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1.
WRF和MM5模式对辽宁暴雨模拟的对比分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
用近年开发的新一代中尺度预报模式WRF(Weather Research Forecast)和已被广泛应用的MM5模式分别模拟研究了2002年8月3~4日发生在辽宁的一次区域性暴雨过程。模拟结果显示WRF模式能够比较成功地反映出导致暴雨发生的高低空环流背景和暴雨的分布状况;WRF和MM5模拟结果的对比分析表明:由于WRF的动力框架具有一定的优越性使得模式结果得到改善,在前处理和所选物理过程相同的情况下,WRF模式对能够代表本次暴雨过程中中尺度天气系统的高度场、风场、散度场、水汽通量场以及垂直速度场等物理量的模拟效果要好于MM5。高空形势场的影响使WRF模拟的降水落区和强度更接近实况。 相似文献
2.
复杂地形区陆面资料对WRF模式模拟性能的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文利用WRF（Weather Research and Forecasting）模式耦合Noah陆面过程模式,对比研究了使用不同精度陆面资料:WRF默认陆面资料、中国1 km分辨率数字高程模型数据集、2006年MODIS（MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer）土地利用和植被覆盖度资料,WRF模式对兰州地区冬季气象场模拟结果的差异。结果表明,近地面气温对陆面资料的精度非常敏感,而风场对陆面资料的精度不敏感,WRF模式对气温的模拟效果好于对风场模拟。采用高精度且时效性好的陆面资料后,WRF模拟的近地面气温准确率提高了15.8%,模拟的夜间气温改进幅度较白天大。陆面资料可影响整个边界层温度场分布,准确的陆面资料对提高WRF模式模拟近地面乃至整个边界层气象场至关重要。尽管风速模拟误差较大,但总体上WRF模式能较准确地模拟出研究区的风场演变特征。使用新的陆面资料后WRF模拟的风速误差略有减小,风向误差略有增加。干旱半干旱区冬季数值模拟需要注意土壤湿度初值和模式初始积分时刻对模拟结果的影响。 相似文献
3.
利用ERA-Interim再分析资料作为边界条件,基于耦合陆面模式Noah-MP的区域气候模式WRF在东亚区域进行了动力降尺度模拟(简称WRF2),对比格点观测资料,评估了动力降尺度对青藏高原极端气温指数的模拟能力,在此控制试验基础上,分别将WRF的陆面模式替换为Noah LSM,边界条件替换为CCSM4,进行了两组敏感性试验(分别是WRF1和WRF3),通过与控制试验的比较,分析了边界条件和陆面模式对极端气温指数模拟的影响。结果表明,WRF2能较好地模拟青藏高原极端气温指数气候态的空间分布,但存在一定的冷偏差;受边界条件影响WRF3模拟的极端气温指数的气候倾向率存在负偏差。同时,尽管采用不同的边界条件,耦合相同陆面过程的两次数值试验对极端气温空间分布的模拟能力相似,相比WRF2,WRF1表现出更强的冷偏差;但边界条件对极端气温指数气候倾向率的影响大于陆面模式,WRF3模拟的极端气温指数气候倾向率与观测结果更为接近。 相似文献
4.
西北太平洋台风季节预报的数值模拟 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用中尺度气象模式WRF（weather research and forecasting）对2006年7月1日-9月30日的西北太平洋夏季台风进行了动力季节预报试验。结果表明：1）在对3个月以内的台风作动力季节预报试验时,WRF模式模拟的台风总个数与实况接近,模式模拟的总登陆台风数与实况相比偏小。从各月模拟情况看,台风总数与登陆数的模拟均与实况有差距。WRF模式对台风强度的模拟总体偏弱。2）WRF在模拟2006年7q月台风以及平均高度场、水平风垂直切变时,7月与实况接近,随时间增长,与实况的差别明显增大．WRF模式具有一定的台风动力季节预报能力,但其预报时限有待探讨。 相似文献
5.
在程锐等（2018）中,我们完成了非静力AREM（Advanced Regional Eta-coordinate Model）模式动力框架设计。本文将通过理想和实例试验检验其模拟能力。设计理想试验并通过与国际成熟的中尺度非静力框架比较,直接检验非静力AREM三维动力框架在细致分辨率（约1 km）下的模拟性能。可以看出,非静力AREM与ARPS（Advanced Regional Prediction System）、WRF（Weather Research and Forecasting Model）模拟出类似的积云对流结构及演变特征,从而基本确证了本文发展的非静力框架的正确性。结合原静力平衡模式的初始化和物理参数化过程,形成非静力AREM模式系统。台风实例模拟表明,粗分辨率下静力、非静力AREM模式性能接近;但在高分辨率下,非静力明显优于静力模式。我们还开展了批量降水试验检验,对非静力AREM模式性能进行了进一步的验证。 相似文献
6.
引入双三次数值模式:双三次数值模式是通过作三次样条与双三次曲面拟合,实现各个大气要素量场的二阶可导,从而可对各个预报方程作时间积分。双三次数值模式适合采用大气运动原始方程组和采用水平方向准拉格朗日/垂直方向欧拉时间积分方案。且本文的全球(Z)双三次数值模式与个例模拟实际采用Navier-Stokes"浅薄大气"原始方程组,建立球面Z坐标系上的非静力、全可压、干/湿绝热大气运动动力框架。其离散化气压、气温预报方程与个例模拟揭示出大气运动中凝结降水,其天气学原因不仅是湿空气作Z坐标垂直上升运动,而且是湿空气被"减压/减温",即湿空气作P坐标"垂直上升运动",后者可由大气平流运动(如Rossby波)引起。 相似文献
7.
不同分辨率对淮河流域连续暴雨过程影响的中尺度模拟试验 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
利用NCAR 和NOAA 发展的新一代中尺度模式WRF(Weather Research and Forecast),对2003年7 月上旬发生在我国淮河流域三个连续暴雨过程(7 月1—11 日)进行了数值模拟试验,研究的重点是了解不同水平分辨率(45、30、20 和10 km)对WRF 模拟结果的影响。模拟结果与观测的比较表明,WRF 模式能够合理地模拟不同时段的降水带以及平均环流形势的分布特征,对于区域平均等压面上的物理量也有较好的模拟性能。不同分辨率的模拟结果比较表明:不同分辨率对降水的模拟效果影响较大,提高模式水平分辨率有助于预报效果的改善,但高分辨率模拟的降水强度偏强,空报偏多;不同分辨率对环流形势的模拟效果影响不大,各个分辨率的低层风场误差都存在一个5～6 天的波动,并向模式的中高层传播,传播速度约为3 天。 相似文献
8.
WRF模式对澳洲一次热带深对流系统的模拟研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用WRF(Weather Research Forecast)模式和1 °×1 °NCEP全球分析资料对2005年11月16日澳大利亚北部Tiwi岛上的一次热带深对流个例进行了数值模拟,对模式网格分辨率和微物理参数化方案的影响进行了敏感性试验,并与实测资料进行了对比。试验结果显示：模式较好地再现了这次热带对流云的日变化特征,即早期降水由沿岸的海风锋初始对流形成,之后出现单体合并现象并最终形成成熟的深对流系统。但是,模式在模拟深对流系统出现的时间及位置方面仍然需要改进。敏感性试验显示,就本次个例而言,二重嵌套方案在降水分布以及降水强度方面的模拟结果比非嵌套方案更接近实际探测。另外,微物理过程参数化方案对降水量的模拟也有一定影响,采用Purdue Lin方案的模拟结果更接近于实测情况。 相似文献
9.
全球（Z）双三次数值模式的设计与个例模拟（Ⅰ）：模式动力框架设计 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
引入双三次数值模式：双三次数值模式是通过作三次样条与双三次曲面拟合,实现各个大气要素量场的二阶可导,从而可对各个预报方程作时间积分。双三次数值模式适合采用大气运动原始方程组和采用水平方向准拉格朗日／垂直方向欧拉时间积分方案。且本文的全球（Z）双三次数值模式与个例模拟实际采用Navier—Stokes“浅薄大气”原始方程组,建立球面Z坐标系上的非静力、全可压、干／湿绝热大气运动动力框架。其离散化气压、气温预报方程与个例模拟揭示出大气运动中凝结降水,其天气学原因不仅是湿空气作Z坐标垂直上升运动。而且是湿空气被“减压／减温”,即湿空气作P坐标“垂直上升运动”,后者可由大气平流运动（如Rossby波）引起。 相似文献
10.
使用WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式对2013年海南地区气象场进行了模拟研究,并对比分析使用不同精度的陆面资料[WRF默认的陆面资料（土地利用、植被覆盖度、地形和土壤类型）,2013年MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)土地利用和植被覆盖度资料,SRTM3(Shuttle Radar Topography Mission)地形资料,HWSD(Harmonized World Soil Database)土壤类型资料]对WRF模式模拟结果的影响。结果表明：采用WRF模式默认或高精度的陆面资料都能够较为准确地模拟出当地气象场的时空分布特征;采用高精度且时效性更好的陆面资料可显著地改进WRF模式对2 m温度和2 m相对湿度的模拟,冬（夏）季的均方根误差（RMSE）分别降低了7.2%(6.5%)和6.1%(7.7%),准确率（HR）分别提高了3.7%(2.8%)和3.2%(2.9%);陆面资料的分辨率及时效性对风场模拟的影响较不敏感,总体上WRF模式仍能较为准确地模拟出研究区域内风... 相似文献
11.
D. K. Lilly 《Atmospheric Research》1996,40(2-4)
A comparative study of the incompressible and anelastic approximations is presented, including an energy budget analysis. The pure incompressible system for liquids and Durran's pseudo-incompressible system for gases decouple density from pressure fluctuations and thereby eliminate acoustic modes. The traditional Boussinesq incompressible and the Ogura-Phillips anelastic systems require linearization of the pressure-buoyancy terms in the equation of motion about a state of neutral static stability. This linearization is their principal merit but it costs accuracy, especially for strongly stratified or diabatic flows. By subtracting mean hydrostatic terms, disturbance forms of the pure incompressible and pseudo-incompressible equations of motion can be constructed, which allow a more uniform scaling of terms than the original equations but are not linearized. Conservative energy budget relations are derived for all the systems described. 相似文献
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13.
为改善球面经纬度网格在高分辨率应用的苛刻限制,提高全球大气动力模式的时间积分效率,选取以阴阳网格为基础构建通量型非静力大气模式动力框架,采用有限体积法和通量型平流显式算法积分方案,保证模式的守恒计算性能。该动力框架在标准三维大气理想试验中进行了中期积分试验,对动力框架的计算效果、性能进行检验。在三维平衡流试验,罗斯贝-豪威茨波试验和山脉罗斯贝波试验中均表现出很好的稳定性和三维计算效果,其中水平2.5°分辨率模式的平衡流垂直速度误差为10-5量级,而经向速度误差在10-2量级,罗斯贝-豪威茨波保持基本波形稳定传播,而地形罗斯贝波试验则给出背风坡激发低槽在发展过程中不断向下游和南半球传播。 相似文献
14.
A sequence of eight atmospheric density current fronts occurred in consecutive days are identified and analyzed using micrometeorological time series and numerical simulations. Observations were collected in the context of the INTERCLE project, which took place from September 2002 to November 2003 at the CIBA (Research Centre for the Lower Atmosphere) site located over the northern Spanish plateau. Numerical simulations used the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model with fine horizontal resolution (1 km). Both observations and simulations agree that the arrival of the density currents are characterized by a sharp change in temperature, wind velocity, wind direction and specific humidity and a source of intermittent turbulence. However, comparison between model and observations shows that the model predicts the intrusion of the density currents earlier than is observed. In addition, wavelet techniques applied to the data help distinguish the different scales present in the events, and therefore can reveal traces of gravity waves induced by the arrival of the density currents. 相似文献
15.
基于MIROC/WRF嵌套模式的中国气候降尺度模拟 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
开展了基于嵌套的全球模式MIROC和区域气候模式WRF的动力降尺度模拟试验,检验该模式对中国气候的模拟性能,得到以下结论:全球气候模式MIROC和WRF都能较好地模拟出中国年平均地表气温(下文简称气温)分布。WRF模式对气温场的描述更为细致,模拟出了四川盆地高温和中国最北方区域的低温。两个模式总体上对南方降水模拟好于北方地区,东部地区好于西部地区。MIROC模式模拟的年平均和各季节降水与观测的 空间相关系数在0.79～0.83之间,表明它对降水的模拟较好。WRF模式模拟的降水空间分布好于MIROC模式。MIROC模式在青藏高原东南侧存在虚假降水中心,WRF能有效改进该地区降水的模拟。两个模式对年平均气温和降水年际变率的模拟能力均较差,WRF模式相对MIROC模式有一定改进。 相似文献
16.
The present study uses the nonlinear singular vector(NFSV)approach to identify the optimally-growing tendency perturbations of the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model for tropical cyclone(TC)intensity forecasts.For nine selected TC cases,the NFSV-tendency perturbations of the WRF model,including components of potential temperature and/or moisture,are calculated when TC intensities are forecasted with a 24-hour lead time,and their respective potential temperature components are demonstrated to have more impact on the TC intensity forecasts.The perturbations coherently show barotropic structure around the central location of the TCs at the 24-hour lead time,and their dominant energies concentrate in the middle layers of the atmosphere.Moreover,such structures do not depend on TC intensities and subsequent development of the TC.The NFSV-tendency perturbations may indicate that the model uncertainty that is represented by tendency perturbations but associated with the inner-core of TCs,makes larger contributions to the TC intensity forecast uncertainty.Further analysis shows that the TC intensity forecast skill could be greatly improved as preferentially superimposing an appropriate tendency perturbation associated with the sensitivity of NFSVs to correct the model,even if using a WRF with coarse resolution. 相似文献
17.
A numerical experiment was performed using the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) model to analyze the generation and propagation of inertia-gravity waves during an orographic rainstorm that occurred in the Sichuan area on 17 August 2014. To examine the spatial and temporal structures of the inertia-gravity waves and identify the wave types, three wavenumber-frequency spectral analysis methods(Fourier analysis, cross-spectral analysis, and wavelet cross-spectrum analysis)were applied. During the storm, inertia-gravity waves appeared at heights of 10–14 km, with periods of 80–100 min and wavelengths of 40–50 km. These waves were generated over a mountain and propagated eastward at an average speed of 15–20 m s~(-1). Meanwhile, comparison between the reconstructed inertia-gravity waves and accumulated precipitation showed there was a mutual promotion process between them. The Richardson number and Scorer parameter were used to demonstrate that the eastward-moving inertia-gravity waves were trapped in an effective atmospheric ducting zone with favorable reflector and critical level conditions, which were the primary causes of the long lives of the waves. Finally, numerical experiments to test the sensitivity to terrain and diabatic heating were conducted, and the results suggested a cooperative effect of terrain and diabatic heating contributed to the propagation and enhancement of the waves. 相似文献
18.
Simulating urban flow and dispersion in Beijing by coupling a CFD model with the WRF model 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The airflow and dispersion of a pollutant in a complex urban area of Beijing, China, were numerically examined by coupling a Computational Fluid Dynamics （CFD） model with a mesoscale weather model. The models used were Open Source Field Operation and Manipulation （OpenFOAM） software package and Weather Research and Forecasting （WRF） model. OpenFOAM was firstly validated against wind-tunnel experiment data. Then, the WRF model was integrated for 42 h starting from 0800 LST 08 September 2009, and the coupled model was used to compute the flow fields at 1000 LST and 1400 LST 09 September 2009. During the WRF-simulated period, a high pressure system was dominant over the Beijing area. The WRF-simulated local circulations were characterized by mountain valley winds, which matched well with observations. Results from the coupled model simulation demonstrated that the airflows around actual buildings were quite different from the ambient wind on the boundary provided by the WRF model, and the pollutant dispersion pattern was complicated under the influence of buildings. A higher concentration level of the pollutant near the surface was found in both the step-down and step-up notches, but the reason for this higher level in each configurations was different： in the former, it was caused by weaker vertical flow, while in the latter it was caused by a downward-shifted vortex. Overall, the results of this study suggest that the coupled WRF-OpenFOAM model is an important tool that can be used for studying and predicting urban flow and dispersions in densely built-up areas. 相似文献
19.
基于美国新一代数值预报模式WRF (The Weather Research and Forecasting)及其3DVAR (Three-Dimensional Variational)同化系统,采用3DVAR直接同化雷达反射率资料,对2010年10月8日发生在云南省的暴雨过程进行三维变分同化和数值模拟试验。考察了采用不同水平分辨率和垂直层次的雷达反射率进入同化系统对暴雨预报带来的影响。结果表明:同化雷达资料相对无同化任何资料,雨带位置南移,更接近实况降水。同化不同水平分辨率的雷达反射率资料,其中水平分辨率为0.1度的反射率资料同化后,模拟的降水相对其他方案更接近实况。垂直方向上选取3500m和6000m高度的资料,对整个降水带位置和降水强度影响较大。在此个例中选取垂直层次在1000m,2000m,3000m,3500m,4000m,5000m,7000m,8000m的雷达反射率资料,模式模拟的降水更接近实况。 相似文献
20.
Peter Caldwell Hung-Neng S. Chin David C. Bader Govindasamy Bala 《Climatic change》2009,95(3-4):499-521
This paper presents results from a 40 year Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) based dynamical downscaling experiment performed at 12 km horizontal grid spacing, centered on the state of California, and forced by a 1° × 1.25° finite-volume current-climate Community Climate System Model ver. 3 (CCSM3) simulation. In-depth comparisons between modeled and observed regional-average precipitation, 2 m temperature, and snowpack are performed. The regional model reproduces the spatial distribution of precipitation quite well, but substantially overestimates rainfall along windward slopes. This is due to strong overprediction of precipitation intensity; precipitation frequency is actually underpredicted by the model. Moisture fluxes impinging on the coast seem to be well-represented over California, implying that precipitation bias is caused by processes internal to WRF. Positive-definite moisture advection and use of the Grell cumulus parameterization result in some decrease in precipitation bias, but other sources are needed to explain the full bias magnitude. Surface temperature is well simulated in all seasons except summer, when overly-dry soil moisture results in a several degree warm bias in both CCSM3 and WRF. Additionally, coastal temperatures appear to be too warm due to a coastal sea surface temperature bias inherited from CCSM3. Modeled snowfall/snowmelt agrees quite well with observations, but snow water equivalent is found to be much too low due to monthly reinitialization of all regional model fields from CCSM3 values. 相似文献