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1.
《山西气象》2010,(3):47-48
1位涡理论及其应用 《气象》2010年第3期 寿绍文 南京信息工程大学210044 摘要:位涡是近代天气动力学的重要概念之一。本文主要对位涡理论的一些要点,包括位涡的定义、特性、分析方法、位涡思想、位涡反演、湿位涡以及位涡理论的发展和应用等作了介绍。位涡已经成为天气动力学领域中的重要研究方法之一。  相似文献   

2.
位涡反演理论在台风领域中的应用研究进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
位涡作为一个综合反映流体动力学和热力学性质的物理量,受到气象学者的广泛关注,位涡反演理论逐渐成为台风研究的重要方法之一。在简要回顾近几十年来位涡反演理论研究进展的基础上,综述了位涡反演理论在台风领域中的应用进展情况,讨论了位涡反演理论应用时可能存在的问题,即位涡平均态求取、近地面摩擦作用以及位涡反演平衡条件等都可能影响反演效果,并对位涡反演理论的应用前景作了展望。  相似文献   

3.
位涡及位涡反演   总被引:6,自引:8,他引:6  
张述文  王式功 《高原气象》2001,20(4):468-473
对位涡概念发展史进行了总结并给出位涡反演原理 ,讨论了不同近似模式的位涡表达式及其拉格朗日守恒形式 ;对位涡特性研究方面的新成果作了总结 ;考察大量应用实例并指出存在的不足 ;最后对应用前景作了展望  相似文献   

4.
能量位涡在雷雨大风天气诊断分析中的应用   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
从大气基本运动方程及大气总能量概念出发,提出将大气动力学与能量天气学相结合的物理量——干能量位涡与湿能量位涡,并确定其守恒性.通过分析发现,以静力温度表达的能量位涡数学计算更方便,物理意义更明确.以2007年湖北的一次典型雷雨大风天气为例,对雷雨大风天气用能量位涡进行诊断分析.结果表明:本文提出的干能量位涡与湿能量位涡可以较好地预示雷雨大风天气,高空干能量位涡的增强与向下发展使对流层中下层不稳定能量增大,有利于雷雨大风天气发生;低层湿能量位涡的不稳定能量高值区与斜压系统耦合时预示该区域将有雷雨大风发生.  相似文献   

5.
位涡诊断在黄土高原强对流风暴预报中的应用   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
井喜  胡春娟 《气象科技》2007,35(1):20-25
利用位涡理论,对2004年6月15~16日宁夏、内蒙、陕西、山西和河南出现大范围的强对流风暴和局地冰雹天气过程作了诊断分析。个例分析发现,干位涡空间结构表现为:从风暴区下游到风暴区形成随高度向西倾斜的大值正位涡柱,风暴区形成对流层高层大值正位涡中心和对流层中低层伴有位涡梯度增强的位涡等值线密集区的叠置。对流层低层干位涡场特征表现为,风暴区形成干位涡等值线密集区和风场切变的耦合。对流层低层湿位涡场特征表现为,风暴区形成湿位涡正压项小于0对流不稳定舌和湿斜压中心以及湿位涡斜压项等值线密集区的耦合。风暴发生前,对流层中层500hPa河套生成经向位涡等值线密集区,500hPa蒙古地区强偏北气流中同时出现正位涡扰动和指向河套的正位涡平流,对黄土高原大范围强对流风暴的发生有指示意义。  相似文献   

6.
根据位涡理论分析了1999-06-15~16日江苏和安徽的一次大暴雨过程,结果表明,位涡中的正压位涡项MPV1的正负和暴雨的强弱有较明显的关系,斜压位涡项MPV2的大小也和暴雨有着较好的对应关系。  相似文献   

7.
一次爆发性气旋的发展与湿位涡关系的研究   总被引:13,自引:3,他引:13  
通过对一次陆地爆发性气旋的数值模拟与湿位涡的诊断分析发现,气旋的爆发与湿位涡的平流关系密切,气旋的发展并不是在湿位涡中心位于气旋上空时才开始,而是当湿位涡中心位于气旋的后部,并在200hPa对下有明显的倒圆锥形下伸区时,才有利于气旋的发展。当湿位涡中心位于气旋上空时,气旋发展开始减慢。湿位涡局地变化的大小与水平方向位涡梯度的大小有关。湿斜压位涡负值区的上下贯通与气旋发展也有明显的关系。  相似文献   

8.
位涡、湿位涡及其守恒开启了(湿)位涡理论的较广泛应用,使(湿)位涡成为天气系统、天气现象演变的重要诊断物理量,能有效解释一些天气系统、天气现象的演变。为合理应用(湿)位涡及等熵位涡思维,简单分析了气象常用坐标中位涡、湿位涡表达式的限制性条件,强调此条件与(湿)等熵坐标成立的条件相同,指出z 坐标(湿)位涡与p、θ(θse)坐标(湿)位涡存在物理差异。在θ(θse)坐标中,气块的水平速度是相对水平面(地面)的移动速度,而非气块沿着等θ(θse)面的移动。在(湿)等熵位涡分析中,(湿)等熵位涡强度的变化,是平流、垂直输送以及非绝热过程的综合作用,不能简单归因为只由高层的(湿)等熵位涡异常向中低层传输、或中低纬的(湿)等熵位涡异常向高纬传送所造成。  相似文献   

9.
介绍了位涡的概念、分类及位涡理论研究的发展概况及其在暴雨中尺度诊断分析中的应用,分析了不同类型暴雨过程位涡研究结果,表明位涡在暴雨过程中的时空变化对确定暴雨的落区和强度有一定的指示意义,为内陆地区暴雨中尺度分析研究提供更多的诊断方法。  相似文献   

10.
2009年豫南一次强暴雨过程的位涡方程诊断分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
利用中尺度WRF模式、NCEP/NCAR再分析格点资料及常规气象观测资料,对2009年8月28—30日河南省南部一次强暴雨过程进行中尺度数值模拟,借助模式输出的模拟数据计算位势涡度及位势涡度方程收支,并利用位涡收支方程对此次暴雨过程进行诊断分析。结果表明,WRF模式对此次暴雨过程的模拟效果较好,模拟暴雨强度及落区与实况较一致,位势涡度能够较好地反映此次暴雨过程的动力及热力特征。位涡异常高值区与暴雨中心有较好的对应关系,暴雨中心大致位于位涡高值中心东南侧。位涡收支方程中各收支项同样能够反映此次暴雨过程的动力、热力性质。暴雨发展过程中大气中低层位涡局地增加,位涡局地变化大值中心驿应暴雨中心。各收支项中,引起中低层位涡局地变化的贡献主要来源于潜热加热作用、水平平流作用、垂直输送作用及摩擦作用。其中潜热加热与水平平流作用对暴雨中低层正变位涡起正贡献作用,潜热加热作用有利于位涡局地增加,水平平流作用易于低层位涡向流场辐合区聚集,引起局地位涡增加;垂直输送及摩擦作用对中低层位涡变化表现为负贡献作用,垂直作用易于将中低层位涡向高层输送,使得低层位涡减小,高层位涡增加。在摩擦作用下,低层位涡被大量耗散,使得中低层位涡局地减小。  相似文献   

11.
The NCEP 1°×1°reanalysis of June-to-September dataset between 2002 to 2009 is used in this study to conduct statistical analysis of the relationship between the environmental potential vorticity(PV)on 150 hPa located at the south edge of South Asia High(SAH)and TCs making landfall.The results show that 23 of the TCs are affected by the PV on 150 hPa located at the south edge of SAH between 2002 to2009,and three TCs'center pressure decline after the high-value environmental PV moves to the center of the TCs.These three TCs are Senlaku(0216),Bilis(0604)and Linfa(0903).Through diagnostic analysis from the viewpoint of isolines,we determined the relationship between the intensification of these TCs and the PV anomaly at high levels;the isentropic surface is close to the high level’s PV anomaly under the influence of the 150-hPa PV anomaly,leading to the decline of isentropic surfaces on both sides of the PV anomaly.Then the warm core of the middle and high levels of the TC strengthens and PV increases at the middle level,and both of them are beneficial to the reinforcement of the cyclonic vorticity in the low level.As a result,the center pressure of the TC declines.According to Wu’s theory of Slantwise Vorticity Development(SVD),the incline of the isentropic surfaces leads to the development of vertical vorticity,contributing to the vertical motion and the release of the latent heat.Then the warm core of the TC strengthens and the TC strengthens,too.Otherwise,piecewise PV inversion also shows that the high-level PV influences the mid-level more than the low level.  相似文献   

12.
Four observed blocking anticyclones in different regions of the Northern Hemisphere are in-vestigated.Analyses show that there exist distinct differences in the maintenance of the time-meanquasi-geostrophic potential vorticity(PV)low in 300 hPa within blocking areas.In two Pacificblocking cases,the PV advection by time-mean flow tends to flow the PV low to northwestern partof the blocking highs,and thus is beneficial to the maintenance of the blockings'strength.Thetransfer by transient eddies acts to balance the effect of the time-mean flow.In the Atlantic andAlaska blocking cases,however,the advection of mean flow tends to flow the PV low eastward.The PV transfer by transient eddies acts to flow potential vorticity low to the western part of theblocking ridges and also to balance the time-mean flow's effect.Thus,in the latter two cases,it isthe transfer by the transient eddies that acts to maintain the blockings.  相似文献   

13.
Four observed blocking anticyclones in different regions of the Northern Hemisphere are investigated.Analyses show that there exist distinct differences in the maintenance of the time-mean quasi-geostrophic potential vorticity(PV) low in 300 hPa within blocking areas.In two Pacific blocking cases,the PV advection by time-mean flow tends to flow the PV low to northwestern part of the blocking highs,and thus is beneficial to the maintenance of the blockings'strength.The transfer by transient eddies acts to balance the effect of the time-mean flow.In the Atlantic and Alaska blocking cases,however,the advection of mean flow tends to flow the PV low eastward.The PV transfer by transient eddies acts to flow potential vorticity low to the western part of the blocking ridges and also to balance the time-mean flow's effect.Thus,in the latter two cases,it is the transfer by the transient eddies that acts to maintain the blockings.  相似文献   

14.
北半球阻塞高压的维持Ⅰ:准地转和Ertel位涡分析   总被引:2,自引:3,他引:2  
刘辉  吴国雄  曾庆存 《气象学报》1995,53(2):177-185
从北半球不同地区的4个阻塞高压个例,研究了阻塞高压维持机制及其地域性差异。对阻塞高压区域300hPa时间平均准地转让涡低值区的维持机制的分析表明,该位涡低值区的维持机制存在显著的地域性差异。其中,在2个太平洋阻高个例中,时间平均流的位涡平流使低位涡向阻高西北部输送,从而有利于位涡低值区经向度的维持;时变扰动的位涡输送则有抵消平均流作用的倾向,从而对位涡低值区的维持起耗散作用。在大西洋和东亚阻高个例中,平均流的位涡平流使低位涡区向东移动,而时变扰动的位涡输送则有抵消平均流位涡平流的作用,从而有利于位涡低值区在原地稳定维持。以上主要是相对涡度输送的差异所致。等熵面Ertel位涡分析表明,阻高区域330K时间平均等熵位涡低值区的维持机制与300hPa时间平均准地转位涡低值区的维持机制十分相似,从而表明以上等压面准地转位涡分析可以近似用来代表等熵Ertel位涡分析。  相似文献   

15.
刘辉  曾庆存  吴国雄 《气象学报》1995,53(3):337-348
着重探讨大西洋阻高和东亚阻高个例中瞬变扰动位涡(涡度)输送强迫和太平洋阻高中平均流位涡平流的形成机理。结果表明,扰动在阻高西南部西风分流区因形变而产生的扰动拟能向更小尺度串级过程,并不是扰动位涡输送强迫形成的必要机理。扰-流相互作用在阻高西(北)部非分流气流中也十分显著。数值试验表明,这一相互作用也可能是扰动强迫作用形成的机理。而青藏高原和附近海陆对比的强迫作用则可能是太平洋阻高中平均流的位涡平流形成的重要因素。对比分析表明,阻高维持机制的地域性差别可能与其上游(如青藏高原地区、落基山脉)地形和热源强迫作用不同有关。  相似文献   

16.
甘璐  赵南  沈新勇 《气象学报》2011,69(3):412-422
从位涡反演的基本定义和性质出发讨论了它的发展,指出基于非线性平衡(Chamey平衡)来进行位涡反演的局限性,要准确地反演中尺度系统还有待于发展高阶位涡反演算子.文中通过分析位涡反演算子的构造得出,高阶位涡反演算子的存在性问题最终归结为探讨高阶平衡流表达式,即高阶平衡方程的存在性问题.然而,平衡流在运动过程中对惯性重力波...  相似文献   

17.
A 4-day persistent rainstorm resulting in serious flooding disasters occurred in the north of Fujian Province under the influences of a quasi-stationary Meiyu front during 5-8 June 2006. With 1°× 1° latitude and longitude NCEP reanalysis data and the ground surface rainfall, using the potential vorticity (PV) analysis and PV inversion method, the evolution of main synoptic systems, and the corresponding PV and PV perturbation (or PV anomalies) and their relationship with heavy rainfall along the Meiyu front are analyzed in order to investigate the physical mechanism of the formation, development, and maintenance of the Meiyu front. Furthermore, the PV perturbations related to different physics are separated to investigate their different roles in the formation and development of the Meiyu front. The results show: the formation and persistence of the Meiyu front in a quasi-WE orientation are mainly due to the maintenance of the high-pressure systems in its south/north sides (the West Pacific subtropical high/ the high pressure band extending from the Korean Peninsula to east of North China). The Meiyu front is closely associated with the PV in the lower troposphere. The location of the positive PV perturbation on the Meiyu front matches well with the main heavy rainfall area along the Meiyu front. The PV inversion reveals that the balanced winds satisfying the nonlinear balanced assumption represent to a large extent the real atmospheric flow and its evolution basically reflects the variation of stream flow associated with the Meiyu front. The unbalanced flow forms the convergence band of the Meiyu front and it mainly comes from the high-pressure system in the north side of the Meiyu front. The positive PV perturbation related to latent heat release in the middle-lower troposphere is one of the main factors influencing the formation and development of the Meiyu front. The positive vorticity band from the total balanced winds is in accordance with the Meiyu front band and the magnitude of the posit  相似文献   

18.
1998年华南大暴雨冷空气活动的位涡场分析   总被引:18,自引:8,他引:18  
用位涡分析方法讨论了1998年6月18-26日华南特大暴雨期间的冷空气活动特征。结果表明,在持续的东亚阻塞形势下,中高纬冷空气分三次南下,侵入江南至华南地区,造成三次大暴雨过程;南下冷空气在江南一带被来自低纬的西南暖湿气流和东南暖湿气流所切断,形成一高位涡冷空气中心。冷暖空气相互作用的结果使东亚温度场呈现南北暖、中间冷的形式。  相似文献   

19.
Based on high-fidelity numerical simulation by using the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model, we analyzed the formation and replacement mechanism of the concentric eyewall of Super Typhoon Muifa (1109) from the aspects of the potential vorticity (PV), dynamic/ thermodynamic structure change, sea surface flux, and water vapor content. Observational data and sensitivity tests were also adopted to verify the results. We found that: (1) The abnormal increase of the PV in the rain zone is mainly due to the condensation latent heat. Sufficient water vapor conditions are beneficial to the formation of the outer eyewall structure, and when the environmental water vapor content is larger, the intensity of the outer eyewall becomes greater. (2) After the formation of the typhoon’s outer eyewall, in the area where the outer eyewall is located, the increase of inertial stability contributes to the decrease of the intensity of the inner eyewall. When the intensity of the outer eyewall is larger, the divergence and subsidence motion in the upper layer of the outer eyewall has a greater weakening effect on the intensity of the inner eyewall. (3) The increase of potential temperature of the outer eyewall is mainly due to the condensation latent heat release and the warming of dry air subsidence motion in the moat area. (4) The increase of sea surface heat flux can prolong the concentric eyewall replacement process.  相似文献   

20.
2007年淮河流域暴雨期间大气环流特征分析   总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
桂海林  周兵  金荣花 《气象》2010,36(8):8-18
利用NCAR/NCEP再分析资料及国家气象信息中心30年气候平均降水资料,通过动力诊断与分析手段研究了2007年6—7月发生在我国淮河流域的暴雨。结果表明,淮河流域的环流垂直结构和降水有着非常好的对应关系。暴雨期间,鄂霍茨克海阻高与乌拉尔山阻高这种双阻高形势对于淮河流域的持续降水提供了很好的条件;南亚高压高层(200 hPa)基本为正散度区,低层(850 hPa)为负散度区,上下层强烈的抽吸结构对暴雨的发生也是非常有利的条件,同时,在淮河暴雨期问,南亚高压(200 hPa)与500 hPa西太平洋副热带高压有着相向而行的移动路径;位涡对于分析冷空气的活动,有着比较清晰的意义,暴雨发生前,有明显的正位涡异常从高纬度向低纬度伸展。大气非绝热加热分析结果显示,视热源和视水汽汇两者的高值中心与相应时段暴雨中心位置一致。  相似文献   

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