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1.
利用1981—2020年5—9月天山南坡16个气象站逐日降水资料和NCEP/NCAR GDAS再分析资料,分析天山南坡暖季暴雨过程的环流形势,并采用HYSPLIT模式,模拟追踪水汽源地及输送特征。结果表明:天山南坡暖季暴雨主要发生在南亚高压双体型、500 hPa以上西南急流(气流)、700 hPa切变辐合以及天山地形辐合抬升的重叠区域。水汽主要源自中亚、大西洋及其沿岸、地中海和黑海及其附近,经TKAP(塔吉克斯坦、吉尔吉斯坦、阿富汗东北部、巴基斯坦北部和印度西北部)、南疆、北疆关键区,分别从偏西、偏南、偏北通道输入暴雨区,700 hPa以上偏西通道、以下偏北通道占主导地位,且贡献最大的是南疆关键区。源自中亚的水汽主要输送至暴雨区700 hPa及以下,对暴雨的贡献较大,且沿途损失较大;源自大西洋及其沿岸、地中海和黑海及其附近的水汽主要输送至暴雨区700 hPa以上,对暴雨的贡献较小。另外,中低层还存在源自北疆、南疆、北美洲东部、蒙古的水汽。基于上述特征,建立了天山南坡暖季暴雨过程水汽三维精细化结构模型。 相似文献
2.
利用1981—2020年5—9月天山南坡16个气象站逐日降水资料和NCEP/NCAR GDAS再分析资料,分析天山南坡暖季暴雨过程的环流形势,并采用HYSPLIT模式,模拟追踪水汽源地及输送特征。结果表明:天山南坡暖季暴雨主要发生在南亚高压双体型、500 hPa以上西南急流(气流)、700 hPa切变辐合以及天山地形辐合抬升的重叠区域。水汽主要源自中亚、大西洋及其沿岸、地中海和黑海及其附近,经TKAP(塔吉克斯坦、吉尔吉斯坦、阿富汗东北部、巴基斯坦北部和印度西北部)、南疆、北疆关键区,分别从偏西、偏南、偏北通道输入暴雨区,700 hPa以上偏西通道、以下偏北通道占主导地位,且贡献最大的是南疆关键区。源自中亚的水汽主要输送至暴雨区700 hPa及以下,对暴雨的贡献较大,且沿途损失较大;源自大西洋及其沿岸、地中海和黑海及其附近的水汽主要输送至暴雨区700 hPa以上,对暴雨的贡献较小。另外,中低层还存在源自北疆、南疆、北美洲东部、蒙古的水汽。基于上述特征,建立了天山南坡暖季暴雨过程水汽三维精细化结构模型。 相似文献
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利用1958—2007年ERA再分析风场及气压场资料和APHRO高分辨率逐日降水资料,对近50 a来梅雨期水汽输送的时空特征及其与江淮地区降水的关系进行了研究,发现各条水汽通道对江淮地区梅雨期降水强度及范围的影响程度均不同。梅雨期影响我国降水的水汽输送有显著的年际变化,并且水汽输送强弱年对应江淮地区降水强度也有明显差异。相关分析及合成差值的结果显示,西太平洋水汽输送贡献更大,且西太平洋水汽输送(东南通道)增强时,江淮地区降水增多。印度洋水汽输送的加强会减弱太平洋的水汽输送从而使得江淮少雨。在全球变暖的背景下,西太平洋的水汽输送对降水的增强作用有所减弱而印度洋输送所导致降水强度减弱的范围则明显扩大。自1980年起,江淮降水出现缓慢增多的趋势与全球变暖所导致的东亚环流异常进而影响水汽输送异常相关。 相似文献
4.
中国东部季风区夏季四类雨型的水汽输送特征及差异 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用1951~2015年NCEP/NCAR再分析逐日资料和中国160站月降水观测资料,及中国东部季风区夏季四类雨型（北方型、中间型、长江型和华南型）的划分结果,分析了东亚水汽输送与中国东部季风区夏季降水的关系,比较了四类雨型的水汽输送、收支特征及其差异,结果表明:（1）夏季影响中国东部季风区的水汽通道主要有以下6条:印度洋通道,表征印度季风区偏南的西风水汽输送;高原南侧通道,表征印度季风区偏北的西风水汽输送;太平洋通道,表征由西太平洋副热带高压（副高）带来的西太平洋的水汽;西风带通道,表征西风带的水汽输送;孟加拉湾通道,表征来自孟加拉湾向北的水汽输送;南海通道,表征来自印度洋和孟加拉湾在中南半岛转向及来自南海的水汽;与中国东部不同地区降水异常相联系的水汽通道存在明显的差异,且同一条水汽通道在夏季不同阶段与降水的关系也不尽相同。（2）四类雨型的水汽输送和收支特征有明显的差异,华北盛夏降水主要受亚洲季风水汽输送的影响,其次是西风带水汽输送,北方型年二者往往偏强,尤其是季风水汽输送增加一倍以上,贡献也明显增加,20世纪70年代中期之后,季风水汽输送显著减弱,西风带水汽输送的重要性相对增大;淮河流域夏季降水异常主要受太平洋通道水汽输送异常的主导,其次是高原南侧通道水汽输送,二者偏强并在淮河流域辐合时,淮河流域降水偏多形成中间型年;长江中下游地区夏季降水主要受太平洋通道水汽输送异常的主导,长江型年,副高西北侧的西南水汽输送异常加强,并与北方冷空气异常在长江中下游地区辐合,区域为正的水汽净收支;华南地区夏季降水则受印度洋通道、太平洋通道及南海通道的共同影响,当三条通道异常偏强,水汽与北方冷空气在华南地区辐合,形成华南型年。本研究所得结论加深了我们对四类雨型形成机理的认识,并为汛期主雨带的预测提供了参考。 相似文献
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6月长江中下游降水和春季东亚季风区土壤湿度的关系 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用美国气候预测中心(CPC)土壤湿度资料、中国台站观测降水资料以及NCEP/NCAR再分析的风场和气温资料,在去除了降水资料中的ENSO信号的影响后,分析了6月长江中下游降水和春季东亚季风区土壤湿度的关系。结果表明,长江中下游6月降水和前期春季土壤湿度存在很显著的正相关关系。进一步分析表明,当中晚春(4—5月)长江中下游地区的土壤湿度偏高(低)时,晚春(5月)长江中下游上空低层气温偏低(高),从而导致东亚季风区的海陆温差减小(增加)。海陆温差的减弱(增强)使得6月东亚夏季风较常年偏弱(强),伴随的风场异常主要体现在长江以南地区为南风(北风)异常所控制,而长江以北则为北风(南风)异常,从而使得长江中下游存在着异常辐合(散),最终导致长江中下游降水量较常年偏多(少)。 相似文献
6.
Nine models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project version 3 dataset are employed to examine projected changes in the South American Monsoon System annual cycle by comparing the 20th Century and SRES A2 scenarios. The following hypotheses are examined: (1) the warm season climate responses in the Southeast, Continental South Atlantic Convergence Zone (CSACZ) and Monsoon regions are related by regional circulation and moisture transport changes which, in turn, must be consistent with robust large-scale changes in the climate system, and (2) an increased threshold for convection in a warmer world may affect the timing of warm season rains. The present analysis reaffirms that the Southeast region is likely to experience increased precipitation through the warm season. Additional results exhibit more uncertainty due to large inter-model variance and disagreement in the A2 scenarios. Nevertheless several statistically significant results are found. In the Monsoon and to a lesser extent in the CSACZ region, the multi-model median suggests reduced precipitation during spring (Sep–Nov). These continental precipitation changes are accompanied by a southward shift of the maximum precipitation in the South Atlantic Convergence Zone. Changes in circulation include a poleward displaced South Atlantic Anticyclone (SAAC) and enhanced moisture transport associated with a strengthened northerly low level flow east of the Andes during spring. Moisture transport divergence calculations indicate unchanged divergence in the Monsoon region during spring and increased convergence in the Southeast throughout the warm season. The circulation and moisture transport changes suggest the increased precipitation in the Southeast during spring may be related to changes in the SALLJ and SAAC, which both enhance moisture transport to the Southeast. The seasonally dry Monsoon region is further affected by an increased threshold for convection in the warmer, more humid and stable climate of the 21st century, which combined with the circulation changes may weaken the onset of the rainy season. Although there is substantial variability among the models, and the results are represented by small changes compared with the multi-model variance, their statistical significance combined with their consistency with expected robust large scale changes provides a measure of confidence in otherwise tentative results. Further testing of the relationships presented here will be required to fully understand projected changes in the South American Monsoon. 相似文献
7.
利用NCEP/NCAR全球再分析资料、地面观测资料和自动站降水资料,分析了2018/2019年冬季浙江罕见连续阴雨寡照天气过程中冬季风环流和南支槽等环流异常,并从西风带波动、海温强迫等方面研究了局地环流异常的成因。结果表明:2018/2019年冬季连阴雨事件中雨日、日照破历史记录,雨量较常年同期明显偏多。主要的环流异常为西北太平洋异常反气旋（WNPAC）明显偏北,同时阿留申低压和西伯利亚高压亦偏北,东亚地区40°N以南有强的偏南风异常,冬季风偏弱;南支槽较常年偏强,保证了浙江上空有持续的水汽和扰动输送。对流层中层存在沿欧洲向东亚—西太平洋传播的波动能量,波能在东亚地区一直向南传播至20°N以南,可能导致WNPAC明显北抬和南支槽加强。ENSO是WNPAC的重要强迫源,ENSO暖位相使得海洋性大陆出现异常对流冷却,而浙江上空对流加强,ENSO对南支槽活动强度亦有明显的制约作用。中国近海海温偏高是WNPAC和阿留申低压明显偏北的重要影响因素。2018/2019年冬季局地环流异常可能由ENSO和中国近海海温协同强迫所致。 相似文献
8.
本文基于观测和再分析资料,采用Brubaker二元模型评估了第六次国际耦合模式比较计划（CMIP6）中19个模式对中国东部季风区气候态水循环过程的模拟能力,并分析了模拟误差来源。结果表明,CMIP6模式集合平均（MME）能够合理再现观测降水和蒸发的年平均气候态空间分布及年循环特征,与观测值的空间相关系数分别为0.92和0.87。较之观测,MME高估了华北地区降水（0.55 mm d?1）,低估了华南沿海地区降水（?0.3 mm d?1）。所有CMIP6模式均高估蒸发强度（偏差0.03～0.98 mm d?1）,使得模拟的降水与蒸发之差偏少。模式整体能够模拟出我国东部季风区降水再循环率及不同边界水汽来源的贡献率,但低估了由南边界进入季风区的水汽贡献,导致东亚季风区偏干。通过分析模式对影响水汽通量的两个气象要素（风速和大气比湿）的模拟能力,发现研究区南边界的风速大小决定了模式间水汽输送差异。南边界风速越大的模式,由南边界进入的水汽通量越大,模式模拟的降水越多。西北太平洋辐合带的东西位置是影响南边界南风速的重要系统之一,辐合带位置偏东的模式模拟的南风强度较弱,使得水汽输送偏弱、降水偏少;反之,南边界水汽输送偏强、降水偏多。本文通过评估最新一代CMIP6模式在东亚水循环方面的模拟性能,指出了当前气候模式在模拟西太平洋辐合带位置方面存在的偏差及其对东亚水循环的影响。 相似文献
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利用国家气候中心整编的中国160个测站的月降水资料,提取1951—2012年江淮流域26站6、7月份的梅雨量距平场资料进行EOF分析,将梅雨雨型分为北涝南旱型和南涝北旱型。利用NCAR/NCEP再分析资料对两种空间分布的典型年大气环流背景特征进行合成分析,结果表明:北涝南旱年,高纬度鄂霍次克海高压阻塞形势偏强,极涡偏弱,西太平洋副热带高压和南亚高压位置偏北,东亚副热带夏季风偏强,水汽辐合中心偏北;南涝北旱年情形基本相反,高纬度鄂霍次克海高压阻塞形势和极涡偏强,西太平洋副热带高压和200 hPa南亚高压位置偏南,东亚副热带夏季风偏弱,水汽辐合中心偏南。 相似文献
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2015年5月19—20日广东省强降水过程具有降水集中、强度大和局地性强的特点,利用广东省自动气象站观测资料、ECMWF_FINE再分析资料,对此次强降水过程进行分析发现:华南地区受低槽东移影响,强降水发生在切变线南侧偏南暖湿流场中,粤北降水属于锋面降水,粤东降水属于锋前暖区降水,两者在水汽输送和动力机制上有显著区别。孟加拉湾和南海输送的水汽在这次强降水过程中占主导地位,南边界和东边界为水汽的流入边界,整体水汽输送以经向输入为主。暖区降水区域处于较强的水汽平流环境中,具有更大的水汽净输送量,造成粤东地区的降水量更大。对流层高层辐散比中低层辐合更为重要,是粤东暖区降水重要的动力属性,且暖区中低层流场的旋转效应弱,有区别于典型的梅雨锋降水。利用绝热无摩擦湿位涡守恒进行诊断发现对流不稳定是此次强降水发展的主要机制,暴雨发生区域对应湿位涡垂直分量为负值,水平分量为正值,底层MPV1＜0和MPV2＞0综合反映了大气对流不稳定和斜压不稳定的增强过程。降水区对流层低层受负湿位涡控制,低层湿位涡负值区与强降水落区有较好的对应关系。 相似文献
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本文分析了中国科学院大气物理研究所年代际气候预测系统IAP DecPreS的海洋同化试验（简称EnOI-IAU试验）在西北太平洋地区的海表面温度（SST）年循环的模拟技巧,并通过对比IAP DecPreS系统自由耦合历史气候模拟试验结果,在包含海气耦合过程的框架下讨论了耦合模式中西北太平洋夏季SST模拟差异,及其对亚洲季风区夏季季风降水模拟的影响。结果表明,EnOI-IAU试验较好地模拟出了西北太平洋各个季节的SST空间分布,并显著减小了原存在于历史气候模拟试验中持续全年的SST冷偏差。混合层热收支诊断分析表明,包含同化过程在内的海洋过程的模拟差异对西北太平洋海温的模拟提升有重要贡献。夏季,EnOI-IAU试验模拟的印度季风伴随的低层西风较观测偏东、偏强,且高估了赤道西太平洋区域的降水量值、低估了印度洋区域的降水量值。水汽收支分析显示,气旋式环流异常造成的水汽辐合异常是造成亚洲季风区降水模拟差异的主要原因。研究表明,较之历史模拟试验,EnOI-IAU试验中夏季西北太平洋地区SST增暖造成局地对流增强,进而使得局地产生异常上升运动,水汽辐合增强,造成西北太平洋地区降水模拟偏多,激发出低层西风异常及赤道外气旋式环流异常。该低层西风异常导致了北印度洋地区低层辐散异常,减小了原存在于历史试验中印度洋地区的正降水偏差。西北太平洋气旋式环流异常一方面增强了印度夏季风伴随的低层西风,使得更多的水汽从阿拉伯海输送到西太平洋暖池区域,增强了该区域的降水量;另一方面,该气旋式环流异常减小了历史模拟试验中中国南部区域偏强的低层风速,进而提升了模式对东亚低层西南风的模拟能力。 相似文献
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利用常规观测、区域自动站逐小时降水、NCEP/NCAR和GDAS再分析等资料,对比分析了2018－2019年哈密市三次暴雨过程的环流背景、水汽输送、辐合（辐散）和水汽收支等特征。结果表明：三次暴雨过程均发生在巴尔喀什湖地区有低涡、蒙古地区有高压脊的环流背景下,当对流层高层南亚高压中心东移且东部中心强度增强、中亚西风槽前存在强西南急流,对流层中层欧洲高压脊偏强、低涡偏南、西太副高偏西偏北时,有利于暴雨落区偏南、降水强度强,反之暴雨落区偏北、降水偏弱。三次暴雨过程水汽源地、水汽输送路径及水汽贡献有所差异,水汽源地的多源性和源地水汽贡献量的多少会对哈密市降雨的强弱有一定的影响。对流层中低层蒙古的反气旋有利于暖湿空汽沿着河西走廊的偏东急流输送至暴雨区,有利于暴雨的增幅。三次过程不同边界水汽收支量有所差异,东边界的低层和西边界的中高层为水汽的主要输入边界。强降水区各边界水汽净流入的强度、维持时间以及水汽的辐合强度对强降水的发展和维持起关键作用。 相似文献
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Climatic background of cold and wet winter in southern China: part I observational analysis 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This study explores the climate background of anomalous wet and cold winter in southern China, focusing on results in January when most of its disastrous snowstorms and freezing rainfall events were observed. Based on the ERA-40 reanalysis and Climate Research Unit (CRU) observed precipitation and surface temperature monthly data for the period of 1959?C2001, the difference between normalised monthly precipitation and temperature is used to define a simple index which reflects the intensity of the wet and cold condition in the region. It offers a good agreement with an index defined by daily weather station data observed in the region. Then, through simple correlation analyses we focus on exploring the dominant physical and dynamical processes leading to such climatic anomalies. While we acknowledge the contribution of the cold/dry air penetrated from the north, the importance of maintaining a warm and moist airflow from the south is highlighted, including an enhanced Middle East Jet Stream (MEJS) and southwesterly flow over Indochina Peninsula and South China Sea region. Strong vertical share of meridional wind, with enhanced northerly flow near the surface and southerly flow in the low to middle troposphere, leads to significant temperature and moisture inversions. These are consistent with results from synoptic analyses of the severe January 2008 event which was not included in the correlation calculations and thus suggest the 2008 event was not an unusual event although it was very intense. In the third part, we use a partial least-square statistical method to uncover dominant SST patterns corresponding to such climatic conditions. By comparing results for the periods of 1949?C1978 and 1978?C2007, we demonstrate the shift of dominant SST patterns responsible for the wet and cold anomalies. Shifting from ??conventional?? ENSO SST patterns to ENSO Modoki-like conditions in recent decades partially explains the unstable relationship between ENSO and Asian winter monsoon. Meanwhile, the importance of SST conditions in extra-tropic Pacific and Indian oceans is acknowledged. Finally, we developed a forecasting model which uses SST condition in October to predict the occurrence of the anomalous wet and cold January in the region and reasonable forecasting skill is obtained. 相似文献
15.
The interannual precipitation variability in the southern part of Iran as linked to large-scale climate modes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Farnaz Pourasghar Tomoki Tozuka Saeed Jahanbakhsh Behrooz Sari Sarraf Hooshang Ghaemi Toshio Yamagata 《Climate Dynamics》2012,39(9-10):2329-2341
The interannual variation of precipitation in the southern part of Iran and its link with the large-scale climate modes are examined using monthly data from 183 meteorological stations during 1974–2005. The majority of precipitation occurs during the rainy season from October to May. The interannual variation in fall and early winter during the first part of the rainy season shows apparently a significant positive correlation with the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). However, a partial correlation analysis used to extract the respective influence of IOD and ENSO shows a significant positive correlation only with the IOD and not with ENSO. The southeasterly moisture flux anomaly over the Arabian Sea turns anti-cyclonically and transport more moisture to the southern part of Iran from the Arabian Sea, the Red Sea, and the Persian Gulf during the positive IOD. On the other hand, the moisture flux has northerly anomaly over Iran during the negative IOD, which results in reduced moisture supply from the south. During the latter part of the rainy season in late winter and spring, the interannual variation of precipitation is more strongly influenced by modes of variability over the Mediterranean Sea. The induced large-scale atmospheric circulation anomaly controls moisture supply from the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf. 相似文献
16.
The record-breaking mei-yu in the Yangtze-Huaihe River valley (YHRV) in 2020 was characterized by an early onset, a delayed retreat, a long duration, a wide meridional rainbelt, abundant precipitation, and frequent heavy rainstorm processes. It is noted that the East Asian monsoon circulation system presented a significant quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO) during the mei-yu season of 2020 that was associated with the onset and retreat of mei-yu, a northward shift and stagnation of the rainbelt, and the occurrence and persistence of heavy rainstorm processes. Correspondingly, during the mei-yu season, the monsoon circulation subsystems, including the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), the upper-level East Asian westerly jet, and the low-level southwesterly jet, experienced periodic oscillations linked with the QBWO. Most notably, the repeated establishment of a large southerly center, with relatively stable latitude, led to moisture convergence and ascent which was observed to develop repeatedly. This was accompanied by a long-term duration of the mei-yu rainfall in the YHRV and frequent occurrences of rainstorm processes. Moreover, two blocking highs were present in the middle to high latitudes over Eurasia, and a trough along the East Asian coast was also active, which allowed cold air intrusions to move southward through the northwestern and/or northeastern paths. The cold air frequently merged with the warm and moist air from the low latitudes resulting in low-level convergence over the YHRV. The persistent warming in the tropical Indian Ocean is found to be an important external contributor to an EAP/PJ-like teleconnection pattern over East Asia along with an intensified and southerly displaced WPSH, which was observed to be favorable for excessive rainfall over YHRV. 相似文献
17.
华南前汛期典型涝年低频降水特征及其与低频水汽输送的关系 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
利用1961—2013年国家气象信息中心提供的全国753站逐日降水资料、NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析风场和比湿资料,以及NOAA的HYSPLIT模式同期驱动资料,分析了华南前汛期9个典型涝年的低频降水特征及其与低频水汽输送的关系,探讨了低频水汽输送通道及源地。结果表明,华南前汛期9个典型涝年降水存在显著的10~20 d低频振荡周期,闽赣地区30~60 d低频周期也显著。华南前汛期850 hPa纬向、经向水汽通量都存在10~20 d的显著低频周期。影响华南前汛期典型涝年10~20 d低频降水的四个低频水汽输送通道及源地为:以马达加斯加岛北部印度洋、赤道中印度洋为参考源地的西南水汽通道;以日本群岛东南洋面和赤道中太平洋为源地的东南水汽通道;以里海北部和贝加尔湖东南侧为参考源地的西北冷空气通道;以白令海为参考源地的东北冷湿水汽通道。对广东佛冈站和江西广昌站的典型涝年进行水汽后向轨迹模拟验证了上述四个水汽通道,模拟源地均位于水汽通道关键区域。水汽信号参考源地和模拟源地,可作为华南前汛期提前2~6 d延伸期预报时重点考察地区。 相似文献
18.
Climatological characteristics of the moisture budget and their anomalies over the joining area of Asia and the Indian-Pacific Ocean 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The climatological characteristics of the moisture budget over the joining area of Asia
and the Indian-Pacific Ocean (AIPO) and its adjacent regions as well as their anomalies have been
estimated in this study. The main results are as follows.
In the winter, the northeasterly moisture transport covers the extensive areas at the lower latitudes
of the AIPO. The westerly and northerly moisture transport is the major source and the South Indian
Ocean (SIO) is the moisture sink. In the summer, influenced by the southwesterly monsoonal wind, the
cross-equatorial southwesterly moisture transport across Somali originating from the SIO is transported
through the Arabian Sea (AS), the Bay of Bengal (BOB), and the South China Sea (SCS) to eastern China.
The AIPO is controlled by the southwesterly moisture transport.
The net moisture influx over the AIPO has obvious interannual and interdecadal variations. From the
mid- or late 1970s, the influxes over the SIO, the AS, the northern part of the western North Pacific
(NWNP), and North China (NC) as well as South China (SC) begin to decrease abruptly, while those over
Northeast China (NEC) and the Yangtze River-Huaihe River basins (YHRB) have increased remarkably. As a
whole, the net moisture influxes over the BOB and the southern part of the western North Pacific (SWNP)
in the recent 50 years take on a linear increasing trend. However, the transition timing for these two
regions is different with the former being at the mid- or late 1980s and the latter occurring earlier,
approximately at the early stage of the 1970s.
The anomalous moisture source associated with the precipitation anomalies is different from the normal
conditions of the summer precipitation. For the drought or flood years or the years of El Ni\~no and its
following years, the anomalous moisture transport originating from the western North Pacific (WNP) is
the vital source of the anomalous precipitation over eastern China, which is greatly related with the
variation of the subtropical Pacific high. 相似文献
19.
利用北京宝联站及北京上甸子大气本底站2006—2008年的7—9月PM2.5连续观测资料以及北京市观象台的探空数据、海淀气象站的风廓线雷达和降水量等资料,对北京地区夏末秋初PM2.5的质量浓度特征及其与气象要素的关系进行了统计分析。结果表明:城区站各月平均PM2.5质量浓度明显高于郊区站,高空偏南气流的输送是造成城区及本底地区出现细颗粒物污染的主要原因。从地面风速来看,城区当北风和南风分别达到2 m·s-1和3.5 m·s-1以上时能起到扩散作用;郊区在低风速的北风条件下也能起到扩散和稀释作用,而南风基本上对郊区的颗粒物无扩散作用。PM2.5质量浓度在降水前后的清除量与降水量、初始质量浓度均呈正相关关系,城区及郊区的云下清除过程更多取决于降水前污染物的浓度,降水量作用较弱。当混合层高度突破1500 m时,垂直扩散对污染物的稀释扩散效果明显。 相似文献
20.
The Relationship Between June Precipitation over Mid-Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Basin and Spring Soil Moisture over the East Asian Monsoon Region 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 Using the US Climate Prediction Center(CPC)soil moisture dataset and the observed precipitation over China together with the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis wind and air temperature,the relationship between June precipitation over mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin(MLR-YRB)and spring soil moisture over the East Asian monsoon region was explored,with the signal of the ENSO effect on precipitation removed.A significant positive correlation was found between the mean June precipitation and the preceding soilmoisture over the MRL-YRB.The possible response mechanism for this relationship was also investigated.It is found that when the soil over the MRL-YRB is wetter(drier) than normal in April and May,theair temperature in the lower troposphere over this region in May is lower(higher) than normal,and this temperature effect leads to a decrease(increase) in the temperature contrast between the land and the sea.Generally,a decrease(increase) in the land-sea temperature contrast leads to weaker(stronger) East Asian summer monsoon in June.Southerly(northerly)wind anomalies at 850 hPa then show up in the south of the Yangtze River basin while northerly(southerly)wind anomalies dominate in the north.These anomalies lead to the convergence(divergence) of wind and water vapor and hence gives rise to more(less) precipitation in June over the MLR-YRB. 相似文献