共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 328 毫秒
1.
利用1979~2012年NCEP/NCAR R2逐日再分析资料和西南地区气象台站观测资料,通过小波分析、带通滤波、合成分析和相关分析等多种统计分析方法,对东亚冬季风月内活动的主要时间尺度及其振荡特征进行了研究。结果表明:东亚冬季风具有明显的月内周期性活动特征,其月内活动时间尺度主要以准1周、准2周和准3周左右的时间周期为主,其中准2周比准1周和准3周略强。月内尺度、准1周、准2周时间尺度内的东亚冬季风指数的强盛期和西南地区冬季低温期有很好的对应关系,其月内尺度、准1周、准2周时间尺度内的振荡特征可以很好指示出同期西南地区较强的低温过程。 相似文献
2.
月内尺度南半球环状模对应的大气环流异常传播特征 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
本文利用NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料, 分析了南半球环状模 (Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode, 简称SAM) 在月内时间尺度 (sub-monthly timescales, 5～30天)上相关环流的垂直和水平传播特征。结果表明, 月内SAM对应的纬向风异常和温度异常具有明显自南极地区向南半球中纬度地区水平传播特征; 在垂直方向上, 纬向风异常为明显上传特征, 温度异常则具有在极地和高纬度地区明显上升、低纬度地区下沉的特点。月内SAM对应的南半球中高纬度地区上传信号表明, 在较短的月内时间尺度上, 对流层信号可以突破对流层顶, 上传达到平流层; 而月内SAM对应的整层南传信号表明, 南极地区环流变化超前于中高纬度地区, 因此在1～3周的月内时间尺度上, 极区信号可能对中高纬地区信号具有指示意义。 相似文献
3.
夏季北半球环状模态及其周期分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对NCEWNCAR再分析资料中的北半球夏季（6—8月）海平面气压（sea level pressure,SLP）场进行EOF分解,其主要模态之一为夏季北半球环状模态（Northern Hemisphere annularmode,NAM）,体现出大气的纬向对称结构,SLP异常场在北极和中高纬地区呈现反相变化分布。通过经验模态分解和希尔伯特变换可知,夏季的环状模态具有准2a和准6a的年际周期,同时还具有准11a和准21a的年代际周期,其年际周期信号占主要部分。 相似文献
4.
北半球环状模(Northern Hemisphere Annular Mode, NAM)是北半球冬季最主要的环流系统,其变化对北半球的冬季气候变率具有重要的影响。现有研究多采用相关、合成等统计方法对NAM及气候要素进行研究,鲜少从因果关系的角度来进行分析。本文基于收敛交叉映射（Convergent Cross Mapping, CCM）算法,利用1960～2018年美国气候预测中心（Climate Prediction Center, CPC）的NAM指数、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了NAM与东北亚地区冬季地面气温（Surface Air Temperature, SAT）的因果关系的年际变化及其可能的物理机制。结果表明:1）NAM对东北亚地区冬季SAT具有单向因果关系,且其关系的强弱存在年际变化,2006年、1982年分别为因果影响的最大值和最小值年。2）冬季NAM指数存在显著的8～9年尺度主周期,该周期为冬季NAM影响东北亚地区SAT的驱动因子,其变化在一定程度上影响了NAM对东北亚地区SAT因果关系的年际变化。3）对比NAM对SAT影响的因果关系的最大值（2006年）和最小值（1982年）年环流形势,可见,高值年（2006年）NAM的“跷跷板”结构明显,而低值年（1982年）NAM的南北振荡形势并不明显。本文对于分析因果关系的年际、年代际变化给出了一个新的思路。 相似文献
5.
利用NCEP/NCAR R2逐日再分析资料和西南地区气象台站逐日气温资料,通过带通滤波、小波分析、相关分析和合成分析等统计方法,研究了2010年东亚冬季风月内尺度振荡特征及其与西南地区冬季气温的联系。结果表明,2010年东亚冬季风在月内时间尺度上主要存在7天左右、12天左右以及30天左右为主要振荡周期的低频振荡。东亚冬季风月内尺度,准1周、准2周时间尺度内的振荡特征可以很好指示出同期西南地区较强的低温过程,且在准2周尺度比准1周尺度对西南地区冬季低温的影响更明显。月内尺度、准1周、准2周尺度上东亚冬季风正、负位相时,无论是对流层高层、中层、低层环流场分布形势均有显著差别,当东亚冬季风正位相时对流层从高层到低层环流场形势均有利于西南地区冬季低温,而负位相时环流形势相反,不利于西南地区低温。 相似文献
6.
本文利用1982年7—9月地面气压,850、500hPa高度和温度,广东地区测站的雨量等资料,进行功率谱、交叉谱、凝聚谱以及相关系数的计算。结果表明,这年夏季,印缅槽存在准三周的周期振荡,澳大利亚冷高压存在准两周的周期振荡,两者叠加的结果,与广东地区降水存在的准两周和准一周的振荡周期相吻合。研究还指出,这两个系统的周期变化比广东地区的降水超前1—3天。 相似文献
7.
河南省近50年来旱涝变化的多时间尺度分析 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
用小波变换方法分析了河南省近50年来月降水量距平序列的多时间尺度结构,对河南省旱、涝的时频变化特征进行了初步研究.结果表明,河南降水除了具有6～9个月的自然周期变化外,还存在准2 a、4～8 a的中小时间尺度和20 a左右的大时间尺度周期变化,且小时间尺度周期变化在所讨论的时间域中呈不均匀分布. 相似文献
8.
与北极涛动或北半球环状模相关的纬向对称的正规模态 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3
作为一个全球气候变率的重要模态,北极涛动或北半球环状模态(AO/NAM)一般由北半球海平面气压变率的EOF1来表示。但是通常认为EOF1仅有统计学意义而并不能够表明它是否是一种实际的物理模态。另一方面,现有的波-流相互作用理论也仅能给出纬向风的纬向平均状况,而不能够保证沿着某一纬圈的变化,所以它并不意味着一个具有半球尺度的纬向对称的相干结构能够组织起来。因此AO/NAM的形成机制仍然是一个具有争议的问题。文章提出纬向对称的或环状的正规模态与基本气候态附近的线性(进而非线性)动力学之间有着最直接的联系,因而可能在AO/NAM动力学的理解中扮演重要角色。为了深入探讨AO/NAM的动力学本质,使用p-坐标球面原始方程计算了冬季北半球及全球气候基本态附近的线性动力系统纬向对称的正规模态,发现在半球尺度上的纬向对称正规模态具有AO/NAM的经向偶极子及垂直方向近似正压的空间结构特征。而这些纬向对称正规模的时间变化尺度取决于与其他非纬向对称正规模间的相互作用。从而说明了AO/NAM可能是半球尺度上纬向对称正规模态的动力学行为的反映。 相似文献
9.
近47年雅鲁藏布江中游地区汛期降水量的小波分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
根据雅鲁藏布江中游地区4个代表站(拉萨、泽当、日喀则和江孜)近47年(1960—2006年)月降水量总量资料,利用墨西哥帽小波函数,分析了该地区近47年汛期(5-9月)降水量序列的周期变化特征。结果表明:雅鲁藏布江中游地区汛期降水量存在准14年和准2年的周期振荡,其中日喀则和江孜站以准14年的周期为主,而拉萨和江孜站以准2年周期为主;在12-16年左右的时间尺度上经历了8个干湿交替,而准2年周期在1964-1976年和1984-1997年期间表现得尤为显著;20世纪70年代中期以后8年左右时间尺度的周期变化显著;在近47年内有5个时段出现了不同尺度周期振荡同位相叠加,致使降水量异常年份较多。 相似文献
10.
大气环流的年代际变化I.观测资料的分析 总被引：20，自引：1，他引：19
利用多种资料分析研究了大气环流(包括几个主要大气涛动、一些主要大气环流系统)的时间变化特征.结果清楚地表明大气环流,无论是热带大气还是中高纬度的大气环流,存在着显著的年代际变化特征,主要为10～20年准周期振荡和30多年准周期振荡.北大西洋涛动(NAO)和北太平洋涛动(NPO)的10～20年准周期振荡有近乎同位相特征,而它们的30多年准周期振荡却有近乎反位相变化.西太平洋副高强度与北美大槽强度的变化在10～20年时间尺度既有同位相情况也有反位相情况;但在30多年时间尺度却是基本同位相的.西太平洋副高强度与东亚大槽强度变化在30多年时间尺度也是基本同位相的,且副高变化超前约5～7年. 相似文献
11.
This paper examines the dominant submonthly variability of zonally symmetrical atmospheric circula- tion in the Northern Hemisphere （NH） winter within the context of the Northern Annular Mode （NAM）, with particular emphasis on interactive stratosphere-troposphere processes. The submonthly variability is identified and measured using a daily NAM index, which concentrates primarily on zonally symmetrical circulation. A schematic lifecycle of submonthly variability is developed that reveals a two-way coupling pro- cess between the stratosphere and troposphere in the NH polar region. Specifically, anomalous tropospheric zonal winds in the Atlantic and Pacific sectors of the Arctic propagate upwards to the low stratosphere, disturbing the polar vortex, and resulting in an anomalous stratospheric geopotential height （HGT） that subsequently propagates down into the troposphere and changes the sign of the surface circulations. From the standpoint of planetary-scale wave activities, a feedback loop is also evident when the anoma- lous planetary-scale waves （with wavenumbers 2 and 3） propagate upwards, which disturbs the anomalous zonally symmetrical flow in the low stratosphere, and induces the anomalous HGT to move poleward in the low stratosphere, and then propagates down into the troposphere. This increases the energy of waves at wavenumbers 2 and 3 in the low troposphere in middle latitudes by enhancing the land-sea contrast of the anomalous HGT field. Thus, this study supports the viewpoint that the downward propagation of stratospheric NAM signals may not originate in the stratosphere. 相似文献
12.
In order to study the physical nature of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) or the Northern Hemisphere annular mode (NAM), the linear stochastic model, constructed empirically from the output of a GCM run, is used to investigate the modal aspects of this climate variability mode. Theoretical analysis on the dominant modal response to the stochastic forcing is performed in terms of the maximum variance contribution. As the modal aspect of AO/NAM, two dominant normal modes are found to resemble the spatial structure of the AO/NAM represented by the leading EOF. These stochastically forced normal modes are regarded to be physical modes and thus can explain many fundamental features of the AO/NAM such as the barotropic annular dipole, tropospher–stratosphere coupling, and its dominance over the wintertime Northern Hemisphere. It then follows that the origin or physical nature of the AO/NAM can be attributed to the behaviors of the dominant annular normal modes. A key distinction of this study from previous eddy driving theories is that, to drive the variability, eddy forcing needs not to have a spatial structure completely coinciding with the pattern of the NAM, since the latter is mainly decided by the linear normal modes. 相似文献
13.
M. I. Vitorino P. L. da Silva Dias N. J. Ferreira 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2006,93(1-2):17-35
Summary Atmospheric variability in outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR) and tropospheric relative vorticity (VOR) over the South American
region was studied from 1979 to 1996 using the complex Morlet wavelet function. The analyses focus on spatial variation in
intraseasonal and submonthly scales. Scalograms were used to measure submonthly intraseasonal oscillations in convection,
which were found to be predominant in the tropical regions. However, 7-day and 15-day oscillations were observed at tropical
and extratropical latitudes in spring and winter, indicating that transient disturbances play a more prominent role. Regarding
VOR, tropical energy intensities were highest in the spring and summer, whereas subtropical and extratropical energy intensities
were highest in the autumn and winter. The dynamics of the 25-day and 45-day VOR oscillations indicates a possible correlation
with Rossby waves over the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, mainly during the summer. During winter, the 7-day and 15-day VOR
oscillations are more frequent at higher latitudes and are enhanced along storm tracks. It was also observed that convection
amplitudes in the regions of maximum intensity change appreciably from year to year and from season to season, showing that
the behavior of the submonthly and intraseasonal oscillations is nonperiodic and correlates strongly with El Ni?o/Southern
Oscillation years. These results confirm the efficiency of wavelet analysis for time-scale studies of atmospheric variability. 相似文献
14.
各层北半球环形模态异常与地面大气温度的关系研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
文中研究了不同气压层的北半球环形模态异常时,与之相应的北半球地面大气温度的变化及其月际变率特征。为衡量温度变化的程度,使用偏最小二乘回归方法定义了一个新的耦合指数。该指数定义为对地面气温距平场和北半球环形模态指数做偏最小二乘回归分析的第1主分量。分析表明,该指数可以较准确地表现出北半球环形模态异常时相应的整个温度场变化程度。通过该指数序列分析和环形模态异常时地面气温合成分析,比较了处于不同气压层面的北半球环形模态异常与地面大气温度异常的不同关系。(1)不同层面的北半球环形模态异常与同时期的地面温度关系比较:1月对流层中高层的北半球环形模态异常与1月地面温度异常关系最密切,密切程度超过其他气压层的北半球环形模态异常,与2月地面温度关系较显著的是1月平流层低层的北半球环形模态异常;(2)环形模态异常与地面气温耦合关系的月际变率分析结果:1月位于对流层中高层的北半球环形模态异常与1月地面气温耦合关系最强烈,与其他各月地面气温的耦合逐月递减,4月之后变得不明显;1月平流层低层的北半球环形模态异常除了与1月气温关系密切外,还与2、3月地面气温关系密切,4月之后不明显。 相似文献
15.
As leading modes of the planetary-scale atmospheric circulation in the extratropics, the Northern Hemisphere(NH)annular mode(NAM) and Southern Hemisphere(SH) annular mode(SAM) are important components of global circulation, and their variabilities substantially impact the climate in mid-high latitudes. A 35-yr(1979-2013) simulation by the climate system model developed at the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(CAMS-CSM) was carried out based on observed sea surface temperature and sea ice data. The ability of CAMS-CSM in simulating horizontal and vertical structures of the NAM and SAM, relation of the NAM to the East Asian climate, and temporal variability of the SAM is examined and validated against the observational data. The results show that CAMS-CSM captures the zonally symmetric and out-of-phase variations of sea level pressure anomaly between the midlatitudes and polar zones in the extratropics of the NH and SH. The model has also captured the equivalent barotropic structure in tropospheric geopotential height and the meridional shifts of the NH and SH jet systems associated with the NAM and SAM anomalies. Furthermore, the model is able to reflect the variability of northern and southern Ferrel cells corresponding to the NAM and SAM anomalies. The model reproduces the observed relationship of the boreal winter NAM with the East Asian trough and air temperature over East Asia. It also captures the upward trend of the austral summer SAM index during recent decades. However, compared with the observation, the model shows biases in both the intensity and center locations of the NAM's and SAM's horizontal and vertical structures. Specifically, it overestimates their intensities. 相似文献
16.
Decadal variation of the Northern Hemisphere Annular Mode and its influence on the East Asian trough 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 We analyze the decadal variation of the stratosphere troposphere coupled system around the year 2000 by using the NCEP reanalysis-2 data.Specifically,the relationship between the Northern Hemisphere Annular Mode(NAM) and the tropospheric East Asian trough is investigated in order to find the effective stratospheric signals during cold air outbreaks in China.Statistical analyses and dynamic diagnoses both indicate that after 2000,increased stratospheric polar vortex disturbances occur and the NAM is mainly in negative phase.The tropospheric polar areas are directly affected by the polar vortex,and in the midlatitudes,the Ural blocking high and East Asian trough are more active,which lead to enhanced cold air activities in eastern and northern China.Further investigation reveals that under this circulation pattern,downward propagations of negative NAM index are closely related to the intensity variation of the East Asian trough.When negative NAM anomalies propagate down to the upper troposphere and reach a certain intensity(standardized NAM index less than 1),they result in apparent reinforcement of the East Asian trough,which reaches its maximum intensity about one week later.The northerly wind behind the trough transports cold air southward and eastward,and the range of influence and the intensity are closely associated with the trough location.Therefore,the NAM index can be used as a measure of the signals from the disturbed stratosphere to give some indication of cold air activities in China. 相似文献