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农业气候区划细化在农业产业结构调整中的作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
农业产业结构调整，是国家发展农业经济，提高农民收入，实现农村稳定的重大战略决策。而农业产业结构调整的是科学技术，气象科技则是这场农业革命的排头兵。它为农业产业结构调整中相关项目的气候适应性论证提供第一手资料。气象部门进行气候区划细化，就是将农业气候区划成果转变为生产力，为农业产业结构调整作出贡献的具体工作。 相似文献
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中国农业气象服务典型案例总结 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
马玉平 《中国气象科学研究院年报》2008,(1):44-47
随着农业产业结构与种植结构的调整以及气候变化和极端气候事件的增多,农业生产中出现了不少新的农业气象问题,因此,中国气象局批准实施了“中国农业气象服务典型案例总结”业务建设项目,旨在系统收集20世纪90年代以来中国各地农业气象服务的典型案例,总结农业气象服务的经验和不足,探求可拓展的农业气象服务新领域, 相似文献
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1998年大同市农业大丰收的气象条件分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
１９９８年大同市农业获得大丰收,全市粮食总产量达到７５万吨左右,比去年增产４２６％,是历史上仅次于１９９６年的第二个丰收年。分析农业大丰收的气象条件对发展农业生产具有重要意义。１１９９８年气候特点１．１降水量前期多,后期少１９９８年我市的气候极其异... 相似文献
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为了给地方各级党委政府因地制宜开展农业产业结构提供气候依据，根据近几年来天门市农业产业结构调整的实践，提出了开发项目引进必须以农业气候论证为依据、新品种引进必须以农业气候诊断为前提、农业产业结构调整必须以农业气候区划为基础的观点。 相似文献
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大同市玉米需水关键期干旱指标分析确定韩虹（大同市气象局０３７００４）０引言玉米是大同市秋粮中播种面积大和产量高的作物，随着农业生产水平的不断提高，玉米单产应该是逐年增加的。但是从近几年来看，玉米产量起伏很大，１９９２年全市平均亩产３８４Ｋｇ，１９９３... 相似文献
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Predicting climate change effects on agriculture from ecological niche modeling: who profits, who loses? 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jan Beck 《Climatic change》2013,116(2):177-189
The susceptibility of agriculture to changing environmental conditions is arguably the most dangerous short-term consequence of climate change, and predictions on the geography of changes will be useful for implementing mitigation strategies. Ecological niche modeling (ENM) is a technique used to relate presence records of species to environmental variables. By extrapolation, ENM maps the suitability of a landscape for the species in question. Recently, ENM was successfully applied to predict the geographic distribution of agriculture. Using climate and soil conditions as predictor variables, agricultural suitability was mapped across the Old World. Here, I present analogous ENM-based maps of the suitability for agriculture under climate change scenarios for the year 2050. Deviations of predicted scenarios from a current conditions model were analyzed by (1) comparing relative average change across regions, and (2) by relating country-wide changes to the data indicative of the wealth of nations. The findings indicate that different regions vary considerably in whether they win or lose in agricultural suitability, even if average change across the entire study region is small. A positive relationship between the wealth of nations and change in agriculture conditions was found, but variability around this trend was high. Parts of Africa, Europe and southern and eastern Asia were predicted to be particularly negatively affected, while north-eastern Europe, among other regions, can expect more favorable conditions for agriculture. The results are presented as an independent “second opinion” to previously published, more complex forecasts on agricultural productivity and food supply variability due to climatic change, which were based on fitting environmental variables to yield statistics. 相似文献
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Agricultural production and household food security are hypothesized to play a critical role connecting climate change to downstream effects on women’s health, especially in communities dependent on rainfed agriculture. Seasonal variability in agriculture strains food and income resources and makes it a challenging time for households to manage a pregnancy or afford a new child. Yet, there are few direct assessments of the role locally varying agricultural quality plays on women’s health, especially reproductive health. In this paper we build on and integrate ideas from past studies focused on climate change and growing season quality in low-income countries with those on reproductive health to examine how variation in local seasonal agricultural quality relates to childbearing goals and family planning use in three countries in sub-Saharan Africa: Burkina Faso, Kenya, and Uganda. We use rich, spatially referenced data from the Performance Monitoring for Action (PMA) individual surveys with detailed information on childbearing preferences and family planning decisions. Building on recent advances in remote monitoring of seasonal agriculture, we construct multiple vegetation measures capturing different dimensions of growing season conditions across varying time frames. Results for the Kenya sample indicate that if the recent growing season is better a woman is more likely to want a child in the future. In Uganda, when the growing season conditions are better, women prefer to shorten the time until their next birth and are also more likely to discontinue using family planning. Additional analyses reveal the importance of education and birth spacing in moderating these findings. Overall, our findings suggest that, in some settings, women strategically respond to growing season conditions by adjusting fertility aspirations or family planning use. This study also highlights the importance of operationalizing agriculture in nuanced ways that align with women’s lives to better understand how women are impacted by and respond to seasonal climate conditions. 相似文献
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This paper evaluates the role of trade as a mechanism of economic adjustment to the impacts of climate change on agriculture.
The study uses a model of the world economy able to reflect changes in comparative advantage; the model is used to test the
hypotheses that trade can assure that, first, satisfying global agricultural demand will not be jeopardized, and, second,
general access to food will not decrease. The hypotheses are tested for three alternative scenarios of climate change; under
each scenario, regions adjust to the climatic assumptions by changing the land areas devoted to agriculture and the mix of
agricultural goods produced, two of the major mechanisms of agricultural adaptation. We find that trade makes it possible
to satisfy the world demand for agricultural goods under the changed physical conditions. However, access to food decreases
in some regions of the world. Other patterns also emerge that indicate areas of concern in relying on trade as a mechanism
for the adjustment of agriculture to likely future changes in climate. 相似文献
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Is irrigated agriculture in the Murray Darling Basin well prepared to deal with reductions in water availability? 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Yongping WeiJohn Langford Ian R. WillettSnow Barlow Clive Lyle 《Global Environmental Change》2011,21(3):906-916
The “Big Dry”, a prolonged dry period in Australia from 1997 to 2009, dried out much of the Murray-Darling Basin (MDB) and resulted in large agricultural losses and degraded river ecosystems. Climate projections are that dry conditions in the MDB are likely to be more regular and severe than ever before, and recent policy initiatives are likely to reduce consumptive water use and redirect water to ecosystem management. This paper aims to develop an understanding of the interactions between water policy and irrigation practices by deriving lessons from drought management in irrigated agriculture of the MDB during the Big Dry, and furthermore, to draw out lessons to enhance the preparedness of irrigated agriculture for a future drier climate and reduced water availability. Reviews of irrigation farmers’ practices, attitudes and capacity to manage during prolonged droughts in the MDB, and the evolution of agricultural water policy in Australia since 1990 were made. It is clear that farmers could be better prepared to deal with a drier climate if their water management practices, e.g. irrigation methods and soil moisture measuring tools are improved, if the impediments to the uncertainty of water allocation and low water availability could be overcome, and if well-targeted research and extension could assist farmers to use water more wisely. It is also clear that Australian water policy could be better prepared in terms of assisting irrigated agriculture to deal with a drier climate. Key areas are reduction of barriers and distortions to water trading, optimizing the environmental water allocation, and seeking mutual benefits between environmental water allocation and irrigated agriculture, improvement of the cost-effectiveness of investments in water supply infrastructure, facilitating carryover and capacity sharing at larger scales, and provision of accurate, accessible and useful water information at different scales. An approach to irrigation practice and water policy is proposed based on past experience and potential opportunities. The approach is a set of linked strategies for more robust agricultural production and a more sustainable environment under a drier climate and reduced water availability. 相似文献
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根据芒果生产与气象条件的关系 ,分析确定了百色地区芒果种植的农业气候区划指标 ,进行了区划指标的小网格点推算 ;采用 GIS技术对百色地区芒果种植区进行农业气候区划 ,划分适宜、次适宜和不适宜种植区 ,提出趋利避害合理发展芒果生产的措施和建议 ,为农业结构调整及芒果的合理布局提供科学依据 相似文献
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广西农业干旱动态评估模型 总被引：27，自引：0，他引：27
以自然条件下大气-作物-土壤系统的水量平衡方程为基础，结合广西干旱灾害特点，建立广西农业干旱评估模型。与广西历史农业旱情实况对比分析表明，该模型能够较客观、定量地对农业干旱的发生、发展过程进行逐日动态监测和灾中、灾后评估。 相似文献
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Cynthia Rosenzweig Kenneth M. Strzepek David C. Major Ana Iglesias David N. Yates Alyssa McCluskey Daniel Hillel 《Global Environmental Change》2004,14(4):823
This integrated study examines the implications of changes in crop water demand and water availability for the reliability of irrigation, taking into account changes in competing municipal and industrial demands, and explores the effectiveness of adaptation options in maintaining reliability. It reports on methods of linking climate change scenarios with hydrologic, agricultural, and planning models to study water availability for agriculture under changing climate conditions, to estimate changes in ecosystem services, and to evaluate adaptation strategies for the water resources and agriculture sectors. The models are applied to major agricultural regions in Argentina, Brazil, China, Hungary, Romania, and the US, using projections of climate change, agricultural production, population, technology, and GDP growth.For most of the relatively water-rich areas studied, there appears to be sufficient water for agriculture given the climate change scenarios tested. Northeastern China suffers from the greatest lack of water availability for agriculture and ecosystem services both in the present and in the climate change projections. Projected runoff in the Danube Basin does not change substantially, although climate change causes shifts in environmental stresses within the region. Northern Argentina's occasional problems in water supply for agriculture under the current climate may be exacerbated and may require investments to relieve future tributary stress. In Southeastern Brazil, future water supply for agriculture appears to be plentiful. Water supply in most of the US Cornbelt is projected to increase in most climate change scenarios, but there is concern for tractability in the spring and water-logging in the summer.Adaptation tests imply that only the Brazil case study area can readily accommodate an expansion of irrigated land under climate change, while the other three areas would suffer decreases in system reliability if irrigation areas were to be expanded. Cultivars are available for agricultural adaptation to the projected changes, but their demand for water may be higher than currently adapted varieties. Thus, even in these relatively water-rich areas, changes in water demand due to climate change effects on agriculture and increased demand from urban growth will require timely improvements in crop cultivars, irrigation and drainage technology, and water management. 相似文献