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1.
利用ArcGIS对莆田沿海地区的地形、下垫面属性和排水设施及排水运作方式进行预处理,建立台风降水、风暴潮共同影响下的莆田沿海地区内涝模型。应用雷达估算降水及自动雨量站数据计算的热带气旋"南玛都"过程面雨量,以及此次暴雨过程沿岸海区和河口的时变水位作为模型的边界条件,对莆田地区风暴潮灾害风险进行评估试验。针对2011年9月1日热带气旋"南玛都"造成的莆田沿海地区风暴潮及暴雨灾害,利用暴雨内涝模型进行评估试验研究,将模拟结果与实况灾情进行对比,结果表明模型能够较客观地反映"南玛都"过程降水和风暴潮共同作用的灾害情况。 相似文献
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利用石家庄市高精度城市地理信息、排水工程设施、河道地形、气象降水等基础数据,基于天津城市内涝模型技术,构建了石家庄市暴雨内涝数学模型。同时在原有工作基础上,对模型网格概化方式和计算模式加以改进,将城市河网、路网、管网和社区的计算网格分层划分,形成分区、分层和立体多重的内涝计算模式。选取典型暴雨个例对模型的模拟效果进行验证,结果表明城区最大积水落区预报成功率达70%以上,模拟的积水深度误差主要分布在0.2 m以内。此外,基于WEBGIS技术开发的石家庄城市内涝监测预警平台,进一步增强了模型的表现力。 相似文献
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在对江苏北部沿海9个国家基本(一般)气象站近60年来热带气旋样本统计分析基础之上,结合近4年闪电定位仪资料,分析了影响江苏北部沿海地区的热带气旋、沿海大风和闪电的时空分布规律及其可能对该区域风电场造成的影响。结果表明:①影响江苏北部沿海地区的热带气旋以西北行路径和登陆后北上出海居多,占总数的73.2%;②建国以来影响该区域的热带气旋中,有87.7%的热带气旋可为风电场带来经济效益,进行适当防御后不会造成损失的占12.3%,尚无破坏型热带气旋个例;③江苏北部沿海地区雷雨季节(6—8月)应加强对机组的防雷检查,特别是江苏北部沿海地区的盐城区段更应加强雷电防护监测工作;④江苏北部沿海地区50年一遇最大风速和极大风速符合国家Ⅲ/Ⅱ型风机安全运行标准。 相似文献
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风暴潮预报是流体力学中一个著名的问题。本文描述了一个用有限差分方法的沿海地区数值模式，该模式已被用于在斯里兰卡和印度半岛南部沿海由热带气旋产生的风暴潮预报。我们以１９６４年的Ｒａｍｅｓｗａｒａｍ气旋、１９９２年的Ｔｕｔｉｃｏｒｉｎ气旋的强迫风应力分布为代表作了两次风暴潮模拟试验，试验结果都与记录的相应最大潮位非常吻合。 相似文献
6.
上海市城市暴雨内涝评估建模及模拟研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
随着城市化的推进,暴雨内涝逐渐成为许多城市的主要自然灾害,但当前暴雨内涝模型大多基于水动力学方法,需要大量的输入参数,不便于推广和应用。研究采用概化方法针对外环内中心城区构建上海暴雨内涝评估模型(Shanghai Urban Flooding Assessment Model,SUM),通过对接逐时次的降雨量,实现了对城市内涝的逐小时连续模拟。在此基础上,利用报警灾情资料和区内积水监测数据对模型模拟结果进行了评估。结果表明,该模型可以较好地模拟本市中心城区的内涝积水状况,且随着降雨量的增大,积水面积的增幅也逐渐变大;致灾阈值的分析表明浦西地区的内涝致灾雨量总体上低于浦东,其中本市黄浦、徐汇、虹口、闸北等中心城区以及宝山区部分街道的致灾雨量相对较低。 相似文献
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以福州市城区地表和明渠河道为主要模拟对象,结合福州市城区高精度地理信息、排水设施、排水运作方式等数据,建立福州城市暴雨内涝数学模型。利用该模型对福州市历史上3次典型降雨过程以及不同重现期降雨造成的城区内涝灾害进行模拟。对模型的模拟结果与实况积水进行评估表明,3次降雨过程的模拟与实况积水深度绝对误差小于10 cm的积水点分别占比为50%、78%、76%。模型对雨强较大的短时强降雨过程,模拟效果稍差,模拟积水比实况积水整体偏小;对长时间、雨强比较平均的降雨,整体模拟效果较好。利用模型对不同重现期降雨下福州市城区内涝灾害风险进行评估表明,模型能够客观反映不同重现期降雨过程下福州市城区内涝灾害风险分布。 相似文献
9.
重点介绍了青岛沿海地区的台风暴潮的灾害状况,简述了潮灾成因,明确指出风暴潮在沿海自然灾害中占有得要地位。 相似文献
10.
使用高精度高程、路网、河网、排水管网、工程设施以及防洪调度等数据,将各类空间信息剖分为7 287个无结构不规则网格及相应通道,并针对城市立体化交通设施,对模型进行调参,最终构建了合肥城市暴雨内涝数值模型。采用城市地表、明渠河道、排水管网等主要水文水动力学物理过程,模拟积水深度及演进情况。在此基础上,将短时临近预报系统INCA (Integrated Nowcasting through Comprehensive Analysis)的降水估测产品和降水预报产品(空间分辨率1 km,时间分辨率1 h)作为驱动条件,得到未来6 h逐时的积水深度预报及内涝风险预警产品。研究结果表明:城市内涝模型对积水深度及积水演进过程的模拟和实况较为吻合,体现出对河网、路网、社区积水良好的模拟能力。对2017年8月25日合肥西南部严重内涝过程的检验表明,积水深度预报效果很大程度上依赖INCA的降水预报质量,对于短时强降水,INCA在临近时效预报效果相对较好,因此积水深度预报产品可在临近时效内较为准确的预报积水区域以及积水变化过程。可见利用高时空分辨率降水预报产品和城市暴雨内涝数值模型耦合制作内涝风险预警,可有效增加内涝灾害的预见期,为城市防涝减灾提供科学参考。 相似文献
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Kathleen L. McInnes Graeme D. Hubbert Debbie J. Abbs Steve E. Oliver 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2002,80(1-4):217-233
Summary A coastal ocean model capable of modelling tides, storm surge and the overland flow of floodwaters has been further developed
to include the flux of water from tributaries and the forcing from wave breaking that leads to wave setup in the nearshore
zone. The model is set up over the Gold Coast Broadwater on the east coast of Australia. This complex region features a coastal
lagoon into which five tributaries flow and is subject to flooding from extreme oceanic conditions such as storm surge and
wave setup as well as terrestrial runoff. Weather conditions responsible for storm surge, waves and flooding include cyclones
of both tropical and mid-latitude origin.
Two events are modelled. The first is an east coast low event that occurred in April 1989. This event verified well against
available observations and analysis of the model simulations revealed that wave setup produced a greater contribution to the
elevated water levels than the storm surge. The second case to be modelled was tropical cyclone Wanda, responsible for the
1974 floods. Modelled water levels in the Broadwater were reasonably well captured. Sensitivity experiments showed that storm
surge and wave setup were only minor contributors to the elevated sea levels and their contribution was confined to the earlier
stage of the event before the runoff reached its peak. The contribution due solely to runoff exhibited a tidal-like oscillation
that was 180° out-of-phase with the tide and this was attributed to the greater hydraulic resistance that occurs at high tide.
A simulation of this event with present day bathymetry at the Seaway produced sea levels that were 0.3–0.4 m lower than the
simulation with 1974 bathymetry highlighting the effectiveness of deepened Seaway channel to reduce the impact of severe runoff
events in the Broadwater.
Received October 16, 2001 Revised December 28, 2001 相似文献
12.
Nancy Soontiens Susan E. Allen Doug Latornell Kate Le Souëf Idalia Machuca Jean-Philippe Paquin 《大气与海洋》2016,54(1):1-21
The Strait of Georgia is a large, semi-enclosed body of water between Vancouver Island and the mainland of British Columbia connected to the Pacific Ocean via Juan de Fuca Strait at the south and Johnstone Strait at the north. During the winter months, coastal communities along the Strait of Georgia are at risk of flooding caused by storm surges, a natural hazard that can occur when a strong storm coincides with high tide. This investigation produces storm surge hindcasts using a three-dimensional numerical ocean model for the Strait of Georgia and the surrounding bodies of water (Juan de Fuca Strait, Puget Sound, and Johnstone Strait) collectively known as the Salish Sea. The numerical model employs the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean architecture in a regional configuration. The model is evaluated through comparisons of tidal elevation harmonics and storm surge with observations. Important forcing factors contributing to storm surges are assessed. It is shown that surges entering the domain from the Pacific Ocean make the most significant contribution to surge amplitude within the Strait of Georgia. Comparisons between simulations and high-resolution and low-resolution atmospheric forcing further emphasize that remote forcing is the dominant factor in surge amplitudes in this region. In addition, local wind patterns caused a slight increase in surge amplitude on the mainland side of the Strait of Georgia compared with Vancouver Island coastal areas during a major wind storm on 15 December 2006. Generally, surge amplitudes are found to be greater within the Strait of Georgia than in Juan de Fuca Strait. 相似文献
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渤海西岸致灾风暴潮的统计预报模型 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
渤海西岸是风暴潮灾害多发区,1990年代以后发生几率和灾害损失明显增加。利用气象科学和海洋水文科学相结合的方法,依据黄骅港潮汐资料,对发生在渤海西岸的风暴潮进行统计分析。结果表明,台风和强冷空气配合气旋是造成渤海西岸风暴潮的主要天气系统,偏东大风增水和天文潮叠加是造成风暴潮的直接因素;风暴潮和天文潮汐都有半日潮现象。在此基础上,建立了渤海西岸风暴潮预报模型,通过台风或冷空气配合气旋影响时增水值的计算,结合天文潮汐资料,做出最高潮位预报。应用该预报方法对渤海西岸发生的7次风暴潮进行回报,预报值与实测值基本相当,是基层台站较实用的预报方法。 相似文献
14.
Abstract A powerful storm passed over the coastal waters of eastern Canada on the 21 and 22 January 2000 causing significant damage to coastal infrastructure. The storm generated a large (>1.4 m) storm surge in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence that unfortunately coincided with a high spring tide. This resulted in record high water levels in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence (e.g., the highest level at Charlottetown since records began in 1911) and severe flooding around Prince Edward Island and along the eastern shore of New Brunswick. During January 2000, a recently developed storm surge forecast system was running in pre‐operational mode at Dalhousie University. The core of the forecast system is a depth‐averaged, non‐linear, barotropic ocean model driven by forecast winds and air pressures produced by the Canadian Meteorological Centre's regional atmospheric forecast model. In this study we assess the forecast skill of the surge model for the 21 January storm by comparing its 24‐hour forecasts with two independent hourly dataseis: (i) sea levels recorded by 12 tide gauges located in eastern Canada and the north‐eastern United States, and (ii) depth‐mean currents recorded by an acoustic Doppler current profiler deployed on the outer Scotian Shelf. Overall, the forecasts of coastal sea level and depth‐mean currents are reasonable and have forecast errors below about 0.1 m and 0.1 m s?1 respectively. 相似文献
15.
Abstract Changes to the Beaufort Sea shoreline occur due to the impact of storms and rising relative sea level. During the open‐water season (June to October), storm winds predominantly from the north‐west generate waves and storm surges which are effective in eroding thawing ice‐rich cliffs and causing overwash of gravel beaches. Climate change is expected to be enhanced in Arctic regions relative to the global mean and include accelerated sea‐level rise, more frequent extreme storm winds, more frequent and extreme storm surge flooding, decreased sea‐ice extent, more frequent and higher waves, and increased temperatures. We investigate historical records of wind speeds and directions, water levels, sea‐ice extent and temperature to identify variability in past forcing and use the Canadian Global Coupled Model ensembles 1 and 2 (CGCM1 and CGCM2) climate modelling results to develop a scenario forcing future change of Beaufort Sea shorelines. This scenario and future return periods of peak storm wind speeds and water levels likely indicate increased forcing of coastal change during the next century resulting in increased rates of cliff erosion and beach migration, and more extreme flooding. 相似文献
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Joseph Park Jayantha Obeysekera Michelle Irizarry Jenifer Barnes Paul Trimble Winifred Park-Said 《Climatic change》2011,107(1-2):109-128
Water resource management in South Florida faces nearly intractable problems, in part due to weather and climate variability. Rising sea level and coastal storm surge are two phenomena with significant impacts on natural systems, fresh water supplies and flood drainage capability. However, decision support information regarding management of water resources in response to storm surge is not well developed. In an effort to address this need we analyze long term tidal records from Key West, Pensacola and Mayport Florida to extract surge distributions, to which we apply a nonlinear eustatic sea level rise model to project storm surge return levels and periods. Examination of climate connections reveals a statistically significant dependence between surge distributions and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). Based on a recent probabilistic model for AMO phase changes, we develop AMO-dependent surge distributions. These AMO-dependent surge projections are used to examine the flood control response of a coastal water management structure as an example of how climate dependent water resource forcings can be used in the formulation of decision support tools. 相似文献
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Alberto Troccoli Filippo Zambon Kevin I. Hodges Marco Marani 《Climatic change》2012,113(3-4):1065-1079
Increased tidal levels and storm surges related to climate change are projected to result in extremely adverse effects on coastal regions. Predictions of such extreme and small-scale events, however, are exceedingly challenging, even for relatively short time horizons. Here we use data from observations, ERA-40 re-analysis, climate scenario simulations, and a simple feature model to find that the frequency of extreme storm surge events affecting Venice is projected to decrease by about 30% by the end of the twenty-first century. In addition, through a trend assessment based on tidal observations we found a reduction in extreme tidal levels. Extrapolating the current +17 cm/century sea level trend, our results suggest that the frequency of extreme tides in Venice might largely remain unaltered under the projected twenty-first century climate simulations. 相似文献
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As the risk of storm surge on coastal plains increases, the research on disaster risk assessment is fundamental for disaster management. Disaster risk assessment tends to develop towards the direction of refinement and it gradually plays a more important role. As regards the characteristics of storm tide disaster in coastal plain, the paper uses refined floodplain numerical model which combines typhoon, flood, astronomical tide and waves. The model also considers influencing factors of dike-breaking, micro-topography and buildings. Precise calculation is executed for the range and the submerged depth caused by floodplain flow in coastal plain. Based on 3S technology, disaster-bearing bodies are subdivided into the smallest unit of the ground object, and the vulnerability of these units is evaluated. Refined risk assessment of storm surge disaster for the coastal plain is obtained, and the detailed distribution of risk areas at different risk levels is achieved. These results can be widely applied in many fields, such as disaster prevention and mitigation, urban planning, industrial arrangement, disaster insurance and so on. 相似文献