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本文通过对飑定义的更深一步了解,并从果洛州气象台1996～2006年地面观测资料中31次飑记录人手,分析记录大武地区飑现象出现时风、压、温、湿要素的变化特征,正确理解飑出现时风向突变,风速猛增,气压涌升,并形成明显的“雷暴鼻”,气温急降,相对湿度大幅度上升的变化趋势特征,从而对飑天气现象进行准确的观测和记录。 相似文献
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《干旱气象》2017,(6)
利用常规气象观测和新型监测资料,分析了2016年6月13—14日华北飑线过程的卫星云图、雷达回波、自动站极大风速风场等特征。结果表明:(1)"0613"飑线过程发生在"上干下湿"的水汽垂直分布环境条件下;在蒙古冷涡影响背景下,河套地区生成的对流云团在前倾结构700 h Pa与850 h Pa冷式切变线之间发展合并,形成有组织的飑线系统。(2)在强盛阶段,飑线具有明显的弱回波通道,飑线西段为偏西风与偏东风形成的气旋式切变,东段为强的反气旋式切变;弓形回波顶点处风向、风速辐合显著,飑线内部后侧倾斜向下的入流急流将中层高动能的干冷空气向地面引导,加强了对流风暴的下沉运动,并与后侧倾斜向下的冷空气入流共同作用加强了飑线前侧的气压梯度,是地面大风形成的主要原因。(3)飑线前部低压暖区生成的对流云泡在自动站极大风速风场切变线附近发展合并形成超级单体风暴,其后侧中高层入流将高动能的干冷空气向地面引导,促使地面出流及风暴前沿辐合抬升运动增强,使得超级单体风暴生命维持较长,是山西长治大冰雹持续近4 h的主要原因。(4)同一飑线系统在不同环境条件下其垂直结构、移速及带来的强天气有明显差异。(5)自动站极大风速切变线的生成较雷暴大风带的出现提前30~40 min,这对飑线大风预警有指示意义。 相似文献
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通过观测资料分析和数值模拟研究,对2013年3月28日一次产生地面大风的弓形强飑线过程进行研究分析,观测资料表明：这次飑线过程是由高空槽配合地面弱低压场,中低层深厚的暖湿空气以及源源不断的西南暖湿气流组成的不稳定层结,以高空槽东移为触发机制,引起的弓形飑线系统,并且出现了雷暴高压、出流边界、尾流低压等系统.数值模拟显示,近地面辐合带与地面最大风速出现在沿强回波边缘的飑线移动的前方.飑线后部强烈的中低层人流有助于地面大风的形成.另外,飑线发展期间内部存在明显的垂直风切变,有利于对流的维持与发展. 相似文献
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通过对“飑”现象的认识，叙述了飑的成因、概念及出现时各要素的变化特征，以及飑与非飑现象的实况气象资料对比分析，简要阐述如何进一步准确观测飑的一些方法与经验。 相似文献
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应用深圳新一代多普勒天气雷达、边界层风廓线雷达和区域气象观测站等多种观测资料,对2009年3月5日深圳市一次局地大风天气的中小尺度特征进行了分析。通过分析造成大风天气的颮线过程急流变化、飑线内小尺度强对流系统结构特征,以及受灾地点附近地面风向、风速、气压、气温和降水量等气象要素变化特征,认为飑线内的小尺度强对流系统造成了这次大风灾害。发现飑线在东移发展过程中,有高空急流动量下传特征,飑线内的小尺度强对流系统有移动速度快、生消时间短、中心风速大的特点,其速度中心区具有上大下小的漏斗状及前倾垂直结构特征、具有局地弱龙卷的特征。 相似文献
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云南中部一次飑天气过程的雷达回波特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
利用地面资料和雷达回波，分析了2002年9月8日云南中部一次飑天气的发生、发展和演变情况，得出低纬高原飑天气出现时天气和要素变化为：雷暴最先出现，随后湿度急升，气温直线下降。在这突变过程中出现大风、大雨和冰雹，气压出现跳跃。飑线水平尺度长不到100km，宽仅10km，生消史两个小时左右。其雷达回波有前期征兆，发生演变过程，有一定特征。 相似文献
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广西一次飑线大风天气的成因和预警分析 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
本文利用常规探测资料、多普勒天气雷达资料、自动站观测资料等对2013年3月27-28日发生在广西的一次飑线大风天气过程进行跟踪及监测预警,对其大尺度环流背景、雷达回波特征以及灾害性大风形成原因进行了较为详细的分析与研究。结果表明:此次飑线过程是由高空冷槽与地面高压后部形势所引起的;假相当位温、T-logp图等分析表明广西上空具有较好的热力、动力条件;地面辐合线触发初始对流活动;发展成熟的飑线地面气压场上存在雷暴高压、飑前低压和飑后低压等中尺度特征;飑线大风等灾害性天气出现在地面高压前侧气压梯度大值区和飑线的断裂处;雷达图像上中层径向辐合、反射率因子核心和中层风速大值区逐渐降低以及垂直风廓线图中低层风的转变等特征信息对地面大风天气临近预警有较好的指示意义;降水粒子的拖曳作用和飑线的快速移动都对地面大风的产生及增幅有一定的作用。 相似文献
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An atypical occlusion process that occurred in North China on 14 July 2011 is studied based on both observations and a real-data Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulation. The results show that this atypical occlusion process was significantly different from the traditional, synoptic-scale occlusion process that occurs within extratropical cyclones. It was caused by the merger of two cold-type mesoscale fronts. One of the fronts developed from the gust front of convective storms, while the other was a sea-breeze front. As the two fronts moved towards each other, the warm air between them was squeezed and separated from the surface. An atypical occluded front was formed when the two fronts merged, with the warm air forced aloft. This kind of occlusion is termed a "merger" process, different from the well-known "catch-up" and "wrap-up" processes. Moreover, local convection was found to be enhanced during the merger process, with severe convective weather produced in the merger area. 相似文献
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飑:突然发作的强风,持续时间短促。出现时瞬间风速突增,风向突变,气象要素随之亦有剧烈变化,常伴随雷雨出现。这里只给出了飑现象一个比较笼统、概括的定义,造成有些测报人员对它的理解存在模糊和误区,而天气现象的记录主要依据其定义描述的特征来进行判断,这样就使得有的台站在工作中所依据的标准并不十分明确,出现了判断标准不一致,导致飑现象记录的不规范,甚至出现了漏记现象。现就造成这一现象的原因作以下分析,供测报人员参考。1所依据的特征及各要素变化的次序不明确定义里提到的风速突增,风向突变;压、温、湿气象要素随之有剧烈变化,… 相似文献
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A. Yu. Mikhailov A. N. Zolotokrylin T. B. Titkova 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2012,37(2):85-89
The geographical position of the climatological polar front over the Russian plains in summer of 1948–1960, 1961–1990, and
1991–2007 is detailed. The location of the polar front is derived using the frequency of cyclonic centers and the module of
horizontal temperature gradient computed from the reanalysis data of UEA CRU 2.5° × 2.5°. The East European and Asian branches
of the polar front are reliably distinguished by all indicators. The geographical position of branches differs from S.P. Khromov’s
polar front map in July in details only. The present-day southward shift of the polar front over the East European Plain and
the northward shift over the West Siberian Plain are revealed relative to the period of 1948–1990. 相似文献
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Observations made with the help of a movable-bed tank designed and operated to freeze the motion of gravity current fronts indicate that both the scale of the apparatus and the magnitude of the current Reynolds number have a strong influence on mixing rates. Low mixing rates are associated with fronts in relatively shallow fresh water depths and low Reynolds numbers. Mixing rates increase more rapidly as the ratio of current thickness to fresh water depth increases. For the deepest fresh water flow conditions, when scale effects can be expected to be negligible, the dimensionless mixing rate is approximately equal to three times the relative current thickness and has an upper limit of about 0.3. Lower mixing rates are observed as the current Reynolds number decreases, suggesting that viscous effects can still exist even for deep fresh water conditions. Application of the experimental results to estimate some parameters of a hypothetical gravity current on the continental shelf yield reasonable values. However, it is clear that, owing to the scale and Reynolds number effects that might be present in laboratory experiments, particular care should be exercised when trying to extrapolate results to gravity currents in nature. 相似文献
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Summary The German Front Experiment 1987 was an experimental effort to determine the influence of the European Alps on cold fronts using data collected by aircraft, radar, surface and upper-air systems between October and December 1987. Measurements were concentrated in the Alpine foreland south of Munich and in the Inn valley in Austria. It was a cooperative effort by groups from Austria, Germany and Switzerland. This study briefly recapitulates the conduct of the experiment and the intense observation periods which were carried through. Then it is outlined to what extent the scientific objectives have been achieved. The findings of the experiments are grouped into the following topics: orographically induced frontogenesis, the interaction of foehn and front, orographically trapped gravity currents, flow into valleys and the modification of precipitation by the Alps. 相似文献
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Frontogenesis, evolution and the time scale of front formation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
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