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1.
The air–sea fluxes of momentum, heat, freshwater and their components have been computed globally from 1948 at frequencies ranging from 6-hourly to monthly. All fluxes are computed over the 23 years from 1984 to 2006, but radiation prior to 1984 and precipitation before 1979 are given only as climatological mean annual cycles. The input data are based on NCEP reanalysis only for the near surface vector wind, temperature, specific humidity and density, and on a variety of satellite based radiation, sea surface temperature, sea-ice concentration and precipitation products. Some of these data are adjusted to agree in the mean with a variety of more reliable satellite and in situ measurements, that themselves are either too short a duration, or too regional in coverage. The major adjustments are a general increase in wind speed, decrease in humidity and reduction in tropical solar radiation. The climatological global mean air–sea heat and freshwater fluxes (1984–2006) then become 2 W/m2 and ?0.1 mg/m2 per second, respectively, down from 30 W/m2 and 3.4 mg/m2 per second for the unaltered data. However, decadal means vary from 7.3 W/m2 (1977–1986) to ?0.3 W/m2 (1997–2006). The spatial distributions of climatological fluxes display all the expected features. A comparison of zonally averaged wind stress components across ocean sub-basins reveals large differences between available products due both to winds and to the stress calculation. Regional comparisons of the heat and freshwater fluxes reveal an alarming range among alternatives; typically 40 W/m2 and 10 mg/m2 per second, respectively. The implied ocean heat transports are within the uncertainty of estimates from ocean observations in both the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific basins. They show about 2.4 PW of tropical heating, of which 80% is transported to the north, mostly in the Atlantic. There is similar good agreement in freshwater transport at many latitudes in both basins, but neither in the South Atlantic, nor at 35°N. 相似文献
2.
Parameterisation of incoming longwave radiation over glacier surfaces in the semiarid Andes of Chile
Shelley MacDonell Lindsey Nicholson Christophe Kinnard 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2013,111(3-4):513-528
A good understanding of radiation fluxes is important for calculating energy, and hence, mass exchange at glacier surfaces. This study evaluates incoming longwave radiation measured at two nearby glacier stations in the high Andes of the Norte Chico region of Chile. These data are the first published records of atmospheric longwave radiation measurements in this region. Nine previously published optimised parameterisations for clear sky emissivity all produced results with a root mean square error (RMSE) ~20 W?m?2 and bias within ±5 W m?2, which is inline with findings from other regions. Six optimised parameterisations for incoming longwave in all sky conditions were trialled for application to this site, five of which performed comparably well with RMSE on daytime data <18 W?m?2 and bias within ±6 W?m?2 when applied to the optimisation site and RMSE <20 W?m?2 and bias within ±10 W m?2 when applied to the validation site. The parameterisation proposed by Mölg et al. (J Glaciol 55:292-302, 2009) was selected for use in this region. Incorporating the proposed elevation modification into the equation reduced the bias in the modelled incoming longwave radiation for the validation site. It was found that applying the parameterisation optimised in the original work at Kilimanjaro produced good results at both the primary and validation site in this study, suggesting that this formulation may be robust for different high mountain regions. 相似文献
3.
In the context of 1985—1988 ERBE and 1984—1988 ISCCP planetary scale albedoes and totalcloudiness in combination with Qinghai-Xizang actinometric measurements,investigation wasperformed of the climatic retrieval of surface absorbed shortwave radiation(SASWR)in theresearch highland.Evidence suggests that the method has given higher fitting accuracy with meanerror of 9.8 W m~(-2),whereupon was calculated the monthly mean SASWR flux density at thegridpoints of 2.5°×2.5°resolution over 25—40°N,75—95°E and 63 stations alongside a set of thedistribution maps prepared for its basic features. 相似文献
4.
利用Nimbus-7行星反射率观测资料估算青藏高原地区的总辐射 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
本文利用1982年8月—1983年7月期间Nimbus-7行星反射率的月平均资料用“物理模式方法(Raschke and Preuss,1979)”估算了青藏高原及其邻近地区月平均地面总辐射的分布。得到的结果较好地反映了纬度、海拔与云量三个主要因子对总辐射分布的支配作用。根据高原及其邻近地区23个测站的资料,对总辐射的计算值与观测值进行了比较。统计分析表明,相关系数f=0.90,标准误差RMS=27w/m~2,平均绝对误差ABS=21w/m~2(相当于有效平均总辐射的11.7％)。文中还对误差来源和敏感性问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
5.
从Himawari08卫星估算晴空地表长波辐射及其日变化特征初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过446183条全球晴空大气廓线的红外辐射传输模拟和统计回归,建立了由Himawari08成像仪通道遥测数据估算晴空地表上行、下行长波辐射通量的反演模式,模式应用于成像仪观测资料,处理出晴空地表上行、下行长波辐射通量实时产品,2016年2~6月的产品精度验证试验结果为:与相同时刻的AQUA卫星CERES仪器同类产品相比,地表上行通量均方根误差Re=7.9 W/m2,相关系数R=0.9399,地表下行通量Re=14.5 W/m2,R=0.9586;与由中国地面气象站地面气温和相对湿度观测经Brunt、Brutsaert经验公式计算的实时地表下行长波辐射通量相比,Re=15.34 W/m2,R=0.8786;与用陆表温度计算的地表上行长波辐射通量相比,Re=12.6 W/m2,R=0.9977。研究了2016年2、6月的晴空地表长波辐射产品,发现陆地晴空上、下行通量有着与太阳加热地表增温相应的明显日变化特征,峰值出现在12:00（当地时间,下同）至14:00,低谷出现在04:00至07:00,下行通量与上行通量几乎同步变化或约有延时,陆地上2个通量归一化的日变化指数类似一个半正弦曲线,而海面长波辐射通量则没有明显的日变化规律。 相似文献
6.
In this study,the clear sky hourly global and net solar irradiances at the surface determined using SUNFLUX,a simple parameterization scheme,for three stations(Gaize,Naqu,and Lhasa) on the Tibetan Plateau were evaluated against observation data.Our modeled results agree well with observations.The correlation coefficients between modeled and observed values were > 0.99 for all three stations.The relative error of modeled results,in average was < 7%,and the root-mean-square variance was < 27 W m 2.The solar irradiances in the radiation model were slightly overestimated compared with observation data;there were at least two likely causes.First,the radiative effects of aerosols were not included in the radiation model.Second,solar irradiances determined by thermopile pyranometers include a thermal offset error that causes solar radiation to be slightly underestimated.The solar radiation absorbed by the ozone and water vapor was estimated.The results show that monthly mean solar radiation absorbed by the ozone is < 2% of the global solar radiation(< 14 W m 2).Solar radiation absorbed by water vapor is stronger in summer than in winter.The maximum amount of monthly mean solar radiation absorbed by water vapor can be up to 13% of the global solar radiation(95 W m 2).This indicates that water vapor measurements with high precision are very important for precise determination of solar radiation. 相似文献
7.
Calbó Josep González Josep-Abel Sanchez-Lorenzo Arturo 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2017,129(3-4):1003-1015
Measurement of solar radiation was initiated in Girona, northeast of the Iberian Peninsula, in the late 1980s. Initially, two pyranometers were installed, one of them equipped with a shadowband for measuring the diffuse component. Two other pyranometers currently exist, both ventilated and one of them shadowed, with a sphere, and a pyrheliometer for measuring direct radiation. Additional instruments for other shortwave and longwave components, clouds, and atmospheric aerosols have been installed in recent years. The station is subject to daily inspection, data are saved at high temporal resolution, and instruments are periodically calibrated, all in accordance with the directions of the Baseline Surface Radiation Network. The present paper describes how the entire series of global solar radiation (1987–2014) and diffuse radiation (1994–2014) were built, including the quality control process. Appropriate corrections to the diffuse component were made when a shadowband was employed to make measurements. Analysis of the series reveals that annual mean global irradiance presents a statistically significant increase of 2.5 W m−2 (1.4 %) decade−1 (1988–2014 period), mainly due to what occurs in summer (5.6 W m−2 decade−1). These results constitute the first assessment of solar radiation trends for the northeastern region of the Iberian Peninsula and are consistent with trends observed in the regional surroundings and also by satellite platforms, in agreement with the global brightening phenomenon. Diffuse radiation has decreased at −1.3 W m−2 (−2 %) decade−1 (1994–2014 period), which is a further indication of the reduced cloudiness and/or aerosol load causing the changes.
相似文献8.
国际卫星云气候计划ISCCP是国际上较权威和客观的云气候性研究计划, 自1983年以来为研究全球云和辐射平衡、云水资源分布等提供了有价值的数据。在分析总云量卫星和地面两种观测方式差异的基础上, 研究了1984-2006年ISCCP D2产品和我国地面观测云资料数据集总云量空间及时间差异。尽管两套资料能一致揭示我国总云量的分布形势和气候变化特征, 但区域性差异仍比较明显。天基、地基数据可对比格点上, 全国平均而言总云量卫星观测结果比地面观测偏高8.46%, 华南地区差异最小、东北地区差异最大。气候变化趋势分析结果表明:近23年我国总云量呈减少趋势, ISCCP D2产品总云量每年减少速度为0.015%, 小于地面观测的总云量每年减少速度 (0.063%); 东北地区总云量缓慢增多, 而青藏高原、西北地区总云量减少。利用卫星和地面资料均以累积距平法检测出1984—2001年总云量减少、2002-2006年总云量显著增加。 相似文献
9.
Zhaoliang ZENG Zemin WANG Minghu DING Xiangdong ZHENG Xiaoyu SUN Wei ZHU Kongju ZHU Jiachun AN Lin ZANG Jianping GUO Baojun ZHANG 《大气科学进展》2021,38(9):1497-1509
Long-term,ground-based daily global solar radiation (DGSR) at Zhongshan Station in Antarctica can quantitatively reveal the basic characteristics of Earth’s surface radiation balance and validate satellite data for the Antarctic region.The fixed station was established in 1989,and conventional radiation observations started much later in 2008.In this study,a random forest (RF) model for estimating DGSR is developed using ground meteorological observation data,and a highprecision,long-term DGSR dataset is constructed.Then,the trend of DGSR from 1990 to 2019 at Zhongshan Station,Antarctica is analyzed.The RF model,which performs better than other models,shows a desirable performance of DGSR hindcast estimation with an R~2 of 0.984,root-mean-square error of 1.377 MJ m~(-2),and mean absolute error of 0.828 MJ m~(-2).The trend of DGSR annual anomalies increases during 1990–2004 and then begins to decrease after 2004.Note that the maximum value of annual anomalies occurs during approximately 2004/05 and is mainly related to the days with precipitation (especially those related to good weather during the polar day period) at this station.In addition to clouds and water vapor,bad weather conditions (such as snowfall,which can result in low visibility and then decreased sunshine duration and solar radiation) are the other major factors affecting solar radiation at this station.The high-precision,longterm estimated DGSR dataset enables further study and understanding of the role of Antarctica in global climate change and the interactions between snow,ice,and atmosphere. 相似文献
10.
Atmospheric back radiation in the tropical pacific: Intercomparison of in-situ measurements, simulations and satellite retrievals 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary The back radiation has been measured with an Eppley pyrgeometer on board the R/V Vickers in the tropical Pacific Ocean during the field campaigns COARE (Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment) and CEPEX (Central Equatorial Pacific Experiment) in February and March 1993, respectively. As part of these compaigns radiosondes have been launched from the Vickers several times per day and cloud cover was observed frequently. The radiosonde and cloud observations are used together with a radiative transfer model to calculate the back radiation for a subsequent intercomparison with the pyrgeometer measurements. Another means of comparison is derived from space-borne SSM/I (Special Sensor Microwave/Imager) measurements. The mean difference between pyrgeometer measurements and simulated downwelling irradiance at the sea surface is less than 2 W/m2, at a mean of 425 W/m2 in the warm pool, with a standard deviation of 8 W/m2. The comparison of satellite measurements with pyrgeometer readings shows a mean difference of-3 W/m2 and a standard deviation of 14 W/m2. The mean difference between satellite-derived back radiation and simulated one is 3 W/m2 with a standard deviation of 14 W/m2. Comparisons with results obtained from bulk formulae applied to surface meteorological observations show a good performance of the bulk parameterisations in the cloud-free case but a general overestimation of the back radiation in cloudy situations.With 5 Figures 相似文献
11.
1961～2009年我国地面太阳辐射变化特征及云对其影响的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于我国100个地面站点的地面太阳总辐射、日平均云量资料分析1961～2009年我国地面太阳辐射(Surface Solar Radiation,SSR)变化特征及云在不同时期对SSR的影响。结果显示:1961～2009年我国SSR经历了先下降后上升的变化过程,其中1961～1990年SSR显著下降("变暗"),下降速率为-4.3%/10 a(7.87 W m–2(10 a)–1),各地SSR变化趋势比较一致;1990年后SSR开始上升("变亮"),上升速率为2.8%/10 a(2.4 W m–2(10 a)–1),各地SSR变化趋势不如前一阶段一致,但没有显著的地域分布特征。晴空条件的设置对1961～1990年各站点SSR变化特征影响不大,仍为大范围下降("变暗"),但对1990～2009年的结果影响显著。相比全天空条件的结果,晴空条件下1990～2009年我国SSR变化有明显的南北特征,南方地区以"变亮"为主,而北方地区大多继续"变暗",但"变暗"速度减缓。1961～1990年我国总云量总体呈小幅下降趋势,下降速率很慢,这一时期总云量与全天空SSR没有很好的对应关系;1990～2009年我国总云量总体呈小幅上升趋势,有显著的南北分布差异,北方地区以上升趋势为主,南方地区以下降趋势为主,期间云量与全天空情况下SSR有很好的对应关系。这些结果表明,在"变暗"阶段,云对SSR的作用不显著,而在"变亮"阶段,云的作用变得较为突出。 相似文献
12.
Zhengfang Wu Haibo Du Dongsheng Zhao Ming Li Xiangjun Meng Shengwei Zong 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2012,108(3-4):495-503
Daily global solar radiation is an important input required in most crop models. In the present study, a sunshine-based model, the ?ngstr?m–Prescott model, is employed to estimate daily global solar radiation on a horizontal surface during the growing season in Northeast China. Data from six control groups are used. The controls include the entire sequence, precipitation days, and non-precipitation days both during the growing season and year-round. Estimations are validated by comparing the calculated values with the corresponding measured values. The results indicate that estimating daily global solar radiation during the growing season using data only from the growing season is better than using year-round data. Classifying days with respect to precipitation and non-precipitation is also unnecessary. The performance on estimating daily global solar radiation during the growing season using the entire data in growing season performs best. A sunshine-based equation is obtained using our method to estimate growing season daily radiation for all meteorological stations in Northeast China. The approved approach is expected to be beneficial to crop models and other agricultural purposes. 相似文献
13.
Abstract?This paper presents the results of measurements of the concentration of surface ozone and concurrent standard meteorological parameters: total solar radiation, temperature, relative humidity, pressure, wind speed, and vertical and horizontal components of the wind. The data were collected from 2005 to 2010 at stations located in central Poland (Mazowieckie voivodeship): Warszawa (urban), Legionowo (suburban), Granica and Belsk (rural). Furthermore, Granica is situated in the forested area of Kampinoski National Park. Continuously measured surface ozone concentrations demonstrated the well-known diurnal cycle of surface ozone concentration with a maximum in the afternoon and a minimum in the early morning hours. The averaged diurnal variations over six years reveal that the highest concentrations appear at rural stations (Belsk: 55?µg?m?3 and Granica: 50?µg?m?3) and the lowest at the urban station (Warszawa: 41?µg?m?3). The threshold for high levels of surface ozone (120?µg?m?3 per 8?h) was exceeded most often at Granica and Belsk. The occurrence of the ozone “weekend effect,” especially at urban stations, has been identified. The difference between weekend and weekday surface ozone concentrations at urban and rural stations was as high as 6.5?µg?m?3 and approximately 2?µg?m?3, respectively. Using appropriate statistical tools, it has been shown that meteorological conditions have a significant influence on ozone concentration. High correlation coefficients were found between ozone concentration and solar radiation, temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. The forward stepwise regression model explains up to 75% of the variations in daily surface ozone concentration in terms of meteorological variability in summer and up to 70% in winter. At the same time, a multilayer perceptron neural network model was used to reconstruct the concentration of surface ozone. High correlation coefficients (up to 0.89) indicate that, on the basis of standard meteorological parameters and NO2 concentration, we can determine ozone concentration with high accuracy. 相似文献
14.
This paper describes and tests two models for estimating net radiation(or the radiation balance)on sloping surfacesof alpine environments.They are an empirical method based on the linear relationship between net radiation and globalsolar radiation and a flux-by-flux method involving the estimation of all the individual components of radiation budgetindependently.The results show that the empirical method is capable of predicting hourly net radiation on sloping sur-faces to within about±53 W m~(-2) under all sky conditions.During clear sky conditions,it could predict net radiation onslopes to within±58 W m~(-2) or 16% of the measured values.The flux-by-flux method,although it did not perform aswell as the empirical method,performed adequately and could give estimates of net radiation on slopes with root meansquare error of less than 74 W m~(-2)(20%)and a mean bias error of 27 W m~(-2)(7%). 相似文献
15.
Asgeir Sorteberg Vladimir Kattsov John E. Walsh Tatyana Pavlova 《Climate Dynamics》2007,29(2-3):131-156
Ensembles of simulations of the twentieth- and twentyfirst-century climate, performed with 20 coupled models for the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment, provide the basis for an evaluation of the Arctic (70°–90°N) surface energy
budget. While the various observational sources used for validation contain differences among themselves, some model biases
and across-model differences emerge. For all energy budget components in the twentieth-century simulations (the 20C3M simulation),
the across-model variance and the differences from observational estimates are largest in the marginal ice zone (Barents,
Kara, Chukchi Seas). Both downward and upward longwave radiation at the surface are underestimated in winter by many models,
and the ensenmble mean annual net surface energy loss by longwave radiation is 35 W/m2, which is less than for the NCEP and ERA40 reanalyses but in line with some of the satellite estimates. Incoming solar radiation
is overestimated by the models in spring and underestimated in summer and autumn. The ensemble mean annual net surface energy
gain by shortwave radiation is 39 W/m2, which is slightly less than for the observational based estimates, In the twentyfirst-century simulations driven by the
SRES A2 scenario, increased concentrations of greenhouse gasses increase (average for 2080–2100 minus average for 1980–2000
averages) the annual average ensemble mean downward longwave radiation by 30.1 W/m2. This was partly counteracted by a 10.7 W/m2 reduction in downward shortwave radiation. Enhanced sea ice melt and increased surface temperatures increase the annual surface
upward longwave radiation by 27.1 W/m2 and reduce the upward shortwave radiation by 13.2 W/m2, giving an annual net (shortwave plus longwave) surface radiation increase of 5.8 W/m2 , with the maximum changes in summer. The increase in net surface radiation is largely offset by an increased energy loss
of 4.4 W/m2 by the turbulent fluxes. 相似文献
16.
FY-3系列卫星星载IRAS仪器设有26个通道,其中20个通道用于探测地球大气在红外波段的热辐射,通道辐射率代表了地球大气系统在大气顶的向外辐射光谱信息,与总波段的射出长波辐射（OLR）通量相关性高。该文基于逐线辐射传输模式计算软件LBLRTM对全球2521条大气廓线的大气顶射出辐射率模拟数据,计算了每条廓线的OLR和FY-3B/IRAS,FY-3C/IRAS通道辐射率,用统计回归方法建立了利用IRAS的多通道辐射率计算OLR的非线性理论回归模式;应用模式和FY-3B/IRAS,FY-3C/IRAS的L1级数据,处理得到2016年4月1-30日的全球日平均、月平均OLR格点产品。与Aqua/CERES,Terra/CERES仪器宽波段观测OLR产品对比表明:对于水平分辨率为1°×1°的全球月平均OLR格点产品,均方根误差为2.22 W·m-2,相关系数为0.9982 W·m-2,平均偏差为-0.2 W·m-2,表明FY-3/IRAS仪器定标及反演模式均达到较高水平。文中还回顾了历史上不同气象卫星的多种OLR反演算法模式,并对不同模式精度进行了比较。 相似文献
17.
Investigation on the direct radiative effect of fossil fuel black-carbon aerosol over China 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Bingliang Zhuang Fei Jiang Tijian Wang Shu Li Bin Zhu 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2011,104(3-4):301-312
In China, due to lack of countrywide monitoring and coarse emission inventory of black carbon (BC) in early years, there are large uncertainties as to the estimations of its loading, direct radiative forcing (DRF) and climate response. Here, we apply an up-to-date emission inventory of BC in 2006 to investigate its loading, optical depth (AOD) at 550?nm and DRF using the coupled Regional Climate Chemistry Modeling System (RegCCMS). A state of the art air quality model (WRF/Chem) is also used to access surface BC concentration. Simulated surface concentrations of BC from these two models were compared with observations, while the AOD was compared with the results both from the Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) model and from satellite and ground-based simulations. Results show that RegCCMS presented similar patterns and levels of annual mean-surface BC concentration to those of WRF/Chem. The regional distributions and monthly variations of RegCCMS BC were reproduced well in comparison to observations. Simulated pattern of AODs are consistent to but lower than those from satellite (Omi-0.25°) and AERONET simulations. Annual mean DRFs mainly distribute in the area with high BC loadings, with regional mean of 0.75?W?m?C2 and predicted global mean of 0.343?W?m?C2. In general, the results are about 0.4?C5 times for regional column burden, about 2 times as high for regional mean DRFs, about 1.3?C1.8 times for global mean DRFs and about 3?C4 times for AOD at 550?nm as compared to those in previous studies in China. These increasing DRFs of BC imply that its warming effect and climate response should be stronger and the DRF of total aerosols should be weaker (less negative). 相似文献
18.
Analysis of solar radiation over Egypt 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
M. A. Omran 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2000,67(3-4):225-240
Summary The database utilized in this analysis consisted of daily sunshine duration and hourly global and diffuse radiation on a
horizontal surface (for Matruh Cairo, and Aswan), and normal incidence beam radiation (for Cairo and Aswan only). Monthly-average
hourly and daily values are reported for each of these three types of measured radiation, together with the calculated monthly-average
daily values for the components of global radiation, horizontal beam and diffuse radiation. The monthly-average hourly and
daily clearsky index values have also been calculated and analyzed. Monthly-average daily frequency distributions of the clearsky
index values are reported for each month.
The annual-average daily global irradiation values are 19.4, 18.67, and 21.78 MJ/m2 and for diffuse irradiation they are 6.34, 6.65 and 6.23 MJ/m2 for Matruh, Cairo and Aswan, respectively. For the normal incidence beam irradiation the annual-average daily values are
16.94 and 24.46 MJ/m2 for Cairo and Aswan, respectively. The annual-average daily fractions of the direct component of horizontal global radiation
are 0.70, 0.61 and 0.72 for the three stations, respectively. The annual-average daily values for the clearsky index are 0.585,
0.566, and 0.648, and the average frequency of clear days annually are 67.3, 42.3 and 77.6% respectively.
The annual variations and trend analysis were analyzed for daily global, direct, and diffuse radiation on a horizontal surface,
daily sunshine duration, and for the daily ratios G/G0, and D/G for the stations Matruh, Cairo and Aswan. The distribution of these components of radiation and their ratios over
the study stations in Egypt is also discussed.
The results show that Egypt is characterized by relatively high average-daily radiation rates, both global and direct, and
a relatively high frequency of clear days. Cairo, due to its urbanization and high pollution, has relatively low average-daily
radiation rates, particularly in direct radiation, and the frequency of clear days.
Received February 26, 1998 Revised February 4, 1999 相似文献
19.
辐射平衡是气候决定性因素之一, 温湿廓线对辐射计算有重要影响。利用中国东部地区1960—2008年74个探空站资料, 将SBDART（Santa Barbara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer）辐射传输模式自带的大气温湿廓线和探空测得的实际大气温湿廓线进行对比, 并代入SBDART模式中, 分别计算晴空条件下不同温湿廓线对辐射通量的影响。结果表明:（1）中国东部地区的大气温湿廓线有明显的区域和季节特点;（2）模式地面向下辐射通量与实际相比有较明显差异, 尤其是在东北地区的冬季、中东部地区的夏季和华南地区的冬季, 差值达20—35 W/m2, 相对误差达2.01%—3.18%;（3）在东北地区的冬季、中东部地区的冬季以及华南地区的夏、冬季, 模式计算的大气顶向上辐射通量与实际相比差值达10—22 W/m2, 相对误差可达3.67%—8.94%;（4）模式与实际辐射加热率的差值在0.03—0.29 K/d。研究表明, 模式自带的大气温湿廓线区域和季节划分并不够细致, 不足以代表中国东部地区各个区域及季节的温湿特点。建立一套中国东部地区的大气标准廓线可以为辐射模拟提供更准确的输入量。 相似文献