首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
利用2011年和2013年青海格尔木地区机载DMT仪器观测的气溶胶资料,对气溶胶粒子数浓度及气溶胶数谱分布特征进行分析。结果表明,格尔木低层主要为局地气溶胶,高层为输入型气溶胶;气溶胶数浓度随高度升高呈减小趋势,且各高度层气溶胶数浓度均小于500 cm~(-3);气溶胶粒子有效粒径随高度升高先增大后减小,3500～5000 m气溶胶有效粒径最大;气溶胶数谱呈多峰分布。对格尔木第1模态(0.1～0.2μm)、第2模态(0.2～1μm)和第3模态(1～3μm)的气溶胶数谱进行对数正态拟合,发现气溶胶数谱谱宽第2模态第1模态第3模态,其与北京、天津拟合的谱宽分布特征存在差异;对比格尔木与北京和天津地区相同模态的气溶胶数谱发现,气溶胶第1模态数谱谱宽天津最宽、北京最窄,第2模态格尔木最宽、北京最窄,气溶胶粒子平均粒径在第1模态和第2模态北京均最大,格尔木均最小。  相似文献   

2.
使用差分淌度粒径分析仪(TDMPS)和空气动力学粒径分析仪(APS)对上甸子区域本底站气溶胶(直径3nm~10μm)数谱分布特征进行观测。利用2008年的观测结果,分析了不同天气(包括沙尘天气、干洁天气和雾霾天气)条件下大气气溶胶数谱分布及其与气象要素和气团来源的关系。结果表明,沙尘天气条件下,上甸子站受西北方向的气团控制,风速较大,粗粒子数浓度明显增加,PM10的质量浓度可以迅速增加到毫克每立方米(mg·m-3)的量级。典型的"香蕉型"新粒子生成事件通常发生在比较干洁晴朗的天气条件下,西北气团主导,大气中背景气溶胶数浓度较低,核模态气溶胶数浓度迅速增长,气溶胶的粒径呈现明显的增长过程,核模态可以平稳地增长到约80nm,达到成为云凝结核的尺度。雾霾天气通常是在西南气团影响下,细颗粒物(1μm以下)不断累积、相对湿度不断升高的条件下发生的。雾霾天气条件下数谱分布的几何中值粒径出现在积聚模态,积聚模态数浓度也高于非雾霾天。个例研究表明,雾霾天气条件下,PM2.5质量浓度可以达到非雾霾天的10倍左右,其中以细颗粒物的贡献为主。在雾霾天气条件下,上甸子站数浓度较高的积聚模态颗粒物主要来自城区的传输,因此对背景地区气溶胶数谱的研究可以为解析城区气溶胶复杂来源提供依据。  相似文献   

3.
采用电迁移率粒径谱仪SMPS 3936对颗粒物数浓度及其谱分布进行了实时监测,对2013年兰州市国际马拉松赛交通管制期间细颗粒物浓度及其谱分布特征开展研究,并通过多元对数正态分布拟合和主成分分析方法分别对数浓度谱特征及其影响因素进行了分析,以阐明2013年兰州国际马拉松赛期间交通管制对细颗粒物浓度及其谱特征的影响。气象条件相似的交通限行期间,交通限行日50~100 nm,100~200 nm和200~500 nm粒径段颗粒物数浓度均较正常周六有所降低,特别是50~200nm粒径段颗粒物表现最为显著,在此期间,交通限行日50~100 nm和100~200 nm粒径段平均颗粒物数浓度分别为2567.5±807.4 cm-3和1567.8±193.8 cm-3,分别较正常周六相应时段低60.2%和67.2%。交通限行对颗粒物数浓度的影响主要集中在107 nm为峰值粒径的积聚模态附近,而气象条件对10~300 nm粒径段颗粒物数浓度均有较显著的影响,最大影响在80 nm附近。  相似文献   

4.
根据2008年4—7月黄山大气气溶胶观测资料,研究了气溶胶粒子的数浓度、谱分布特征及其与气象因子的关系,探讨了雾天和非雾天气溶胶颗粒物时间和尺度分布特点。分析发现,黄山光明顶春、夏季大气气溶胶数浓度的平均值分别为3.14×103个/cm3和1.80×103个/cm3,其中超细粒子(粒径小于0.1μm的粒子)在春夏季分别约占总粒子数浓度的79%和68%;高数浓度值集中在粒径0.04～0.12μm;积聚模态气溶胶粒子(0.1～1.0μm)在体积浓度分布和表面积分布中占很大比例。结合气象资料比较了雾天与非雾天气溶胶分布的差异,发现细粒子浓度非雾天大于雾天,而气溶胶数浓度与温度呈正相关,与相对湿度成反相关。结果还发现,黄山在春季以西北风和偏南风为主,西北风时气溶胶数浓度较高,在夏季主要以偏南风,特别是西南风为主,但是气溶胶数浓度的高值多发生在偏东风的条件下。  相似文献   

5.
感应电机矢量控制系统的仿真研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
根据2008年4—7月黄山大气气溶胶观测资料,研究了气溶胶粒子的数浓度、谱分布特征及其与气象因子的关系,探讨了雾天和非雾天气溶胶颗粒物时间和尺度分布特点。分析发现,黄山光明顶春、夏季大气气溶胶数浓度的平均值分别为3.14×103个/cm3和1.80×103个/cm3,其中超细粒子（粒径小于0.1μm的粒子）在春夏季分别约占总粒子数浓度的79%和68%;高数浓度值集中在粒径0.04～0.12μm;积聚模态气溶胶粒子（0.1～1.0μm）在体积浓度分布和表面积分布中占很大比例。结合气象资料比较了雾天与非雾天气溶胶分布的差异,发现细粒子浓度非雾天大于雾天,而气溶胶数浓度与温度呈正相关,与相对湿度成反相关。结果还发现,黄山在春季以西北风和偏南风为主,西北风时气溶胶数浓度较高,在夏季主要以偏南风,特别是西南风为主,但是气溶胶数浓度的高值多发生在偏东风的条件下。  相似文献   

6.
丁净  姚青  郝囝  刘敬乐  蔡子颖  韩素芹 《气象》2023,(1):99-109
大气颗粒物粒径谱分布不仅受到温度、湿度和风等气象因素影响,也与湍流等边界层特征密切相关。基于2018年11月同步观测的14.6~660.0 nm颗粒物粒径谱和相关气象数据,探讨不同气象因子,特别是湍流对颗粒物粒径谱分布的影响。研究结果表明:气温升高有利于促进核模态颗粒物总数浓度的增加,相对湿度升高可减少核模态和爱根模态颗粒物的总数浓度,同时增加积聚模态的颗粒物总数浓度。风速、湍流动能、摩擦速度、湍流强度等增加,对爱根模态和积聚模态的颗粒物起稀释、清除作用,但可促进核模态颗粒物总数浓度的增长。与湍流日变化相反,爱根模态和积聚模态的颗粒物总总数浓度的日变化呈现昼低夜高的变化趋势,清洁日核模态颗粒物总数浓度在午后持续增加,并在傍晚前达到峰值。核模态颗粒物总数浓度的增加相对于湍流的发展存在时间上的滞后性,当湍流发展3~5 h后,核模态颗粒物总数浓度开始明显增加。  相似文献   

7.
为加深对南京地区重霾天气过程纳米尺度气溶胶物理特征的了解,对2017年12月21—25日的一次重霾天气过程进行了综合探测,利用宽范围粒径谱仪观测了此次过程中10～1 000 nm颗粒物数浓度,并结合能见度等气象要素,对重霾期间纳米气溶胶谱分布进行了分析。结果表明:此次霾重污染过程出现在低温、高湿、气压上升期间;与非重污染时期相比,重污染期间N_(10-20)与N_(20-100)降低,N_(100-1000)升高;重污染期间气溶胶粒子平均数浓度为17 035个/cm~3,低于非重污染期间粒子数浓度,N_(100-1000)占总数浓度的55.05%;重霾发生期间纳米气溶胶数浓度谱为单峰结构,峰值在100 nm附近,随着污染加重,纳米气溶胶峰值粒径向大粒径偏移,粒子向大粒径段集中;不同温度对不同粒径粒子数浓度的影响不同,20～100 nm粒径段气溶胶与数浓度与温度呈反相关性,100～500 nm粒子数浓度与温度呈正相关性.  相似文献   

8.
南京霾天颗粒物数浓度特征及其受气象条件影响分析   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  
2013年12月,我国中东部地区爆发持续性霾污染过程。本研究利用空气动力学粒径谱仪和气溶胶粒径谱仪在线观测这次霾污染过程中13.6~20 000 nm颗粒物数浓度,结合气象参数和颗粒物化学组分对南京霾天颗粒物数浓度分布特征,及其与气象条件相关性进行分析。结果表明,霾天颗粒物主要分布在积聚模态,且500~1 000 nm和1 000~2 500 nm粒径段颗粒物数浓度的增多是造成霾天能见度低的主要原因;随着相对湿度的增大,13.6~100 nm粒径段颗粒物数浓度逐渐降低,而大于100 nm颗粒物数浓度升高;500~1 000 nm和1 000~2 500 nm粒径段颗粒物数浓度受相对湿度的影响尤为明显,并且这2个粒径段颗粒物受气态污染物(SO2,NOX)的二次转化影响较大。霾污染期间南京大气颗粒物主要来自南京东南和西北方向的污染源排放,颗粒物数浓度总体上与风速呈负相关关系;温度对颗粒物数浓度的影响主要集中在13.6~100 nm粒径段;边界层的高度与粒径100 nm颗粒物呈负相关性,边界层的抬升反而利于超细粒子的生成和增长;逆温层的强度对超细粒子的作用更为明显。  相似文献   

9.
利用中国气象局秦岭气溶胶与云微物理野外科学试验基地扫描电迁移率粒径谱仪(SMPS, scanning mobility particle sizer, Model 3034)观测的2017年11月1—30日颗粒物粒径谱数据,给出西安9次新颗粒物生成(new particle formation, NPF)事件的统计特征,并结合3次PM_(2.5)污染过程,讨论NPF事件与西安PM_(2.5)污染的可能关系。结果表明:(1)NPF事件一般发生在中午到下午,新颗粒物生成后峰值粒径增长速率平均值为5.1±1.8 nm·h~(-1),凝结核模态颗粒物数浓度的最大净增长量(net maximum increase in nucleation mode particles number concentration, NMINP)平均值为0.63×10~4 cm~(-3),NPF事件不仅增加了大气中凝结核模态颗粒物数浓度,还增加了爱根核模态和积聚模态颗粒物数浓度;NPF事件有67%存在粒径的持续增长,其中3次事件峰值粒径增长最为显著,最大值增长至175 nm附近。(2)NPF事件发生后,大气中PM_(2.5)质量浓度随颗粒物峰值粒径增大呈增高趋势。(3)3次NPF事件到PM_(2.5)污染过程中PM_(2.5)质量浓度与峰值粒径、积聚模态颗粒物数浓度和凝结汇均呈现指数正相关关系,当峰值粒径为100～120 nm时,PM_(2.5)质量浓度高于75μg·m~(-3),积聚模态颗粒物数浓度持续高于其他两个模态颗粒物数浓度,出现PM_(2.5)污染。  相似文献   

10.
南京北郊冬季大气气溶胶及其湿清除特征研究   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  
利用WPS(宽范围颗粒粒径谱仪)、雨滴潜仪和雾滴谱仪测量了2007～2008年冬季南京北郊大气气溶胶数浓度谱分布和降水强度,分析了气溶胶粒子的分布特征以及气溶胶粒径与湿清除系数的关系.结果表明:气溶胶粒子具有明显的双峰型R变化特征,数浓度主要集中在0.02～O.2μm粒径范围内,受汽车尾气排放、混合层高度变化以及颗粒物水平输送的影响较大.降雨、降雪和雾过程都对气溶胶粒子有不同程度的清除,降雨和浓雾对核模态和粗模态的气溶胶粒子的清除能力显著,降雪对粒径小于0.03μm的气溶胶粒子的清除能力较强.  相似文献   

11.
The aerosol number spectrum and gas pollutants were measured and the new particle formation （NPF） events were discussed in Nanjing. The results showed that the size distributions of aerosol number concen- trations exhibited distinct seasonal variations, implying the relations of particle sizes and their sources and sinks. The number concentrations of particles in the nuclei mode （10-30 nm）, Aitken mode （30-100 nm）, accumulation mode （100 -1000 nm） and coarse mode （〉1μm） varied in the order of summer 〉 spring 〉 autumn, summer 〉 autumn 〉 spring, autumn 〉 summer 〉 spring, and spring 〉 autumn 〉summer, re- spectively. The diurnal variation of total aerosol number concentrations showed three peaks in all observed periods, which corresponded to two rush hours and the photochemistry period at noon. In general, the NPF in summer occurred under the conditions of east winds and dominant air masses originating from marine areas with high relative humidity （50%-70%） and strong solar radiations （400 -700 W m-2）. In spring, the NPF were generally accompanied by low relative humidity （14%-30%） and strong solar radiations （400-600 W m-2）. The new particle growth rates （GR） were higher in the summertime in the range of 10- 16 nm h-1. In spring, the GR were 6.8-8.3 nm h-1. Under polluted air conditions, NPF events were seldom captured in autumn in Nanjing. During NPF periods, positive correlations between 10- 30 nm particles and 03 were detected, particularly in spring, indicating that NPF can be attributed to photochemical reactions.  相似文献   

12.
During the 1st Lagrangian experiment of the North Atlantic Regional Aerosol Characterisation Experiment (ACE‐2), a parcel of air was tagged by releasing a smart, constant level balloon into it from the Research Vessel Vodyanitskiy . The Meteorological Research Flight's C‐130 aircraft then followed this parcel over a period of 30 h characterising the marine boundary layer (MBL), the cloud and the physical and chemical aerosol evolution. The air mass had originated over the northern North Atlantic and thus was clean and had low aerosol concentrations. At the beginning of the experiment the MBL was over 1500 m deep and made up of a surface mixed layer (SML) underlying a layer containing cloud beneath a subsidence inversion. Subsidence in the free troposphere caused the depth of the MBL to almost halve during the experiment and, after 26 h, the MBL became well mixed throughout its whole depth. Salt particle mass in the MBL increased as the surface wind speed increased from 8 m s−1 to 16 m s−1 and the accumulation mode (0.1μm to 3.0 μm) aerosol concentrations quadrupled from 50 cm−3 to 200 cm−3. However, at the same time the total condensation nuclei (>3 nm) decreased from over 1000 cm−3 to 750 cm−3. The changes in the accumulation mode aerosol concentrations had a significant effect on the observed cloud microphysics. Observational evidence suggests that the important processes in controlling the Aitken mode concentration which, dominated the total CN concentration, included, scavenging of interstitial aerosol by cloud droplets, enhanced coagulation of Aitken mode aerosol and accumulation mode aerosol due to the increased sea salt aerosol surface area, and dilution of the MBL by free tropospheric air.  相似文献   

13.
Particle number size distribution(PNSD) between 10 nm and 20 μm were measured in the Pearl River Delta(PRD) region in winter 2011.The average particle number concentration of the nucleation mode(10-20 nm),Aitken mode(20-100 nm),accumulation mode(100 nm-1μm) and coarse mode(1-20 μm) particles were 1 552,7 470,4 012,and 19 cm-3,respectively.The volume concentration of accumulation mode particles with peak at 300 nm accounted for over 70% of the total volume concentration.Diurnal variations and dependencies on meteorological parameters of PNSD were investigated.The diurnal variation of nucleation mode particles was mainly influenced by new particle formation events,while the diurnal variation of Aitken mode particles correlated to the traffic emission and the growth process of nucleation mode particles.When the PRD region was controlled by a cold high pressure,conditions of low relative humidity,high wind speed and strong radiation are favorable for the occurrence of new particle formation(NPF) events.The frequency of occurrence of NPF events was 21.3% during the whole measurement period.Parameters describing NPF events,including growth rate(GR) and source rate of condensable vapor(Q),were slightly larger than those in previous literature.This suggests that intense photochemical and biological activities may be the source of condensable vapor for particle growth,even during winter in the PRD.  相似文献   

14.
The effect of clouds on aerosol growth in the rural atmosphere   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Measurements of accumulation mode aerosol in the atmospheric boundary layer under cloudy and cloud-free conditions, and in the lower free troposphere under cloud-free conditions, were conducted over the rural northwest of England. Normalised size distributions in the cloud-free boundary layer (CFBL) and the cloud-free free troposphere (CFFT) exhibited almost identical spectral similarities with both size distributions possessing a concentration peak mode-radius of ≈0.05 μm or less. By comparison, aerosol distributions observed in cloudy air exhibited a distinctive log-normal distribution with mode-radii occurring at ≈0.1 μm concomitant with a local minimum at ≈0.05 μm. The consistent and noticeable difference in spectral features observed between cloudy and cloud-free conditions suggest that a greater amount of gas-to-particle conversion occurs on cloudy days, presumably through in-cloud aqueous phase oxidation processes, leading to larger sized accumulation mode particles. Apart from the distinct difference between cloudy and cloud-free aerosol spectra on cloudy days, aerosol concentration and mass were observed to be significantly enhanced above that of the ambient background in the vicinity of clouds. Volatility analysis during one case of cloud processing indicated an increase in the relative contribution of aerosol mass volatile at temperatures characteristic of sulphuric acid, along with a smaller fraction of more volatile material (possibly nitric acid and/or organic aerosol). Growth-law analysis of possible growth mechanisms point to aqueous phase oxidation of aerosol precursors in cloud droplets as being the only feasible mechanism capable of producing the observed growth. The effect of cloud processing is to alter the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) supersaturation spectrum in a manner which increases the availability of CCN at lower cloud supersaturations.  相似文献   

15.
The Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer (Q-AMS) was coupled with a counterflow virtual impactor (CVI) for the first time to measure cloud droplet residuals of warm tropospheric clouds on Mt. Åreskutan in central Sweden in July 2003. Operating the CVI in different operational modes generated mass concentration and species-resolved mass distribution data for non-refractory species of the ambient, interstitial, and residual aerosol. The ambient aerosol measurements revealed that the aerosol at the site was mainly influenced by long-range transport and regional photochemical generation of nitrate and organic aerosol components. Four different major air masses were identified for the time interval of the experiment. While two air masses that approached the site from northeastern Europe via Finland showed very similar aerosol composition, the other two air masses from polar regions and the British Islands had a significantly different composition. During cloud events the larger aerosol particles were found to be activated into cloud droplets. On a mass basis the activation cut-off diameter was approximately 150 nm for nitrate and organics dominated particles and 200 nm for sulfate dominated particles. Generally nitrate and organics were found to be activated into cloud droplets with higher efficiency than sulfate. While a significant fraction of the nitrate in ambient particles was organic nitrates or nitrogen-containing organic species, the nitrate found in the cloud droplet residuals was mainly ammonium nitrate. After passage of clouds the ambient aerosol size distribution had shifted to smaller particle sizes due to the predominantly activation of larger aerosol particles without a significant change in the relative composition of the ambient aerosol.  相似文献   

16.
The hygroscopic growth factor (HGF) of 85 nm and 20 nm marine aerosol particles was measured during January 2006 for a three-week period within the frame of the EU FP6 project MAP (Marine Aerosol Production) winter campaign at the coastal site of Mace Head, using the TDMA technique. The results are compared to aerosol particles produced in a simulation tank by bubbling air through sea water sampled near the station, and through synthetic sea water (inorganic salts). This simulation is assimilated to primary production. Aitken and mode particles (20 nm) and accumulation mode particles (85 nm) both show HGF of 1.92 and 2.01 for particles generated through bubbling in natural and artificial sea water respectively. In the Aitken mode, the marine particles sampled in the atmosphere shows a monomodal HGF slightly lower than the one measured for sea salt particles artificially produced by bubble bursting in natural sea water (HGF = 1.83). This is also the case for the more hygroscopic mode of accumulation mode particles. In addition, the HGF of 85 nm particles observed in the atmosphere during clean marine sectors exhibits half of its population with a 1.4 HGF. An external mixture of the accumulation mode marine particles indicates a secondary source of this size of particles, a partial processing during transport, or an inhomogeneity of the sea water composition. A gentle 90 °C thermo-desorption results in a significant decrease of the number fraction of moderately hygroscopic (HGF = 1.4) particles in the accumulation mode to the benefit of the seasalt mode, pointing to the presence of semi-volatile compounds with pronounced hydrophobic properties. The thermo-desorption has no effect on the HGF of bubble generated aerosols, neither for synthetic or natural sea water, nor on the atmospheric Aitken mode, indicating that these hydrophobic compounds are secondarily integrated in the particulate phase. No difference between night and day samples is observed on the natural marine aerosols regarding hygroscopicity, but a more pronounced sensitivity to volatilization of the 1.4 HGF mode in the accumulation mode is observed during the day.  相似文献   

17.
《Atmospheric Research》2008,87(3-4):225-240
During June and July 2003 the Sources and Origins of Atmospheric Cloud Droplets experiment (SOACED) was carried out on a mountain-top site in central Sweden. The main objective of the experiment was to characterise the microphysical and chemical properties of cloud droplet residuals and interstitial aerosol particles in continental clouds and to understand the processes controlling cloud properties at this location.Interstitial and residual aerosol size distributions, cloud liquid water content and species- and size-resolved aerosol mass concentrations are the main variables employed to address questions pertaining to the cloud droplet number concentration and scavenging efficiency during a stratocumulus cloud event observed on July 28, 2003. In this cloud event, about 56% of the aerosol mass was associated with organic species, whilst SO4 accounted for 23% and NH4 for 14%. NO3 and Cl made up about 7% of the total mass.The partitioning of the aerosol particles between cloud droplets and interstitial air has been studied in terms of their microphysical properties. The scavenging efficiency, defined as the fraction of particles activated into cloud elements compared to the total amount of particles, was investigated as a function of size. The scavenging efficiency curves displayed different shapes during the cloud event, from an S-shaped curve, with low scavenging efficiency in the Aitken mode and larger scavenging efficiency in the accumulation mode, to more unusual shapes where Aitken-mode particles were either solely activated or activated in addition to accumulation-mode particles.This study suggests that alterations of the aerosol chemical composition occurred during the measurement period, changing the hygroscopic nature of the CCN and decreasing their activation diameter. It is also hypothesized that entrainment of drier air aloft may have introduced inhomogeneities in the supersaturation field and modified the S-shaped scavenging curves.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号