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1.
利用太原c波段多普勒天气雷达资料,结合NCEP数据资料,对2008年6月28日发生在山西的一次大范围飑线过程进行了综合分析后发现:该飑线产生于对流层中高层槽后干冷空气向南扩散,低层辐合,大气层结极不稳定,垂直风切变强的大背景下,在其影响的区域产生的主要灾害天气现象为大风、冰雹和暴雨。飑线呈现出典型的弓形回波特征,后部人流急流(rear inflow jet)和后部人流缺口(RIN),前部的阵风锋等典型特征。弓形回波两端存在中尺度流型,即北端的气旋式旋转和南端的反气旋式旋转。北端的气旋式旋转在演变过程中不断加强而变成一个旋转的逗点头,而南端的反气旋式旋转在演变过程中基本保持不变,弓形回波的形状也从开始时的南北对称结构逐渐转变为南北不对称的结构。另外,弓形回波前沿中低层存在弱回波区,中高层存在回波悬垂,强回波区延伸到0℃等温线之上,表明雷暴内上升气流很强,有利于冰雹和强降水形成。  相似文献   

2.
利用常规观测、地面自动站加密观测资料、NCEP(0.25°×0.25°)再分析资料以及多普勒雷达资料等,对2016年9月24日发生在内蒙古东南部一次致灾飑线天气过程进行分析。结果表明:(1)中高层干冷空气扩散东南下与低层西南急流的辐合急剧加强为强飑线提供了非常有利的大尺度环流背景;(2)对流有效位能(CAPE)在强对流爆发前有明显跃升;假相当位温(θse)中低层分布呈显著的倒漏斗状,而且随高度增高递减率明显增大,这种上干下湿的层结有利于雷暴大风和冰雹等强对流天气产生;(3)地面中尺度露点锋(干线)和中尺度辐合线长时间维持、耦合并加强成为这次强对流天气的直接触发和维持机制;飑线后部一直维持雷暴高压,表明有地面大风存在;(4)雷达回波伴有弓形回波特征,低层呈现有界弱回波区(BWER),中高层有明显的回波悬垂,50~55 dBz强回波区延伸到7.5 km,表明对流风暴内有强烈的上升气流,有利于短时强降水和大冰雹的形成;(5)弓形回波径向速度剖面图上存在中层径向辐合(MARC)。  相似文献   

3.
秦皇岛一次飑线冰雹天气分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用常规探测资料、自动站观测资料、多普勒天气雷达资料等对2014年6月26日发生在秦皇岛市的一次飑线冰雹天气过程大尺度环流背景、雷达回波特征及灾害性冰雹大风形成原因进行了分析。结果表明:本次飑线过程是受高空冷涡后部冷空气、低层暖切变共同作用的结果;飑线过境前后,气象要素变化比较明显,风向突变、风力猛增、气压涌升、气温急降、相对湿度上升;本次强风暴影响系统尺度为中α尺度,"弓"形回波结构明显,同时有雷暴出流边界;速度图上的风速大值区、后侧入流、中低层径向辐合及垂直风廓线图中低层风的转变信息等对大风的预警有明显的预示作用,且从雷达四维变分分析可知850 h Pa辐合上升运动较强,中层有干冷空气入侵;回波垂直剖面图上飑线前沿低层存在有界弱回波区,中高层有回波悬垂。  相似文献   

4.
根据大尺度背景场的差异,将影响浙江省的七次飑线过程分为两种类型:冷涡类西北气流型和槽前西南急流型。通过环境场和雷达结构特征提炼异同点,结果表明:飑线系统发生在高空槽配合地面低压发展的有利环境场,对流层中高层相对干冷的平流叠加在低层暖湿气流之上,在对流发展区建立显著的条件不稳定层结。西北气流型由东亚大槽后干冷平流的强迫作用及925 hPa至地面辐合线触发产生,生命史长、强度强是主要特点;西南急流型飑线多发生在江淮低压冷锋南下型的地面形势场,西北东南移向的飑线主要由锋前低压系统内的冷暖交汇加上锋面抬升触发,而西南东北移向的飑线由西南急流强迫产生,低层西南急流脉动或风速辐合、地面辐合线等为触发抬升条件。T850-500大于27 ℃,可以较好表征雷暴大风天气的环境场,Bli、BCAPE等指示意义显著,而K指数和Si指数对西北气流型飑线无指示意义。强的环境风垂直切变有利于飑线回波的组织化及回波垂直结构的倾斜;径向速度场的大风速区和MARC特征是飑线的共同特征,大风速区能直观地判断大风的位置和强度;阵风锋易出现在自北向南的强对流系统中,和阵风锋相交的回波强度强,持续久,易产生冰雹;冰雹回波在径向速度图上通常存在强的切变辐合或中气旋等共同特征。   相似文献   

5.
利用常规高空和地面探测、观测资料,地面加密自动站分钟数据资料以及榕江站、贵阳站C波段多普勒天气雷达探测资料,分析了2020年3月23日贵州强对流天气的环流形势,并重点分析了榕江飑线大风及长顺大冰雹雷达回波特征。结果表明:(1)此次飑线大风与大冰雹发生在南支槽前暖区,地面热低压发展推动辐合线移动、低层西南暖湿气流、中层干冷空气、合适的0℃和-20℃高度均为此次飑线大风及大冰雹的产生提供了有利的环境条件。(2)雷达回波大冰雹特征突出:强回波悬垂,有界弱回波区,弓形回波,中心强度强(60 dBz以上)且50 dBz强回波伸展超过-20℃高度达到9 km以上,垂直积分液态水含量最高达到了70 kg/m~2,连续超过两个体扫VIL≥60 kg/m~2,回波顶高连续超过两个体扫在15 km以上。(3)飑线雷达回波大风特征明显:弓形回波形态特征明显且移动较快,移速约40 km/h,低层径向速度大,中层径向辐合大风区下传,速度零线通过观测站后大风加速。(4)短临预警业务中,对飑线大风天气,应重点关注低仰角速度大值区、中层径向辐合和弓形带状回波生成后移动发展对下游地区的影响;对大冰雹天气,应重点关注大于50 dBz强回波垂直扩展的高度、VIL和ET高值区的维持等。  相似文献   

6.
基于加密探测资料解析2009年6月3日商丘强飑线形成机制   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
利用郑州、商丘新一代天气雷达资料、河南省逐分钟自动站等加密探测资料,对2009年6月3日发生在商丘地区的强飑线形成机制进行了分析。结果表明:低涡后部横槽携带冷空气沿西北气流下滑与低层暖湿空气在商丘汇聚,在低层辐合线、干线触发下,位于辐合中心的商丘爆发强飑线;初始对流回波沿边界辐合线发展加强并形成超级单体强风暴;在开封与商丘之间的露点锋(干线)作用下,发展起来的晴空边界辐合线触发新生对流并发展加强,与超级单体强风暴汇合成强飑线迅速东南移影响商丘地区;雷暴大风前商丘大片超折射回波预示该处有干暖盖存在,为飑线移到商丘爆发更为激烈的强对流天气提供了大量的不稳定能量;强飑线回波带上超级单体风暴和后来发展形成的弓形回波是造成商丘地区强天气的关键,雷暴大风发生在辐合线后侧,辐合线后侧具有典型的中尺度雷暴高压、中尺度低温中心、风场辐散等特征;强雷暴高压、高压前侧的强气压梯度以及强飑线的快速移动是宁陵、夏邑和永城等地有气象记录以来极端大风产生的直接原因。  相似文献   

7.
利用常规气象资料、ERA5再分析资料、北京VDRAS资料以及雷达资料,对2021年7月31日发生在河北中南部的一次弓状强飑线过程进行分析。结果表明:(1)此次飑线过程发生在冷涡的背景下,500 hPa涡后的冷空气与850 hPa的暖脊叠加,建立了不稳定层结,在地面辐合线附近触发。(2)雷达回波由分散的对流单体合并加强,强弓形出现时,最大强度值超过55 dBZ,存在径向速度大值区和中层径向辐合等特征,这些都预示地面大风的出现,而回波悬垂预示冰雹出现。(3)雷达反演的风场可以显示飑线的水平和垂直结构,能清楚地指示飑线的出流、入流以及辐合区,对指示飑线不同部位的发展趋势有重要指示意义。(4)地面风场辐合导致雷暴单体触发,雷暴单体在不稳定的大气层结中获得快速发展,发展过程中0~3 km的垂直风切变逐渐增强,低层形成冷池,热力不均匀区域扩大,沿着扰动温度梯度大值区与风场辐合区,新生对流向东向南传播,分散对流单体合并演变为飑线。(5)从飑线发展阶段的热动力结构分析中发现,由倾斜上升气流与下沉气流形成垂直环流,下沉气流增强时,冷池效应增强,低层环境垂直风切变也增强,环境条件的改变是飑线发展的结果,同...  相似文献   

8.
2018年一次罕见早春飑线大风过程演变和机理分析   总被引:6,自引:4,他引:2  
盛杰  郑永光  沈新勇  张涛  曹艳察  林隐静 《气象》2019,45(2):141-154
2018年3月4—5日,华南、江南等地发生了一次大范围强对流过程,发生时间早,落区范围广,多地伴有雷暴大风、冰雹、短时强降水等剧烈对流天气,尤其飑线在江西境内造成了严重大风灾害。基于大气环流和雷达回波发展演变特征,将该次过程分为初始、发展和减弱三个阶段:初始阶段西风槽前西南急流造成的低压倒槽为强对流提供大尺度触发条件;发展阶段对流活动位于槽前暖区中,飑线在江西造成极端大风;入夜后,冷锋南下,对流进入减弱阶段。环境场及对流参数诊断表明江西中北部低层高温高湿,中层干冷,温度垂直递减率大,有利于产生雷暴大风。南昌探空长时间序列分析表明温湿要素气候态异常,与历史同期比,低层明显偏暖偏湿,中层偏干,有利于极端对流天气发生。综合多源观测资料和雷达资料分析中小尺度特征,本次江西飑线过程特点及成因包括:(1)受引导气流和前向传播共同作用,飑线移动速度快。(2)自动站分析显示飑锋后雷暴高压强,与锋前暖低压作用造成强密度流,有利于产生大范围直线型大风;(3)通过对比飑线弓状回波南北段回波结构差异表明,飑线后侧中层干后向入流促使降水粒子相变,剧烈降温形成的强下沉运动(下击暴流)是导致极端大风的主要原因,后部层云区下沉气流增强雷暴高压加之动量下传作用对雷暴大风有增幅作用。  相似文献   

9.
此次飑线型弓形回波发生在高空前倾槽天气形势下,低层浅薄的水汽辐合及高空中等强度垂直切变为飑线发生发展提供了有利条件。飑线弓形回波北端具有明显的气旋性特征,飑线型弓形回波由许多小弓形回波组成,在弓形回波后部有后侧入流急流存在,弓形回波顶点中空有明显的涡旋式辐合,与弓形回波顶点相对应地面出现灾害性大风和小冰雹。飑线型弓形回波受高空WNW偏移引导气流右侧30°移动,平均移速60km/h。将2部雷达资料相结合,可以提前1h发布强对流天气预警。  相似文献   

10.
利用常规气象观测和新型监测资料,分析了2016年6月13—14日华北飑线过程的卫星云图、雷达回波、自动站极大风速风场等特征。结果表明:(1)"0613"飑线过程发生在"上干下湿"的水汽垂直分布环境条件下;在蒙古冷涡影响背景下,河套地区生成的对流云团在前倾结构700 h Pa与850 h Pa冷式切变线之间发展合并,形成有组织的飑线系统。(2)在强盛阶段,飑线具有明显的弱回波通道,飑线西段为偏西风与偏东风形成的气旋式切变,东段为强的反气旋式切变;弓形回波顶点处风向、风速辐合显著,飑线内部后侧倾斜向下的入流急流将中层高动能的干冷空气向地面引导,加强了对流风暴的下沉运动,并与后侧倾斜向下的冷空气入流共同作用加强了飑线前侧的气压梯度,是地面大风形成的主要原因。(3)飑线前部低压暖区生成的对流云泡在自动站极大风速风场切变线附近发展合并形成超级单体风暴,其后侧中高层入流将高动能的干冷空气向地面引导,促使地面出流及风暴前沿辐合抬升运动增强,使得超级单体风暴生命维持较长,是山西长治大冰雹持续近4 h的主要原因。(4)同一飑线系统在不同环境条件下其垂直结构、移速及带来的强天气有明显差异。(5)自动站极大风速切变线的生成较雷暴大风带的出现提前30~40 min,这对飑线大风预警有指示意义。  相似文献   

11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.  相似文献   

12.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.  相似文献   

13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.  相似文献   

14.
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.  相似文献   

15.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.  相似文献   

16.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.  相似文献   

17.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.  相似文献   

18.
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on  相似文献   

19.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.  相似文献   

20.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.  相似文献   

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