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1.
游景炎  钱春生 《气象》1993,19(12):19-22
该文对1991年5月24-25日华北回流天气过程作了分析,认为:(1)回流降水结构,在低层东北气流冷垫与中高层西南暖湿气流共同作用下,形成暖锋降水云系,有利于进行人工催化作用;(2)边界层出现冷空气活动,与降水增强有密切联系;(3)深厚的逆温层,同时也是东北风与西南风的过渡层。逆温层上下,风的垂直切变很大,以致整层的理查逊数Ri<1,是导致降水增强的一种机制。  相似文献   

2.
马斯克林高压的变化特征   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
利用历史天气图和NCEP再分析资料,普查了1980~2002年出现在华北平原地区的回流天气过程.依据500 hPa环流形势,对华北平原的回流天气形势分为两种:两槽一脊型和高纬低压带型.针对不同的天气分型对产生回流天气的动力条件、水汽来源进行了合成诊断分析.结果表明:涡度和散度的垂直分布与一般的降水过程不同,低层存在辐散和反气旋环流;自东北南下经渤海回流到华北平原的空气是比较干的.该文分析结果有助于预报业务人员了解回流天气,提高华北回流天气的预报准确率.  相似文献   

3.
赵坤  王凤娇 《山东气象》2012,32(3):11-14
对2011年2月26-27日滨州市的一次雨转雪天气过程进行分析和讨论,此次过程前期主要是高空槽和切变线影响的稳定性降水,后期是低层冷空气与中高层槽前的西南暖湿气流形成回流降水。中低层两支低空急流的建立为降水提供了充足的水汽。水汽通量散度、垂直速度、散度与降水时段、强度、落区具有较好的对应关系。雨雪相态的转变取决于850hPa温度与地面温度。  相似文献   

4.
回流暴雪过程的诊断分析和数值试验   总被引:14,自引:1,他引:14  
张迎新  侯瑞钦  张守保 《气象》2007,33(9):25-32
华北回流天气是预报中的难题,尤其是对其产生降水的开始和结束时间和华北回流的性质研究不多。作者使用NCEP再分析资料、实时观测资料和中尺度模式MM5,对一次回流暴雪过程进行了诊断分析和数值试验。通过分析和试验得出了一些有意义的结果:回流降水的开始和结束与高低层的风向有关,中高层的西南气流与低层偏东气流叠加时降水开始,两者之一消失降水结束;低层经渤海回流到华北地区的气团是干冷的;回流降水的水汽伴随中层的西南气流来自南方地区。这在实际业务预报中具有很好的指示意义。  相似文献   

5.
2019年2月14日在北京海坨山地区出现了一次由低槽云系产成的降雪过程。利用飞机、Ka波段云雷达、微波辐射计、降水粒子谱仪、雪晶显微观测仪等协同观测数据集,分析了此次降雪过程的天气形势、中尺度和微观结构的演变特征。协同观测显示:(1)降雪过程由高空低槽和地面倒槽槽前西南暖湿气流与低层东风回流干冷偏东风共同影响形成,西南风厚度和强度与地面降雪量以及降雪粒子数浓度成正相关。(2)降雪云系为冰云,地面降雪形状主要为片状、枝状和柱状单晶体,冰雪晶的凝华-聚并增长是降雪的主要形成机制。(3)大量枝状雪花的攀附现象出现在地形云爬升阶段,即低层东风回流减弱,转由倒槽槽前西南暖湿气流控制。(4)过冷水的出现与地形抬升有关,地形云爬升期间存在人工增雪潜力。   相似文献   

6.
2017年5月7日,广州经历了一次罕见的局地特大暴雨事件,刷新了多个雨量历史纪录,造成了严重的国民财产损失。本文利用双偏振雷达、二维雨滴谱仪、微波辐射计和风廓线雷达等多种新型探测资料,分析这次短时暴雨的演变过程和降水特征,并通过大气环境诊断和双多普勒雷达风场反演方法研究其维持机制。结果表明,此次降水过程发生在弱天气系统强迫条件下,大气层结表现为弱对流抑制、低抬升凝结高度、中等对流有效位能、较厚的暖云层,低层受暖湿气流影响但无明显急流。强降水是由中尺度对流系统直接产生的。午夜至凌晨的初始对流主要由偏南暖湿气流与地形相互作用产生,对流单体不断在后部触发并逐渐形成准静止的对流雨带;黎明至早晨,新生对流单体沿着成熟的强降水风暴出流与低层偏南暖湿气流的交界不断激发,后向传播过程更为显著,形成回波列车效应;此后降水以组织化的对流雨带不断南移。此次暴雨过程中的对流云团为典型的低质心降水云团,降水雨滴谱在高湿环境中表现为暖性降水的特征(小雨滴浓度非常高),但同时存在部分大粒子,从而导致更高的降水效率和局地强降水。不断加强的低层偏南暖湿气流对于对流系统的发展和维持具有重要作用。  相似文献   

7.
华北南部一次回流暴雪天气的诊断分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用常规观测资料和NCEP再分析资料,对发生在华北南部的一次回流暴雪天气过程进行了动力、热力等诊断分析。结果表明:该回流暴雪天气属于华北回流中的两槽一脊型,导致这次强降雪的影响系统是高空急流、西来槽、低涡切变和低空急流,东北冷空气起到了触发作用。最大降水出现在南北风转换阶段,当东北风完全控制低层,降水结束。高空辐散和低层辐合相叠置及高空正涡度的下传,有强降水的产生,但上升运动中心较低。降雪前的增暖增湿与低层冷空气的楔入使华北南部位于θse能量锋区和水汽辐合区内,有利于强降雪的产生。回流天气的水汽主要来自于南方,低层东北冷空气也有间接输送水汽作用。  相似文献   

8.
采用NCEP/NCAR再分析月平均海温资料、广东省业务站月降水,通过相关分析、合成分析等方法,分析了1月份黑潮海温与广东降水及大气环流的关系。结果表明:1月份黑潮海温与同期广东部分区域降水存在显著正相关。黑潮海温高值年,广东大气中层22°N以北更易受槽前暖湿气流控制,有利降水产生,22°N以南更易受反气旋脊控制,对产生降水不利;同时低层中北部风场易维持辐合性质,有利降水产生,广东南部无此特征;而低值年时,大气中层易受反气旋环流控制,低层易受东北风控制,二者不利于广东产生降水。  相似文献   

9.
应用常规探测资料和NCEP再分析资料, 对2011年2月下旬典型华北回流形势下天津地区一次大到暴雪天气进行了诊断分析。结果表明:回流降雪过程中,华北上空西风环流以纬向型为主,冷空气主体偏北,主要影响系统为华北回流冷高压和低压倒槽。同时,回流降雪中有浅薄的冷空气垫,其上有暖湿气流在爬升,爬升高度大约为650 hPa。回流降雪期间有来自西南和东北两个方向的水汽在天津地区交绥,西南方向的水汽较为暖湿,东北方向的水汽相对干冷,低空和超低空为一致的东北气流,900 hPa附近有超低空急流,700 hPa以上为西南暖湿气流。降雪过程中对流层低层到高层均为一致的强上升运动,上升高度可达200 hPa,对应于低空和超低空有强的辐合。降雪开始前天津及其周边地区有较强的对流不稳定能量和对称不稳定性,有利于对流的发展。  相似文献   

10.
利用多种非常规高时空分辨率观测资料并结合ERA5(ECMWF Reanalysis V5)再分析资料,分析了2019年6月2日长春市区的一场突发性局地大暴雨的中尺度特征,结果发现,低层或高层冷中心、暖湿气流和冷池出流三者之间不同的相互作用是该过程两段不同强度降水产生的根本原因:第一时段降水较强,并伴有强雷电和冰雹,700 hPa附近较弱冷中心在低层偏南风急流作用下北移至长春站北部并叠加在高层强冷中心之下,其下沉气流在边界层顶附近受该处降水形成的冷池和冷锋后部冷平流阻挡向南回流,冷池出流强度增强并在长春站附近迫使强暖湿气流抬升,长春站上空层结不稳定性加强,当上游对流云团东移至该地时强烈发展,回波强度超过60 dBZ,后向传播作用形成东西向线状对流,列车效应显著;第二时段降水相对较弱,仅伴有雷电,长春上空中低层仍为暖平流控制,高层冷空气继续加强并南压,其下沉气流在边界层顶附近受低层急流作用向北辐散,冷平流较强并与第一阶段强降水产生的冷池出流(较弱冷平流)在长春站附近辐合,迫使其低层相对较暖的气团抬升,700 hPa以下转为垂直上升运动,对流云团移至该处再次发展并与周围对流云团合并形成线状对流群,但两支辐合气流均为冷平流,近地面层缺少热力条件配合,不利于上升气流加强和维持,强度不超过55 dBZ且质心较低,维持时间短。  相似文献   

11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.  相似文献   

12.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.  相似文献   

13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.  相似文献   

14.
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.  相似文献   

15.
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on  相似文献   

16.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.  相似文献   

17.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.  相似文献   

18.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.  相似文献   

19.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.  相似文献   

20.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.  相似文献   

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