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1.
利用自动站观测资料、FY-2G卫星资料和多普勒雷达等资料,对发生在副热带高压影响下的重庆局地强风暴过程进行了观测和数值模拟分析,探讨了其中尺度对流系统(MCS)演变,抬升触发和维持机制。结果表明:(1)在副热带高压影响下,重庆处于高温、高湿气团中,大气层结极不稳定;(2)此次局地风暴抬升触发的关键因子是地面附近浅薄边界层中尺度辐合线,辐合线由川渝盆地中西部MCS的雷暴高压与重庆地面热低压共同作用形成;(3)中尺度辐合线触发的对流风暴形成小范围冷池出流与环境风场形成新的辐合线,加强对流风暴发展,并再次触发新的对流单体。承载层平均风为偏南风,使得对流单体向北缓慢移动,冷池出流和边界层辐合线共同作用使得风暴单体向西向北传播和长时间维持。 相似文献
2.
冷池对引发新乡“7·9”特大暴雨的中尺度对流系统的影响分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用NCEP再分析资料、常规观测资料、FY-2E卫星TBB资料、多普勒雷达探测资料和地面加密自动站资料分析了2016年7月9日新乡特大暴雨过程的中尺度特征,并揭示了冷池形成原因及其对产生强降水的中尺度对流系统发生发展的影响。研究结果表明:新乡地区特大暴雨是由一个"低质心"结构的后向传播-准静止-涡旋状中尺度对流系统产生的。由层状云和对流性降水产生的冷池出流形成的中尺度温度梯度导致地面辐合进而触发了对流。冷池出流与环境风场形成的假相当位温密集带为对流系统提供不稳定能量,两者强度相当的对峙使能量密集带稳定少动,而中尺度对流系统的上风方即冷池出流南侧由于锋生作用将暖湿空气抬升并不断触发新对流,这种后向传播方式导致中尺度对流系统移动缓慢处于准静止状态,新生对流单体在地面中尺度涡旋流场的作用下呈有组织的涡旋状旋转,不断经过新乡地区造成强降水持续。湿冷的冷池同时也是本次强降水过程近地面水汽来源之一。太行山的阻挡作用导致冷池在山前堆积后向承载层平流方向相反的方向移动;小地形的峡谷效应有助于冷池出流南移,而且为中尺度地面涡旋形成提供了一支重要的西北气流。 相似文献
3.
The strong heavy rainfall on 3-5 July 2003 causing the severe flooding in Huaihe River basin (HRB), China is studied. It is noted that there are sometimes mesoscale convective vortex (MCV) in East Asia during the mei-yu season. Simulation results from the ARPS (Advanced Regional Prediction) data analysis system (ADAS) and WRF model were used to study the development of the mesoscale convective system (MCS) and mesoscale convective vortex (MCV). It is confirmed that the MCV formed during the development of a... 相似文献
4.
一次华北飑线天气过程中环境条件与对流发展机制研究 总被引：12，自引：6，他引：6
利用多种观测和分析数据对2008年6月23日午后华北地区一次持续时间较长的强飑线天气过程进行了研究。分析表明这是一次在夏季冷涡背景下发生的强对流天气过程,相对孤立的MCSs在副冷锋附近发生发展。此次飑线天气过程中强风暴对流单体、超级单体活跃,对流组织化过程与地面风场辐合线以及锋面有紧密的关系。天气分析表明22日夜间主冷锋过境后,变性高压后部的偏东风以及偏南回流导致在华北东部的锋区开始增强,通过地面观测订正的探空分析表明,对流天气发生前华北地区局地具有较明显的对流潜势。从23日午后开始,河套地区对流层中低层有明显的短波槽扰动发展,在冷涡后部有副冷锋向华北地区逼近,对流的触发与副冷锋密切相关,并通过次级环流方程进一步诊断了锋面所造成的垂直运动;来自气旋后部对流层中高层的强下沉气流,造成了华北地区垂直方向上干湿对比明显,形成较强位势不稳定,有利于对流的触发以及地面大风的形成。通过对垂直风廓线结构和飑线移动速度的分析,表明在此次过程中冷池边界扩张速度与低层风垂直切变大致相当,因此MCS具有较强的强度并维持较长时间。 相似文献
5.
梅雨锋上两类中尺度对流系统形成的边界层特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用具有较高时空分辨率的地面观测资料以及WRF（Weather reasearch and forecasting）模式输出资料,分析了2009年6月29一-30日梅雨锋暴雨过程中两类不同的中尺度对流系统（rnesoscale convective system,MCS）边界层特征及边界层对两类MCS的触发维持机理,重点分析了海平面气压场特征、边界层冷池、干线及其在MCS中的影响。结果表明：两类中尺度对流系统的海平面气压特征存在着明显的差异,对流爆发阶段地面风场存在辐合线,再次激发阶段气压场呈“跷跷板”型的中尺度扰动,即由前置中低压和后置中高压组成,最强的对流带位于中低压和中高压之间的过渡区内;边界层辐合线是第一类中尺度对流系统（MCSl）维持的重要因素;MCSl爆发后边界层冷池生成,冷池前的冷出流与低层环境风产生的强辐合触发了第二类中尺度对流系统（MCS2）;存在于中低压和中高压之间的中尺度干线是MCS2的重要特点之一。 相似文献
6.
一次东北冷涡过程的数值模拟与降水分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
本文利用WRF模式对2007年7月8日至12日的东北冷涡过程进行模拟。通过分析天气尺度背景场可知, 在对流层中高层出现干侵入过程, 干空气主要来源于我国内蒙古西部和东北冷涡的西北部, 随着东北冷涡一起呈涡旋状运动, 在对流层中层的干侵入更加明显; 东北冷涡的东部为水汽通量辐合区, 说明此处水汽丰沛, 该处的暖湿空气与干冷空气相汇, 有利于降水的生成。通过分析中尺度对流系统的地面和对流层中下层的风场结构可知, 中尺度对流系统易发生在东北冷涡东南侧和东北侧的气旋性曲率最大处, 此处的对流层低层易形成强辐合区, 而风场的水平辐合运动激发出垂直上升运动, 在对流不稳定区配合着强上升运动, 有利于对流系统发展而产生降水, 因此在低压系统东南侧及东北侧的 “气旋曲度” 区易形成降水。从对流涡度矢量的垂直分量可知, 在东北冷涡中的东南侧和东北侧, 对流涡度矢量的垂直分量对于中尺度系统的发生位置和降水区域有很好的指示作用。 相似文献
7.
Analysis and simulation of mesoscale convective systems accompanying heavy rainfall: The goyang case 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hyun-Young Choi Ji-Hyun Ha Dong-Kyou Lee Ying-Hwa Kuo 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2011,47(3):265-279
We investigated a torrential rainfall case with a daily rainfall amount of 379 mm and a maximum hourly rain rate of 77.5 mm that took place on 12 July 2006 at Goyang in the middlewestern part of the Korean Peninsula. The heavy rainfall was responsible for flash flooding and was highly localized. High-resolution Doppler radar data from 5 radar sites located over central Korea were analyzed. Numerical simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model were also performed to complement the high-resolution observations and to further investigate the thermodynamic structure and development of the convective system. The grid nudging method using the Global Final (FNL) Analyses data was applied to the coarse model domain (30 km) in order to provide a more realistic and desirable initial and boundary conditions for the nested model domains (10 km, 3.3 km). The mesoscale convective system (MCS) which caused flash flooding was initiated by the strong low level jet (LLJ) at the frontal region of high equivalent potential temperature (θe) near the west coast over the Yellow Sea. The ascending of the warm and moist air was induced dynamically by the LLJ. The convective cells were triggered by small thermal perturbations and abruptly developed by the warm θe inflow. Within the MCS, several convective cells responsible for the rainfall peak at Goyang simultaneously developed with neighboring cells and interacted with each other. Moist absolutely unstable layers (MAULs) were seen at the lower troposphere with the very moist environment adding the instability for the development of the MCS. 相似文献
8.
用多种加密观测资料和NCEP日再分析资料分析了2010年7月14日强降水期间咸宁地区一次非线状MCS活动造成短时强降水的发生发展机制.结果表明,14日13-18时非线状MCS回波结构组织性差,强对流单体散乱地分布在大片层状回波中,准静止地维持在湖北咸宁地区大约5h,造成了短时强降水.该MCS发生在梅雨锋锋面附近的地面涡旋环流中,高空冷空气侵入和锋前抬升运动是对流的主要触发机制,切变线南侧不稳定的暖湿气流在长江中游地区辐合集中、局地的地面气流辐合和边界层有利的风切变是该非线状MCS发展维持在成宁地区的有利条件.高时空分辨率探测资料对MCS演变过程有较好的分析能力. 相似文献
9.
冷涡对两类对流系统结构演变作用的个例模拟对比分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
2015年8月22日,在同一冷涡背景下,华北东北部形成了多单体风暴,而在黄淮地区出现飑线过程。本文根据观测资料给出冷涡对中尺度对流系统发生发展的动力和热力作用,并基于WRF中尺度数值模式的模拟结果,对比分析了两类对流系统的形态结构演变和运动过程的差异、差异产生的原因及冷涡的作用,主要结论如下:(1)两类对流系统均位于冷涡后部,但形态演变和运动过程差异显著,北部分散性对流受地面风辐合及地形抬升的共同影响发展形成多单体风暴,呈西北—东南排列,主要以前向传播的方式缓慢向东南偏南方向运动,带来短时强降水为主的天气;南部线状对流由山东西北部和河南北部形成的多个孤立单体合并后形成,随后在黄淮地区发展为飑线系统,在平流移动为主的作用下向东南方向快速运动,产生雷暴大风和冰雹天气。(2)北部多单体风暴在冷暖气团交界面形成,位于冷涡西南象限,低层水汽和能量充足;新对流单体在边界层被触发后,沿着低层切变线向高能区传播。(3)南部飑线系统在冷槽后的地面干暖区低压带中形成,中尺度对流系统产生的冷池和雷暴高压的出流与环境相互作用,低层水汽条件转好,使得单体不断传播和合并,发展为飑线系统。(4)中层后部入流的强度和环境水汽条件对两类对流系统组织化过程有不同影响,飑线中层后部入流的增强主要来自环境西风分量的增加,与冷涡发展演变使得环境风场增强有关;北部对流湿层深厚,所处的中层风场弱,不利于多单体风暴组织化发展;南部飑线系统位于更强的环境西风引导气流中,后部中层入流强、高层环境空气干,有利于强下沉气流形成,从而促进雷暴高压和冷池的发展,强下沉气流还使中低层的风速增加,垂直风切变增强,有利于对流单体组织化发展形成线状对流。 相似文献
10.
东北冷涡引发的局地暴雨数值模拟研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用CDAS-NCEP/NCAR 再分析资料,应用Penn State/NCAR的高分辨率中尺度模式MM5V3-7,成功模拟出2005年7月9—12日东北冷涡诱发的一次连续雷雨过程,重点分析了7月9日造成沈阳及周边地区的一次局地暴雨过程,并对其中的一个连续发展的中β尺度对流系统的演变、中尺度结构特点进行了研究。结果表明：冷涡总是以水平旋转的中高层的干冷空气堆作为其结构特点。在冷涡的东南侧高空干冷堆的边缘区域,轨迹呈直立状,从行星边界层向上穿越整个对流层,显示出该地区存在强对流。干冷堆的边缘区域下方的低层暖湿输送是冷涡局地强对流发展的关键。局地对流发展时,出现干冷堆的边缘区域的Se上下层接近或者打通现象。 相似文献
11.
利用常规天气资料及地面自动站、风廓线雷达、新一代天气雷达资料和ERA-Interim逐6 h 0.125°×0.125°再分析资料,分析2015年5月19日福建西部山区一次极端降水的中尺度特征。结果表明:(1)极端降水分为锋前暖区降水和锋面降水两个阶段,暴雨区位于低空西南急流轴左侧,水汽充足,冷暖空气交汇,不稳定能量大,抬升凝结高度和自由对流高度低,大气可降水量大及中等强度的垂直风切变形成有利于中尺度对流系统(mesoscale covective system, MCS)发展的环境条件。(2)锋前暖区降水期间,西南气流携带高能量和水汽充足的空气移入暴雨区被中尺度边界附近的冷出流空气抬升,不断产生新的对流单体,对流单体向东北偏东方向移动,排列形成短雨带;若干条东北—西南向长度不等的短雨带在中尺度出流边界北侧建立,缓慢向东移动,依次重复影响关键区;暴雨关键区存在辐合线和风速辐合,为降水提供了良好的动力抬升条件;向西南开口的河谷地形加强了对流的发展;对流单体不断后部建立和东北西南向多个短雨带重复影响同一地区的列车效应是此阶段MCS主要发展方式。(3)锋面降水期间,对流单体在低涡切变南侧风速辐合、水汽和能量大值区发展东移南压,中高层先于低层转偏北气流,表现出前倾特征,垂直风切变加大,冷空气从中高层先扩散南下,与低层暖湿空气交汇使对流加强,冷暖气流的交汇叠加风速辐合使得强降水加强并维持。对流单体后向传播向东移动产生的列车效应是此阶段MCS主要发展方式。 相似文献
12.
The initiation processes of one of the initial convective cells near and on the east side of a dryline on 19 June 2002 during the IHOP 2002 field experiment in the central United States is analyzed in detail based on a high-resolution numerical simulation. Prominent horizontal convective rolls and associated near-surface moisture convergence bands [called roll convergence bands(RCBs) here] develop within the convective boundary layer(CBL) due to surface heating, in the hours leading to convective initiation(CI). The RCBs east of the dryline are advected toward the primary dryline convergence boundary(PDCB) by the southerly moist flow as the CBL deepens with time. Backward trajectories of air parcels forming the initial precipitating updraft of the convective cell are found to primarily originate at about 1–1.5 km above ground, within the upper portion of the shallower CBL earlier on. The representative air parcel is found to follow and stay on top of a surface RCB as the RCB moves toward the PDCB, but the RCB forcing alone is not enough to initiate convection. As this RCB gets close to the PDCB, it moves into a zone of mesoscale convergence and a deeper CBL that exhibits an upward moisture bulge associated with the PDCB. The combined upward forcing of the RCB and the mesoscale PDCB convergence quickly lifts the representative air parcel above its level of free convection to initiate convection. A conceptual model summarizing the CI processes is proposed. 相似文献
13.
The Evolution of a Meso-β-Scale Convective Vortex in the Dabie Mountain Area 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 The evolution of a mesoscale convective system (MCS) that caused strong precipitation in the northern area of Dabie Mountain during 21-22 June 2008 is analyzed, along with the evolution of the associated meso-β-scale convective vortex (MCV). The mesoscale reanalysis data generated by the Local Analysis and Prediction System (LAPS) at a 3-km horizontal resolution and a 1-h time resolution during the South China Heavy Rainfall Experiment (SCHeREX) were utilized. The results show that two processes played key roles in the enhancement of convective instability. First, the mesoscale low-level jet strengthened and shifted eastward, leading to the convergence of warm-wet airflow and increasing convective instability at middle and low levels. Second, the warm-wet airflow interacted with the cold airflow from the north, causing increased vertical vorticity in the vicinity of steeply sloping moist isentropic surfaces. The combined action of these two processes caused the MCS to shift progressively eastward. Condensation associated with the MCS released latent heat and formed a layer of large diabatic heating in the middle troposphere, increasing the potential vorticity below this layer. This increase in potential vorticity created favorable conditions for the development of a low-level vortex circulation. The vertical motion associated with this low-level vortex further promoted the development of convection, creating a positive feedback between the deep convection and the low-level vortex circulation. This feedback mechanism not only promoted the maturation of the MCS, but also played the primary role in the evolution of the MCV. The MCV formed and developed due to the enhancement of the positive feedback that accompanied the coming together of the center of the vortex and the center of the convection. The positive feedback peaked and the MCV matured when these two centers converged. The positive feedback weakened and the MCV began to decay as the two centers separated and diverged. 相似文献
14.
A Diagnostic Case Study on the Comparison Between the Frontal and Non-Frontal Convective Systems 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Two major mesoscale convective clusters of different characters occurred during the heavy rainfall event in Guangxi Region and Guangdong Province on 20 June 2005,and they are preliminarily identified as a frontal mesoscale convective system(MCS1;a frontal cloud cluster) and a non-frontal MCS(MCS2;a warm sector cloud cluster).Comparative analyses on their convective intensity,maintenance mechanism, and moist potential vorticity(MPV) structure were further performed.The convective intensity analysis sugges... 相似文献
15.
ANALYSIS OF THE COLD AIR EFFECT ON AN EXTREME PRECIPITATION EVENT TRIGGERED BY AN INVERTED TROUGH OF TYPHOON HAIKUI (1211) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Based on intensive automatic weather station data, satellite cloud imagery, NCEP reanalyzed data, and the simulation results from mesoscale numerical models, this study analyzes the characteristics and formation mechanisms of the mesoscale convection system (MCS) during the extreme precipitation event that was triggered by a weakened low-pressure inverted trough of Typhoon Haikui on August 10/2012. The results of this study show that cold air at the rear of a northeastern cold vortex creates thermodynamic conditions favorable to the development of extreme precipitation. The main body of the cold air is northward located so that the cold air invades only the middle layer of the periphery of the inverted trough. Thus, the cold air minimally affects the lower layer, which results in a vertically distributed structure of the temperature advection that augments the formation and development of convective instability stratification. In the middle troposphere, the cold air encounters the convergent, ascending, warm moist air from the low-pressure inverted trough, leading to frontogenesis. The frontogenesis enhances wind convergence which, in turn, further enhances the frontogenesis, and the positive feedback between these two forces augments the development of meso- and small-scale convection systems in the rainstorm region and its vicinity, which strengthens the upward transportation of water vapor from low layers and thickening of water vapor convergence and results in local heavy rains. 相似文献
16.
2005年8月16日天津大暴雨成因分析 总被引：3，自引：4，他引：3
运用FY-2C卫星资料和由NCEP/NCAR再分析资料计算的多种物理量场,初步分析了2005年8月16日天津大暴雨的成因：此次大暴雨发生在低槽冷锋前部,对流层中层低槽和副热带高压的维持、对流层低层切变线的出现、近地面层冷空气的扩散侵入、对流层中低层强盛的不稳定能量以及充沛而又深厚的水汽等天气条件的有效合理配置,造就了这次历史罕见的大暴雨。降水显著的中尺度特性与中尺度云团相对应。同时,对比分析了15日发生在河北东北部、京津地区的另一个降水较弱、对流天气强的对流云团,结果显示它们形成发展中存在差异,为今后两类天气的预报提供了一些线索。 相似文献
17.
The conventional and intensive observational data of the China Heavy Rain Experiment and Study (CHeRES) are used to specially analyze the heavy rainfall process in the mei-yu front that occurred during 20-21 June 2002, focusing on the meso-β system. A mesoscale convective system (MCS) formed in the warm-moist southwesterly to the south of the shear line over the Dabie Mountains and over the gorge between the Dabie and Jiuhua Mountains. The mei-yu front and shear line provide a favorable synoptic condition for the development of convection. The GPS observation indicates that the precipitable water increased obviously about 2 3 h earlier than the occurrence of rainfall and decreased after that. The abundant moisture transportation by southwesterly wind was favorable to the maintenance of convective instability and the accumulation of convective available potential energy (CAPE). Radar detection reveals that meso-β and -γ systems were very active in the Mα CS. Several convection lines developed during the evolution of the MαCS, and these are associated with surface convergence lines. The boundary outflow of the convection line may have triggered another convection line. The convection line moved with the mesoscale surface convergence line, but the convective cells embedded in the convergence line propagated along the line. On the basis of the analyses of the intensive observation data, a multi-scale conceptual model of heavy rainfall in the mei-yu front for this particular case is proposed. 相似文献
18.
Based on the previous statistical analysis of mesoscale convective systems(MCSs)over the second-step terrain along Yangtze-Huaihe River Valley,eight representative long-lived eastward-propagating MCSs are selected for model-based sensitivity testing to investigate the initiation and evolution of these types of MCSs as well as their impact on downstream areas.We subject each MCS to a semi-idealized(CNTL)simulation and a sensitivity(NOLH)simulation that neglects condensational heating in the formation region.The CNTL experiment reveals convection forms in the region downstream of a shortwave trough typified by persistent southwesterly winds in the low-to midtroposphere.Upon merging with other convective systems,moist convection develops into an MCS,which propagates eastward under the influence of mid-tropospheric westerlies,and moves out of the second-step terrain.The MCS then merges with pre-existing local convection over the plains;the merged convection reinforces the cyclonic wind perturbation into a mesoscale vortex at 850 hPa.While this vortex moves eastward to regions with local vortex at 850 hPa,another vortex at 925 hPa is also intensified.Finally,the vortices at 850 and 925 hPa merge together and develop into a mesoscale convective vortex(MCV).In contrast,MCSs fail to form and move eastward in the NOLH experiment.In the absence of eastward-propagating MCSs,moist convection and mesoscale vortices still appear in the plains,but the vortex strength and precipitation intensity are significantly weakened.It is suggested the eastward-propagating MCSs over the second-step terrain significantly impact the development and enhancement of moist convection and vortices in the downstream areas. 相似文献
19.
An Analysis of a Meso-β System in a Mei-yu Front Using the Intensive Observation Data During CHeRES 2002 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The conventional and intensive observational data of the China Heavy Rain Experiment and Study (CHeRES) are used to specially analyze the heavy rainfall process in the mei-yu front that occurred during 20-21 June 2002, focusing on the meso-β system. A mesoscale convective system (MCS) formed in the warm-moist southwesterly to the south of the shear line over the Dabie Mountains and over the gorge between the Dabie and Jiuhua Mountains. The mei-yu front and shear line provide a favorable synoptic condition for the development of convection. The GPS observation indicates that the precipitable water increased obviously about 2-3h earlier than the occurrence of rainfall and decreased after that. The abundant moisture transportation by southwesterly wind was favorable to the maintenance of convective instability and the accumulation of convective available potential energy (CAPE). Radar detection reveals that meso-β and -γ systems were very active in the MαCS. Several convection lines developed during the evolution of the MαCS, and these are associated with surface convergence lines. The boundary outflow of the convection line may have triggered another convection line. The convection line moved with the mesoscale surface convergence line, but the convective cells embedded in the convergence line propagated along the line. On the basis of the analyses of the intensive observation data, a multi-scale conceptual model of heavy rainfall in the mei-yu front for this particular case is proposed. 相似文献
20.
2005年05号台风“海棠”登陆福建后,在外围云系里有1个明显发展的中尺度对流云团经过温州东部及北部地区,引起了强降水。通过分析这次中尺度对流系统的环流形势,得到该次中尺度对流系统的垂直结构特征,并对中尺度强对流系统的形成和发展机制进行研究。结果表明:台风东南急流在温州附近冷区边缘处低层受地形影响发生强烈辐合引起的垂直上升运动和冷暖空气相汇产生的对流不稳定性是台风环流内中尺度对流系统的主要形成机制;对流系统在暖湿空气和冷空气中心交汇处发展,西北侧的冷空气堆迫使暖湿东南气流沿西北倾斜的等熵面爬升,有利于倾斜对流系统的发展;低层条件不稳定区与中层条件对称不稳定区叠加,产生对流对称不稳定,在湿等熵面倾斜引起的涡旋发展的强迫机制下在中层产生范围较广的倾斜上升对流;由于等熵面的倾斜,大气水平风垂直切变或湿斜压性增加,进一步加强涡度的发展,使得对流系统向西北方向发展;另外,源于东南沿海,由台风东南气流输送的水汽为特大暴雨的产生提供了有利的热力条件。 相似文献