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1.
全国大部气温偏高 华南黄淮暴雨成灾——2007年8月—— 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2007年8月，全国平均气温为21．5℃，比常年同期偏高1．1℃；是1951年以来历史同期次高值。其中，北京、青海、西藏、甘肃、内蒙古为历史同期次高值。全国平均降水量为110．0mm，较常年同期（103．3mm）略偏多；其中福建、山东降水量为历史同期第三多。8月，西北太平洋和南海海域共有6个台风和热带风暴生成，生成个数较常年同期（5．6个）略偏多； 相似文献
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6月，全国平均气温为20．5℃，比常年同期偏高1．0℃，仅次于2005年，为1951年以来历史同期次高值，其中内蒙古、吉林、黑龙江区域平均气温均为历史同期最高值，辽宁为次高值。全国平均降水量为94．5mm，较常年同期（97．8mm）略偏少，其中辽宁、吉林降水异常偏少，其区域平均降水量均为历史同期最少；宁夏、青海、内蒙古中部降水异常偏多，其区域平均降水量均为历史同期第二多。 相似文献
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8月,全国平均气温为21.5℃,比常年同期偏高1.1℃;是1951年以来历史同期次高值;北京、青海、西藏、甘肃、内蒙古为历史同期次高值。全国平均降水量为110.0mm,较常年同期(103.3mm)略偏多;福建、山东降水量为历史同期第三多。8月,西北太平洋和南海海域共有5个台风或热带风暴生成,生成个数较常年同期(5.6个)略偏少;其中有3个登陆,登陆个数较常年同期(1.87)偏多。月内,台风圣帕降雨强度大,影响范围广、持续时间长,福建、湖南等地受灾严重。云南、陕西、四川、山东等地的部分地区暴雨洪涝灾害重,人员伤亡大。江南、华南及黑龙江西部、内蒙古东部等… 相似文献
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2007年8月,全国平均气温为21.5℃,比常年同期偏高1.1℃;是1951年以来历史同期次高值。其中,北京、青海、西藏、甘肃、内蒙古为历史同期次高值。全国平均降水量为110.0mm,较常年同期(103.3mm)略偏多;其中福建、山东降水量为历史同期第三多。8月,西北太平洋和南海海域共有6个台风和热带风暴生成,生成个数较常年同期(5.6个)略偏多;其中有3个登陆,登陆个数较常年同期(1.87)偏多。月内,台风圣帕降雨强度大,影响范围广,持续时间长,福建、湖南等地受灾严重;云南、陕西、四川、山东等地的部分地区暴雨洪涝灾害重,人员伤亡大;江南、华南及黑龙江西部… 相似文献
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2008年4月,全国平均气温为11．612,较常年同期（10．3℃）偏高1．3℃;黑龙江、吉林、内蒙古平均气温为1951年以来历史同期次高值。全国平均降水量为41．9mm,较常年同期（43．8mm）略偏少;华北、黄淮地区4月降水量明显偏多,山西、河北、山东、河南、北京、天津6省（市）区域平均降水量55．6mm,为1951年以来历史同期第3多。4月份我国主要天气气候事件有：南方部分地区及新疆西部遭受暴雨、风雹袭击; 相似文献
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1月，全国平均气温为-4．5℃，比常年同期偏高1．4℃。上旬，西藏旬平均气温为1951年以来历史同期最高值、黑龙江为次高值；下旬，黑龙江旬平均气温为1951年以来最高，宁夏、吉林、山西为次高值；黑龙江、吉林月平均气温为1951年以来历史同期最高值，西藏月平均气温为1954年以来历史同期次高值。全国平均降水量为11．1mm，较常年同期（12．1mm）偏少。月内，我国长江中下游地区出现大范围雨雪天气，湖北、安徽遭受雪灾；东部地区出现大雾天气，部分地区交通受到影响；云南西南部干旱缓和，华北、辽宁、广西、西藏干旱发展；26-27日西北地区出现今年第一次沙尘天气；长江以南地区多阴雨天气。 相似文献
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8月,全国平均气温为20．5℃,较常年同期（20．3℃）偏高0．2℃。全国平均月降水量为113．3mm,比常年同期（103．0mm）偏多10．3mm;安徽月降水量为1951年以来历史同期第二多,湖北、贵州为历史同期第三多。 相似文献
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2月，全国平均气温为0．7℃，比常年同期偏高3．5℃，为1951年以来历史同期最高值。全国平均降水量为18．0mm，较常年同期略偏多。月内，我国大部地区气温明显偏高，19个省（市、区）的月平均气温为1951年以来历史同期最高值；华北东部、西北东部、川渝等地的部分地区旱情持续或发展；我国中东部地区出现大雾天气，给春运交通带来不利影响； 相似文献
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6月,全国平均气温为20.5℃,比常年同期偏高1.0℃,仅次于2005年,为1951年以来历史同期次高值,其中内蒙古、吉林、黑龙江区域平均气温均为历史同期最高值,辽宁为次高值。全国平均降水量为94.5mm,较常年同期(97.8mm)略偏少,其中辽宁、吉林降水异常偏少,其区域平均降水量均为历史同 相似文献
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D.T. Patterson J.K. Westbrook R.J.V. Joyce† P.D. Lingren J. Rogasik 《Climatic change》1999,43(4):711-727
The geographic distribution, vigor, virulence, and agricultural impact of weeds, insects, and plant pathogens will be affected by climatic changes accompanying the global "greenhouse effect." Weed/crop competitive interactions, particularly among species differing in photosynthetic pathway (C3 v C4), may be altered, with the C3 species favored by increasing CO2. Physiological and biochemical changes induced in host crop plants by rising CO2 may affect feeding patterns of pest insects. Compilation of climatic thresholds for phenological development of pest insects reveals the potential for shifts in pest behavior induced by global warming and other climatic change. Generation times may be reduced, enabling more rapid population increases to occur. Poleward migration may be accelerated during the crop season. The epidemiology of plant diseases also will be altered. Prediction of disease outbreaks will be more difficult in periods of rapidly changing climate and unstable weather. Environmental instability and increased incidence of extreme weather may reduce the effectiveness of pesticides on targeted pests or result in more injury to non-target organisms. Biological control may be affected either negatively or positively. Overall, the challenge to agriculture from pests probably will increase. 相似文献
12.
Governance,complexity, and resilience 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Andreas Duit Victor Galaz Katarina Eckerberg Jonas Ebbesson 《Global Environmental Change》2010,20(3):363-368
This special issue brings together prominent scholars to explore novel multilevel governance challenges posed by the behavior of dynamic and complex social-ecological systems. Here we expand and investigate the emerging notion of “resilience” as a perspective for understanding how societies can cope with, and develop from, disturbances and change. As the contributions to the special issue illustrate, resilience thinking in its current form contains substantial normative and conceptual difficulties for the analysis of social systems. However, a resilience approach to governance issues also shows a great deal of promise as it enables a more refined understanding of the dynamics of rapid, interlinked and multiscale change. This potential should not be underestimated as institutions and decision-makers try to deal with converging trends of global interconnectedness and increasing pressure on social-ecological systems. 相似文献
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By C. S. ZEREFOS K. ELEFTHERATOS C. MELETI S. KAZADZIS A. ROMANOU C. ICHOKU G. TSELIOUDIS A. BAIS 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》2009,61(4):657-665
This work presents evidence that ultraviolet (UV)-A solar irradiances show increasing trends at Thessaloniki, Greece, where air quality has been improving because of air pollution abatement strategies. In contrast, over Beijing, China, where air quality measures were taken later, solar brightening was delayed. It is shown that until the early 1990s, UV-A irradiances over Thessaloniki show a downward trend of –0.5% yr−1 , which reverses sign and becomes positive in the last decade (+0.8% yr−1 ). This brightening is related to a decreasing trend in local aerosol amounts. Both the negative rate of change (dimming) and the positive rate of change (brightening) are amplified in the UV-A solar irradiances, compared with the total solar irradiance, by a factor of 2.6. Satellite derived short-wave radiation over Beijing showed negative changes of –0.4% (1984–1991) and –0.1% yr−1 during 1994–2006. The negative trend in solar radiation continued even during 2000–2006. Satellite-derived aerosol optical depth (AOD) increased by +1.0% yr−1 during 2000–2006, in agreement with in situ measurements of increasing AOD. Therefore, a statistically significant change from dimming to brightening in Beijing could not be seen in the last decade, but it is expected to occur in the near future. 相似文献
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Linking vulnerability, adaptation, and resilience science to practice: Pathways, players, and partnerships 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
Coleen Vogel Susanne C. Moser Roger E. Kasperson Geoffrey D. Dabelko 《Global Environmental Change》2007,17(3-4):349-364
Vulnerability, adaptation and resilience are concepts that are finding increasing currency in several fields of research as well as in various policy and practitioner communities engaged in global environmental change science, climate change, sustainability science, disaster risk-reduction and famine interventions. As scientists and practitioners increasingly work together in this arena a number of questions are emerging: What is credible, salient and legitimate knowledge, how is this knowledge generated and how is it used in decision making? Drawing on important science in this field, and including a case study from southern Africa, we suggest an alternative mode of interaction to the usual one-way interaction between science and practice often used. In this alternative approach, different experts, risk-bearers, and local communities are involved and knowledge and practice is contested, co-produced and reflected upon. Despite some successes in the use and negotiation of such knowledge for ‘real’ world issues, a number of problems persist that require further investigation including the difficulties of developing consensus on the methodologies used by a range of stakeholders usually across a wide region (as the case study of southern Africa shows, particularly in determining and identifying vulnerable groups, sectors, and systems); slow delivery of products that could enhance resilience to change that reflects not only a lack of data, and need for scientific credibility, but also the time-consuming process of coming to a negotiated understanding in science–practice interactions and, finally, the need to clarify the role of ‘external’ agencies, stakeholders, and scientists at the outset of the dialogue process and subsequent interactions. Such factors, we argue, all hinder the use of vulnerability and resilience ‘knowledge’ that is being generated and will require much more detailed investigation by both producers and users of such knowledge. 相似文献
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Inequalities, institutions, and forest commons 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Krister AnderssonArun Agrawal 《Global Environmental Change》2011,21(3):866-875
This paper contributes to a growing literature on the commons that examines the relationship between inequality and commons outcomes. Our analysis of evidence on forest commons outcomes in 228 cases from South Asia (India and Nepal), East Africa (Kenya and Uganda) and Latin America (Mexico and Bolivia) suggests that local governance and collective action matter in shaping how socioeconomic inequalities affect forest conditions. In particular, we find that both inter-group and intra-group economic inequalities have consistently negative effects on forest outcomes, but that effectively functioning local institutions for collective action dampen the negative effect of inter-group inequality on forest outcomes. 相似文献
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The present study aims at the assessment of six satellite rainfall estimates (SREs) in Pakistan. For each assessed products, both real-time (RT) and post adjusted (Adj) versions are considered to highlight their potential benefits in the rainfall estimation at annual, monthly, and daily temporal scales. Three geomorphological climatic zones, i.e., plain, mountainous, and glacial are taken under considerations for the determination of relative potentials of these SREs over Pakistan at global and regional scales. All SREs, in general, have well captured the annual north-south rainfall decreasing patterns and rainfall amounts over the typical arid regions of the country. Regarding the zonal approach, the performance of all SREs has remained good over mountainous region comparative to arid regions. This poor performance in accurate rainfall estimation of all the six SREs over arid regions has made their use questionable in these regions. Over glacier region, all SREs have highly overestimated the rainfall. One possible cause of this overestimation may be due to the low surface temperature and radiation absorption over snow and ice cover, resulting in their misidentification with rainy clouds as daily false alarm ratio has increased from mountainous to glacial regions. Among RT products, CMORPH-RT is the most biased product. The Bias was almost removed on CMORPH-Adj thanks to the gauge adjustment. On a general way, all Adj versions outperformed their respective RT versions at all considered temporal scales and have confirmed the positive effects of gauge adjustment. CMORPH-Adj and TMPA-Adj have shown the best agreement with in situ data in terms of Bias, RMSE, and CC over the entire study area. 相似文献
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Vincent J. Schaefer 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1955,8(3):265-282
Summary More than 70% of forest fires in the northwestern United States are caused by lightening. The Project Skyfire is an attempt to learn more about the atmospheric conditions leading to thunderstorms in this area and to investigate the possibilities of an artificial influence on their development by cloud seeding. The experiences gained with the training of amateur observers as well as the first scientific results of the project are briefly discussed. During the first year of observations, for instance, there was found to exist an intimate relationship between a certain type of fast moving thunderstorms and the intensity and position of the jet stream. Finally, the great economical value of researches in the field of applied meteorology is stressed.
With 7 Figures.
The Munitalp Foundation, Inc. 相似文献
Zusammenfassung Über 70% der Waldbrände im Nordwesten der Vereinigten Staaten werden durch Blitze entzündet. Das Project Skyfire hat es sich zum Ziel gesetzt, die atmosphärischen Bedingungen, welche zur Bildung von Gewittern in diesem Gebiet führen, zu untersuchen und die Möglichkeiten einer künstlichen Beeinflussung durch seeding zu erforschen. Die gesammelten Erfahrungen mit der Schulung von Amateur-Beobachtern, sowie die bisherigen wissenschaftlichen Ergebnisse werden kurz diskutiert. Schon im ersten Jahr der Beobachtungen ergaben sich interessante Zusammenhänge zwischen einer bestimmten Art von rasch ziehenden Gewittern und dem Jet-Stream. Schließlich wird auf den weitreichenden wirtschaftlichen Nutzen großzügiger Forschungen auf dem Gebiet der angewandten Meteorologie hingewiesen.
Résumé Plus de 70% des incendies de forêts dans le Nord-Ouest des Etats-Unis sont dûs à la foudre. Le «Project Skyfire» a pour but d'étudier les conditions atmosphériques conduisant dans ces régions à la formation d'orages ainsi que les possibilités d'agir sur cette formation au moyen d'inséminations artificielles. On discute brièvement les expériences faites en instruisant des observateurs amateurs ainsi que les résultats scientifiques. Dès la première année de recherches, on a constaté d'intéressantes relations entre un certain type d'orages rapides et le jet stream. Enfin on attire l'attention sur le grand intérêt économique d'études étendues dans le domaine de la métérologie appliquée.
With 7 Figures.
The Munitalp Foundation, Inc. 相似文献