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1.
《贵州气象》2021,(2)
利用常规气象观测资料、多普勒雷达资料和FNL再分析资料等,对2020年4月17日发生在贵州省安顺市的一次局地性冰雹天气过程进行分析。结果表明:高原短波槽、中低层切变线、低空急流和地面辐合线是导致此次局地性强冰雹天气的主要影响系统,冰雹出现在850 hPa湿舌的顶端和地面高温中心附近;C波段雷达的反射率因子图上TBSS和前侧入流缺口共同出现,表征了大冰雹的产生,风暴单体具有明显的强回波悬垂和低层弱回波区,且大于50 dBz的强回波伸展高度明显超过-20℃层高度,表明了风暴在垂直方向强烈发展;VIL值在降雹前后有明显的变化,降雹前1～2个体扫VIL有跃增现象,降雹期间VIL≥30 kg·m~(-2),且在出现大冰雹时VIL≥50 kg·m~(-2),而在降雹结束后,VIL值迅速减小。 相似文献
2.
利用常规气象资料,卫星、营口S波段多普勒天气雷达资料等,对2013年6月3日发生在东北冷涡背景下的一次大冰雹过程进行分析。结果表明:(1)在高空东北冷涡环流背景下,高层干冷、低层暖湿的层结配置形成了大气层结不稳定,较强的垂直风切变和适宜的0℃、-20℃层高度有利于强冰雹天气的发生。(2)产生大冰雹的对流风暴是一个超级单体强雹暴。该风暴在反射率因子图上具有高悬的强回波、弱回波区、钩状回波等特征;在径向速度图上具有风暴顶辐散、中层径向辐合、中气旋等特征;在反射率因子和径向速度图上均可以看到三体散射的存在;同时较高的VIL含量和密度也预示了大冰雹的出现。 相似文献
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该文利用2012—2013年黔东南新一代多普勒天气雷达资料和常规探空资料,应用统计和对比分析方法,对黔东南地区10次冰雹天气过程的雷达回波特征及参数进行统计分析,结果表明:最强回波强度dBzM≥55 dBz、回波顶高ET≥9km、45 dBz强回波伸展高度H45 dBz≥7.5 km、回波顶高与0℃层高度差(ET-H0)≥6.5 km、最强回波高度与0℃层高度差(HTH0)≥-2 km、风暴顶高与-20℃层高度差(TOP-H-20)≥-1 km、VIL密度(VILM)≥2.5g·m-3、VIL密度与(ET-H0)的乘积VILE≥20g·m-2,可作为黔东南地区预警冰雹灾害的雷达阈值和指标,为冰雹灾害短时临近预警提供参考。 相似文献
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利用恩施多普勒雷达和常规分析资料,详细对比分析了2007-2008年发生在恩施山区强冰雹和短时强降水天气过程中的雷达产品特征.在此基础上,找出了适合恩施山区强冰雹和短时强降水天气的雷达临近预警指标:选取负温区回波厚度≥7 km、CR强中心回波强度≥55 dBz、强回波梯度≥15 dBz·km-1、45 dBz强回波伸展高度≥7.5 km、累积液态含水量(VIL)密度≥3.2 g·m-3和雷达风廓线1.8～6.1 km风垂直切变均值≥2.3×10-3s-1作为强冰雹临近预警指标;当满足组合反射率(CR)强中心回波强度、VIL密度、40 dBz强回波伸展高度和雷达风廓线(VWP)上1.8～6.1 km风垂直切变值达43.0 dBz,1.1 g·m-3,7.0 km和1.9×10-3s-1,可以考虑该站点及附近地区进入短时强降水临近预警状态,并利用2009年发生的强冰雹和短时强降水天气过程检验了这些临近预警指标性能. 相似文献
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利用常规气象观测资料、探空资料、NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°网格点逐6 h再分析资料、西安C波段新一代天气雷达和旬邑X波段双偏振天气雷达资料,对2018年6月13日发生在咸阳北部的一次冰雹天气进行雷达回波特征和成因分析。结果表明,该次冰雹发生在高层冷空气下滑、中低层存在辐合上升运动的环境背景下,降雹出现在冷涡底后部,较强对流不稳定能量、较好的热力不稳定条件和一定的垂直风切变为冰雹的发生提供了有利条件。西安C波段雷达和旬邑X波段雷达的反射率因子均表现出冰雹的弱回波区和三体散射特征,但两部雷达的回波特征有所差别：在同一高度上旬邑X波段雷达的回波强度比西安C波段雷达的弱;VIL的骤增、差分反射率因子ZDR、差分传播相移因子KDP、零延迟相关系数RHV等偏振参量对冰雹的指示性也较好,当VIL最大值达到40 kg/m2、密度高于3.5 g/m3,ZDR为0或负值,RHV迅速降低,KDP接近于0,可判定冰雹生成。 相似文献
6.
2011年4月17日广东强冰雹天气过程的成因及特征分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用广州新一代多普勒雷达资料和Micaps资料,对广东省2011年4月17日强冰雹天气过程进行分析,揭示了强对流天气的环流形势和影响系统,着重分析了各种有利于大冰雹生成的因素和回波特征。研究发现:(1)过程发生在高层有急流、高空槽和切变线、地面有锋面低槽的环流形势下,属西江流域前汛期强对流天气类型的复合型。冰雹发生区域的低层垂直风切变较大,达-4.8×10-3/s。(2)当CAPE突增,SSI>200、K>35℃、Si<0℃时,预示强对流天气发生。(3)边界层辐合线为对流发展提供动力因素,同时大气不稳定和较高的CAPE造成雹暴的迅速发展。(4)本次雹暴几乎具有强烈对流风暴的所有回波特征:反射率因子图上的弓形回波、后侧入流缺口、悬垂结构、有界弱回波区、三体散射,径向速度图上的中气旋及中层径向辐合。(5)雹暴的回波顶高与最大反射率因子演变趋势基本相同,有几次跃增且同步。降雹前最大反射率因子及其高度均出现突降。VIL的跃增特性对于判断冰雹的增长非常有效。(6)本次过程具备适宜冰雹生长的0℃和-20℃层高度条件,且回波核心区高度扩展到-20℃层以上。VIL密度>4 g/m3和上干下湿的垂直分布十分利于大冰雹的产生。(7)三体散射特征可作为发布冰雹预警重要指标。 相似文献
7.
利用武汉多普勒天气雷达资料,对2007年7月27日发生在武汉及其周边部分地区的一次强对流天气过程,特别是引起武汉、洪湖的冰雹和地面大风灾害的2个强风暴(A、B)进行了详细分析,得到如下结论:(1)这次强对流天气的主要天气背景是,副热带高压西侧强烈的西南气流诱发了中小尺度扰动,强的低层垂直风切变,大的垂直不稳定,低层较干和中高层更干的水汽条件.(2)产生灾害性天气的对流系统最初是一条近乎南北向的断续型对流带,强风暴A和B在其成熟阶段都有低层弱回波和中高层悬垂回波结构,最大回波强度均大于60 dBz;风暴A在其崩溃阶段.近地面径向速度迅速增大,随其北移,造成武汉市黄陂区大风灾害;风暴B在平均径向速度图上存在明显的中层气流辐合(MARC),是即将出现地面强辐散风的标识.(3)强回波中心高度迅速降低是地面灾害性天气发生的标识,VIL密度比VIL本身更能反映风暴的强度,特别是当因雷达扫描策略的影响导致探测不到风暴顶或风暴底时.(4)在用冰雹探测算法(HDA)探测冰雹时,要注意修改可调参数,特别是0℃和-20℃环境温度的高度,这样才能大大降低冰雹误报率. 相似文献
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利用常规观测资料和张家界新一代多普勒雷达资料对2020年3月21日晚—22日凌晨发生在湘西北地区的冰雹天气过程进行了分析,结果表明：“上干下湿”喇叭口特征的不稳定层结,合适的0 ℃层与-20 ℃层高度,在地面冷空气和辐合线的触发机制下,利于冰雹、雷暴大风和短时强降雨等强对流天气的形成;此次冰雹天气是由典型的超级单体风暴对流发展造成,其主要特征表现为三体散射、旁瓣回波、悬垂回波以及风暴顶强辐散等;三体散射（TBSS）最强反射率因子达76 dBz,最大“长钉”长度47 km,“长钉”长度越长,冰雹直径越大,TBSS的出现,预示有大冰雹;旁瓣回波最大切向长度达46 km,其只显示在风暴核切向上反射率因子梯度大值区一侧,当风暴核径向外侧有真实回波而三体散射不清晰时,旁瓣回波可更好地预警冰雹;风暴体VIL密度≥40 g/m3是湘西北大冰雹的有效预警指标。 相似文献
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利用普洱CIND3830-CC天气雷达资料、地面观测资料进行统计分析,研究2004-2013年普洱C波段天气雷达中27次三体散射长钉(TBSS)的统计特征、地面降雹与TBSS的对应关系,并对TBSS在冰雹预警方面的应用进行探讨,结果表明:(1)C波段雷达中,产生TBSS的回波的反射率因子范围为55.0~68.4 dBz,70%的TBSS出现在反射率因子≥60 dBz时。(2)TBSS的维持时间为10~79 min,63%的TBSS维持时间超过20 min。(3)TBSS一般出现在4.0~9.5 km,最低出现在2.6 km,最高出现在11.4 km。(4)TBSS长5.6~22.4 km,宽1.5~14.6 km,TBSS宽度与强回波区径向外侧的60 dBz以上回波的面积成正比,但TBSS的长度与反射率因子核心的强度和宽度无明显对应关系。(5)出现TBSS时,59%的回波出现了降雹,11%的回波出现了强冰雹。(6)出现TBSS且出现降雹的过程中,TBSS预报冰雹的时间提前量为5~100 min,平均为34.5 min。(7)在出现TBSS且出现降雹的过程中,TBSS的宽度与冰雹的大小或降雹密度成正比。此外,分析了出现TBSS但未降雹的原因,找出了TBSS配合垂直液态水含量密度(D_(VIL))和45 dBz伸展高度、TBSS配合回波宽度和45 dBz伸展高度的预报冰雹的方法,在出现TBSS特征的回波中,上述方法的预报准确率分别达89%和94%(临界成功指数为0.89和0.94)。 相似文献
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利用高空、地面资料,自动气象站资料和河池多普勒雷达资料,对2013年3月23日桂西北河池市区域性冰雹天气过程进行分析。结果表明:500hPa高原冷槽、850hPa切变线、地面弱冷锋是这次过程的影响系统;边界层辐合线为触发对流云提供了动力条件;冷云厚度是暖云厚度的2倍有利于冰雹天气的产生;适宜降雹的云顶亮温在-52℃到-62℃;当VIL值≥60kg/m2时,强回波附近将有冰雹出现;反射率因子图上的弓形回波,钩状回波,弱回波区,旁瓣回波、三体散射,是发布冰雹预警的重要指标。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献