic returns and ecosystem services at high spatial (1.1 km grid cells) and temporal (annual) resolution. We found substantial potential for land-use transition from agriculture to carbon plantings, environmental plantings, and biofuels cropping under certain scenarios, with impacts on the sustainability of economic returns and ecosystem services including food/fibre production, emissions abatement, water resource use, biodiversity services, and energy production. However, the type, magnitude, timing, and location of land-use responses and their impacts were highly dependent on scenario parameter assumptions including global outlook and emissions abatement effort, domestic land-use policy settings, land-use change adoption behaviour, productivity growth, and capacity constraints. With strong global abatement incentives complemented by biodiversity-focussed domestic land-use policy, land-use responses can substantially increase and diversify economic returns to land and produce a much wider range of ecosystem services such as emissions abatement, biodiversity, and energy, without major impacts on agricultural production. However, better governance is needed for managing potentially significant water resource impacts. The results have wide-ranging implications for land-use and sustainability policy and governance at global and domestic scales and can inform strategic thinking and decision-making about land-use and sustainability in Australia. A comprehensive and freely available 26 GB data pack (http://doi.org/10.4225/08/5604A2E8A00CC) provides a unique resource for further research. As similarly nuanced transformational change is also possible elsewhere, our template for comprehensive, integrated, quantitative, and high resolution scenario analysis can support other nations in strategic thinking and decision-making to prepare for an uncertain future. 相似文献
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Characterization and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds in urban and suburban Tianjin,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Tianjin is the third largest megacity and the fastest growth area in China, and consequently faces the problems of surface ozone and haze episodes. This study measures and characterizes volatile organic compounds(VOCs), which are ozone precursors, to identify their possible sources and evaluate their contribution to ozone formation in urban and suburban Tianjin,China during the Ha Chi(Haze in China) summer campaign in 2009. A total of 107 species of ambient VOCs were detected,and the average concentrations of VOCs at urban and suburban sites were 92 and 174 ppbv, respectively. Of those, 51 species of VOCs were extracted to analyze the possible VOC sources using positive matrix factorization. The identified sources of VOCs were significantly related to vehicular activities, which specifically contributed 60% to urban and 42% to suburban VOCs loadings in Tianjin. Industrial emission was the second most prominent source of ambient VOCs in both urban and suburban areas, although the contribution of industry in the suburban area(36%) was much higher than that at the urban area(16%). We conclude that controlling vehicle emissions should be a top priority for VOC reduction, and that fast industrialization and urbanization causes air pollution to be more complex due to the combined emission of VOCs from industry and daily life, especially in suburban areas. 相似文献
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碳交易政策的经济影响:以广东省为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过构建广东省两区域动态模型,对广东省碳交易及其他政策措施进行定量评估,分析实施可调控总量的碳交易政策机制对广东省及参与交易部门的经济影响。研究结果表明,按照减排情景到2015年广东完成19.5%的碳强度下降目标,相比基准情景,GDP将减少0.7%;按照强减排情景到2015年将完成20.5%的碳强度下降目标,相比基准情景GDP将减少0.9%;如果在强减排情景的基础上实施碳交易政策,GDP相对基准情景减少0.8%,到2015年实施碳交易政策可减少GDP损失约90亿元,说明广东建立碳排放权交易机制能够发挥支持经济发展和节能减碳双赢的作用。 相似文献