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1.
利用河北省2005年10月份的3次气溶胶飞机观测资料和宏观天气资料,综合分析石家庄地区不同天气条件下气溶胶的垂直分布和尺度谱分布特征。分析结果表明:气溶胶浓度的分布与大气环境情况密切相关。气溶胶数浓度最大值的变化范围是103~104cm-3,平均数浓度为103cm-3,粒子平均直径为0.120~0.150μm;21日近地面有霾,相对湿度为58%,近地面气溶胶浓度较17和29日略低,但粒子平均直径(0.165μm)比其余两次要大,可见相对湿度较大,大气中水汽含量较多,有利于小粒子凝结水汽,使粒子直径增大;逆温层结下,粒子在逆温层下累积,无逆温时数浓度最大值出现在近地面附近。气溶胶粒子谱呈单峰分布。 相似文献
2.
北京及周边地区2003年夏秋季气溶胶和云滴分布特征 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
对2003年夏秋季利用机载PMS在北京及周边地区进行的不同天气状况下6次气溶胶粒子探测资料进行了分析.结果表明,北京及周边地区气溶胶粒子的分布,在不同天气背景时有较大差别.粒子平均浓度的最大值为3.46×102cm-3,最大粒子浓度为5.26×103cm-3,相差一个量级;粒子平均最大直径为1.392μm,最大直径为2.75μm.粒子平均浓度的最小值为25.7cm-3.在有雾的天气条件下,气溶胶粒子浓度在近地层基本随高度的增加而减小,粒子尺度变化较为复杂.在阴雨天气情况下,气溶胶粒子浓度和尺度都有增加的现象.另外,逆温层底存在明显的气溶胶粒子累积.0℃层以下气溶胶粒子呈单峰分布,0℃层以上气溶胶出现双峰结构.小云粒子一直是多峰结构,峰值直径分别在3.5μm、12.5μm、23.5μm处. 相似文献
3.
利用2009年石家庄地区的4次机载PMS探测资料,对不同天气条件下大气气溶胶的数浓度、平均直径垂直分布和谱分布及一次晴天条件下的水平分布进行分析。结果表明：PCASP 探头探测的0.1-3.0 μm气溶胶粒子最大数浓度的量级为102-104 cm-3之间,平均值量级为102-103 cm-3之间,平均直径最大值介于0.225-0.717 μm,平均值介于0.148-0.167 μm。晴天条件下,气溶胶的数浓度随高度递减,直径随高度变化不大;逆温层底气溶胶明显积累,气溶胶浓度在大气边界层内明显高于其他层次;阴天轻雾情况下边界层内的气溶胶数浓度大于雨天和晴天,雨天气溶胶浓度最低;晴天气溶胶数浓度的水平分布不均匀;在云中气溶胶浓度明显下降,在云外气溶胶浓度较高。不同天气条件和晴天不同高度情况下,石家庄地区气溶胶谱型呈单峰分布,小于0.3 μm的细粒子对气溶胶的数浓度贡献最大,且随着高度的增加谱宽变窄。 相似文献
4.
《干旱气象》2015,(3)
利用2009年9月8日华北中南部上空的飞机探测资料,分析了石家庄市和邯郸市区附近大气气溶胶的粒子数浓度、直径、尺度谱分布等时空变化特征。分析表明,降水天气条件下,气溶胶粒子平均数浓度约为137.6个/cm3,平均直径约为0.26μm。气溶胶主要集中于2 000 m以下的对流层低层,气溶胶浓度总体上随高度增加而降低;雨后阴天轻雾天气条件下,气溶胶粒子平均数浓度约为164.7个/cm3,平均直径约为0.16μm。气溶胶在逆温层下累积现象明显,云内气溶胶数浓度明显减少。气溶胶粒子浓度水平变化受下垫面、云区分布等局地因子影响较大。石家庄600 m和6 600 m气溶胶粒子谱呈单峰分布,3 000 m粒子谱呈双峰分布。邯郸6 400 m粒子谱宽较窄,呈单峰分布。 相似文献
5.
一次秋季冷锋降水过程气溶胶与云粒子分布的飞机观测 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用机载PMS（Particle Measuring Systems）测量系统,对2008年10月4—5日石家庄地区一次冷锋降水云系的3次气溶胶和云粒子探测资料进行了分析。结果表明,冷锋过境降水前后,气溶胶粒子分布差异较大。降水发生前,气溶胶粒子平均数浓度约为103cm-3,平均直径为0.95μm;气溶胶主要集中于3000m高度以下的对流层低层,云内气溶胶数浓度明显减少。降水发生后,气溶胶粒子平均数浓度约为102cm-3,比降水前约小1个量级,平均直径为1.28μm;气溶胶主要集中于1200m以下的近地面层,其数浓度随高度增加而降低。气溶胶粒子浓度在低层云区内水平变化较小,而在无云区和云下近地层水平起伏较大。云粒子平均浓度比气溶胶小1～2个量级。气溶胶粒子平均谱主要呈双峰型,而云粒子谱主要为单峰型。 相似文献
6.
西安市一次晴空气溶胶粒子的观测分析 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
1982年夏季,我国第一架装有PMS粒子测量系统的气象科研考察飞机在西安市首次进行大气物理科学考察。本文仅对6月8日西安城市晴天大气气溶胶粒子观测。资料进行了初步分析。结果表明:西安市晴天气溶胶粒子(直径0.5-8μm)浓度值范围在4×10~0-3.8×10~1个/cm~3,分布趋势随高度递减,逆温层对粒子垂直输送有阻滞作用。同时对气溶胶粒子谱分布及谱分布函数作了探讨,并对一些参数进行理论计算。 相似文献
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《干旱气象》2016,(3)
2009年秋季利用夏延飞机观测平台对河北中南部雾霾天气条件下的气溶胶及云凝结核CCN进行观测,得到气溶胶、CCN数浓度及尺度的垂直廓线及粒子谱等特征,研究雾霾天大气气溶胶的分布、来源特征以及气溶胶与云凝结核的转化关系。研究发现:霾天气条件下边界层附近的气溶胶垂直分布特征有很大不同。边界层以上气溶胶浓度随高度递减,数浓度量级约101~102个·cm~(-3);边界层附近和近地面气溶胶浓度有峰值出现,近地面数浓度量级达103个·cm~(-3)。气溶胶粒子平均直径范围为0.16~0.18μm。600 m、1 000~2 000 m之间的气溶胶平均粒子谱大体呈单峰分布;3 000~4 000 m、6 000~6 900 m之间的粒子谱呈双峰分布。受气溶胶来源及特性差异的影响,在0.3%过饱和度下,3 000 m以下的气溶胶活化为CCN的比例不到20%,3 000 m以上活化比例高达50%。Hysplit后向轨迹模拟的气团移动轨迹显示,6 000 m以上的大气高层受我国西北地区远距离输送作用影响,沙尘粒子吸湿活化为CCN。低层气溶胶主要受下垫面及近地面污染排放影响,气溶胶尺度相对较小,气溶胶转化为CCN的比例低于高层。CCN浓度随过饱和度的增加呈增大趋势。利用多项式对气溶胶浓度和CCN浓度进行拟合,拟合结果与实测谱吻合较好。 相似文献
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利用2010年9月1日石家庄市区一次飞机探测的气溶胶资料,分析了石家庄市区上空大气气溶胶的数浓度与直径的垂直、水平分布特征及粒子谱分布。结果表明:600—3000 m高度范围内,气溶胶粒子平均数浓度为1443.1个/cm~3,粒子平均直径为0.194μm。3000—6900 m高度范围,气溶胶粒子平均数浓度为95.3个/cm3,粒子平均直径为0.192μm。气溶胶数浓度随着高度增加而迅速减少,受逆温层与云区分布的影响,数浓度曲线呈现一定程度的波动。由于探测当天高空风的影响,粒子数浓度明显比其他霾天气条件下的研究结果要低。云中,气溶胶数浓度与粒子平均直径数呈负相关性。云层对气溶胶的垂直分布影响较大。气溶胶粒子谱覆盖了0.10~1.05μm的尺度范围,粒子主要集中在0.1~0.3μm的范围内。600 m、1200 m、1800 m和3000 m的气溶胶粒子谱呈双峰分布,粒子谱谱型较为相似,4500 m和6900 m粒子谱呈单峰分布。气溶胶粒子尺度谱峰值随高度增加而减少,谱变窄。气溶胶粒子浓度水平变化幅度远小于垂直方向上的变化幅度,受天气条件及下垫面、云区等局地影响因子的影响较大。 相似文献
10.
为了研究气溶胶粒子浓度垂直分布及其与温度廓线及云水的关系,选取河北地区2013—2014年的9次气溶胶飞机探测资料(高度大于4000 m)进行分析,用指数函数a×exp(b×x)对气溶胶粒子浓度的垂直分布进行拟合、分类,对于出现强逆温的情况将气溶胶粒子浓度与温度廓线作相关性分析。结果表明:当气溶胶本底浓度较低时,云的出现对气溶胶的垂直分布影响较小;当气溶胶本底浓度较高时,气溶胶垂直分布的极大值并未出现在云底,而是存在于距离云底下方1000—1500 m高度处。逆温层对气溶胶粒子浓度的垂直分布有重要作用,粒子在逆温层下累积,出现浓度的极大值。在逆温强度较弱的情况下,数浓度最大值一般出现在近地面附近,但若受到强的平流作用,在该平流层高度处的气溶胶粒子浓度可能会出现超过近地面气溶胶粒子浓度的情况。气溶胶浓度的垂直分布可以分为缓慢递减型、快速递减型、温度相关型三种类型。在出现强逆温的情况下,气溶胶浓度的垂直分布为温度相关型,可以直接通过大气温度廓线和气溶胶本底浓度判断气溶胶浓度的分布。 相似文献
11.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
13.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
15.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献